1. 常见后接动词原形的词或短语:
why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情态动词，等等。 注意否定形式： had better / would you please / let直接加not + 动原； 而please加don’t + 动原
2. 常见后接动词ing的词或短语：finish / enjoy / practice / give up / keep / prefer…to…/ can’t
help（禁不住） / be busy / be worth（值得） / take turns（轮流）/ spend / have fun / 介词后等。
3. 常见后接带to不定式的词或短语：want / hope / wish / allow / encourage(鼓励)/ ask / tell
/ pretend(假装) / decide / invite / advise / warn / in order (为了) 等等。 4. 现在完成时
A. 定义：现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定
结束）的动作或状态。 B. 时间状语：[already, yet, just.]
[ever, never]
[since +过去时间 since 2 years ago, for+一段时间: for two years ]
C. 构成：have/has + done（特例： begin，borrow, buy, die, join, leave） D. 用法：肯定句：I have already finished my homework. 否定句：I haven’t finished my homework yet. 疑问句：Have you finished your homework yet ※ have been to 去了回来了 have gone to去了没回来
I've been to New York three times so far. Where is lily She has gone to America.
5. 反义疑问句
A. 定义：它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 B. 构成：陈述句+疑问句 They will go there, won’t they C. 用法：前肯后否，前否后肯。
D. 注意：(1) 前后时态一致 They haven’t known each other, have they He has dinner at home every day, doesn’t he (2)含有 little, few, never, seldom, hardly等否定意义的词时，句子视为否定。 He seldom tells a lie, does he (3)含有 im, un, dis 等否定前缀时，句子视为肯定 Your father is unhappy, isn’t he
(4)对反义疑问句的回答，要根据事实，是就yes,不是就no Cathy is reading an English book now, isn’t she ________,She is busy cleaning the window. 6. have a good time=enjoy oneself
7. be used for doing=be used to do被用来….
Scissors are used for cutting things. = Scissors are used to cut things. 8. with 表示“配有，带有 ”
the dress with yellow spots the jeans with blue belt 9. wish + sb. +n
I wish you health and happiness 10. 形式主语
A. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.
常见的有: bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong (错误的)等描述人的品性
B. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.
常见的形容词有： ① important, necessary, natural ② easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant 等。
10. 后接形容词的动词(一般都用副词修饰动词 run quickly, 但是这些系动词后要接形容词)
1 Be
3 变 （turn, become, get）The weather gets colder and colder. He became angry. 5 起来(look, sound, smell, taste, feel) It sounds very interesting.
11. 提问
How often 频率 once, twice, three times…..
How long 时间 two weeks (现在完成时) when 一般现在时 How far 距离 ten kilometers How soon 多久后会 In + 时间 How many…… 多少 可数
How much…… 多少 不可数
How about……提建议 How about going shopping 12. would like to do =want to do
Would you like to drink a cup of tea (=Do you want to drink a cup of tea) 你想喝杯茶吗
— Would you like to go shopping with me
— Yes, I’d like to. / I’d like to, but I have to do my homework.
13.词义辨析
find 找的结果 look for 找的过程 find out 找出，查明
I don’t find my pen，I’m looking for it everywhere.
我没有找到我的钢笔，我正到处找。 14. 一般疑问句﹠特殊疑问句
一般疑问句
一、含有be动词的一般疑问句,通常把be动词调到句首。例如: 陈述句:They are in the swimming pool. 一般疑问句:Are they in the swimming pool
二、含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can, may...),把情态动词调到句首。例如: 陈述句:He can drive a car.
一般疑问句: Can he drive a car
三、一般动词的一般疑问句,要借助助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形+其它 陈述句:Amy speaks English. 一般疑问句:Does Amy speak English
特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what who whose which when where how why等。
who is singing in the room﹖ whose bike is broken﹖ what class are you in﹖ What does she look like﹖ 注意：
１．回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes ／ no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。如： Who is from Canada﹖ Helen (is)． Where's the restaurant﹖ Near the station．
15. 反身代词（oneself）
1. 作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express,
amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。如： He is teaching herself English.她在自学英语。 He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。
2. 作主语或宾语的同位语：主要起加强语气的作用，译作“亲自，本身，本人”。如： Did you make the cake yourself这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗(yourself作主语you的同位语) The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语the work的同位语)
Did you see Mr. Wang himself你见过王先生本人吗(himself作宾语Mr. Wang的同位) 3. 作表语：在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如：I’m not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。 4. 用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。如： Help yourself to …! 请随便吃…！ Make yourself at home! 别客气！
Make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解。
