被动语态
(一) 语态分类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
They build a new bridge over the river. (主动) ① ② ③ A new bridge is built by them over the river. (被动) ③ ② ①
(二) 被动语态在何种情况下使用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class.”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.
3.汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态 。 Smoking is not allowed in public places.
(三) 被动语态的构成
助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，以动词sing为例。 时态∕语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 主动语态 Jay sings many songs every year. Jay sang many songs last year. 被动语态 Many songs are sung by Jay every year. Many songs were sung by Jay last year. Jay will sing/ is going to sing many Many songs will be sung/ are going to be songs this year. sung by Jay this year. Jay is singing an English song. Jay was singing a song just now. An English song is being sung by Jay. A song was being sung by Jay just now. Jay has sung lots of songs in the Lots of songs have been sung by Jay in past few years. the past few years. Jay had sung plenty of songs by Plenty of songs had been sung by Jay last year. last year. Jay said he would sing more songs Jay said more songs would be sung in in the future. the future. 情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。
(四) 主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语
→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语
（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers.
→ A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。
(五) 不用被动语态的情况
1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen, break out ,take place The story was happened in 1934. ( × ） 2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have, stay, fit… I have a new bike.
3）连系动词不用被动语态；
The story is sounded true. ( × ）
动词被动语态专项练习
一.将下列句子改为被动语态。 1. We put the family name first in China. 2. The runner dropped the stick on the ground. 3. I have just found the library book. 4. Mr. Hu will give Jim some homework.
5. Kat hasn’t covered the tree with Christmas lights. 6. She takes care of the sick men. 7. You must pay for the library book. 8. This thermos makes me feel thirsty. 9. She cut the cake into pieces.
10. They put up these famous drawings on the wall.
二.用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。
1. In winter children in the north often __________(play) with snow. 2. More and more schools ___________(build) here later. 3. Jim ___________(eat) up all the cakes yesterday.
4. Many new things __________(invent) in the last ten years. 5. All the shoes __________(sell) out last week.
6. How long _______ the book _________(can, keep)? 7. Father said he _________(stop) smoking soon.
8. The babies here _________(take) good care of every day.
9. A wounded man came to the policeman and _______(ask) for help.
10. A: Look, the girl ______(play) the piano.
B: Yes. She ________often ________(see) to do so in her room.
11. Mary has been ill for days. I _______(try) to help her with her lessons when she ________(come) back.
12. Some top students _____(send) to study in foreign countries once a year. 13. The teachers __________(prepare) their lessons when I came in. 14. The bike __________________ (must not put) here.
15. Look, the little ___________(paint) a beautiful horse on the blackboard. It’s so beautiful. 16. These kinds of machines __________(make) in Japan.
三、将下列句子改为其相应的被动语态
1. He is going to book the tickets for the match soon.
The tickets for the match ___________ going to___________ ___________ soon. 2. What shall we do at the moment?
What will___________ ___________ ___________ us at the moment? 3. We often see her run in the morning.
She ___________ often___________ ___________ run in the morning. 4. The teachers don’t teach German in our school. German___________ ___________in our school. 5. They have held a sports meeting in their school this year. 6. 7. 8.
A sports meeting___________ ___________ ___________ in their school this year. Do thousands of people visit Yu Garden every month? ___________ Yu Garden ___________ by thousands of people every month? They took the wounded soldier to the field hospital.
The wounded soldier___________ ___________ to the field hospital. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs(分贝) here.
The noise must___________ ___________ under 50 dbs here.
9. We publish our school newspaper twice a month. Our school newspaper___________ ___________ twice a month. 10. Mr. Wang teaches us English in the school.
We ___________ ___________ English in the school. English___________ ___________ to us in the school.
四．选择。
( ) 1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build ( ) 2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened
C. is happened A. is visited
B. was happened D. happened
D. Did; build
( ) 3. So far, the moon ____ by man already.
B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
( ) 4. A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( ) 5. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
D. made D. wasn't sent D. are; used
( ) 6. Neither of them ______ in China. A. is made B. are made C. were made ( ) 7.The doctor _____ for yet. A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent ( ) 8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year. A. did; use
B. was; used
C. is; used
( ) 9.He says that Mr. Zhang _____ to the factory next week. A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent ( ) 10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.
D. asks to D. told us D. to jump
A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked ( ) 11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us ( ) 12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped ( ) 13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.
A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( ) 14.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened
