yxn初高中衔接--语法专题3-时态语态

语法专题三 时态 vs语态 一．时态

1.一般现在时 （形式： ）

主要用来表示 ；表示 ，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示 考点一： eg: We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.

（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。） 考点二： eg: I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

等。

eg: They usually go to work at 7 o’clock every morning. The earth goes around the sun.

Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.

考点一：

eg: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二： eg: If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.

2．一般过去时（形式：_____________________________ ）

表 ，或 。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when,

eg:Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party. Mr.Smith came to see you just now. 考点一：used to

He used to smoke a lot.(译：____________________________)

He has got used to getting up early. (译：____________________________) 考点二：

eg: He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise

3. 一般将来时（形式：_____________________________ ） 表示 。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2020等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。

eg: We will be there tomorrow . You will feel better after having this medicine .

I am going to check my email this evening .

What thick ice！I am afraid that we are going to slip and fall .

考点三： eg: Use your head and you will find a way. Work hard or you will fall behind.

4、现在进行时（形式：_____________________________ ）

表 ：与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually等连用表示 加强语气。 eg: We are having English class.（表示_____________________）

The house is being built these days.（表示______________________） The little boy is always making trouble. （表示______________________） 考点一 表示 。 eg: Marry is leaving on Friday.

总结：常用现在进行时表示将来的动词有：

_____________________________________________________________________

5、现在完成时（形式：_____________________________ ）

表示 现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：

eg: They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考点二：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, eg: Has it stopped raining yet ?

考点三：在表示“最近几年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语用现在完成时 in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout

history 等。

考点四： eg: This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written.

6. 过去进行时（形式：_____________________________ ）

表示 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.

He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.

What were you doing at nine last night?

The radio was being repaired when you called me.

7. 过去完成时（形式：_____________________________ ）

表示 即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )

There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected.

8. 过去将来时（形式：_____________________________ ）

过去将来时表示

考点一：表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事，常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。

He said he would come to see me. He told me he would go to Beijing.

She said she was going to start at once. 考点二：某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时come,go,leave,arrive,start

等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。 He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. She told me she was coming to see me.

以study为例，写出动词的各种时态

一般时 进行时 完成时 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 语态

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。

1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词 2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词或短语动词 1、一般现在时：

The dustmen clean the street every morning. The street_________ every morning.

2、一般过去时：

We hid the ball behind the door last night.

The ball _________ behind the door by us last night. 3、一般将来时：

They will plant some pine trees in the park.

Some pine trees ________________ in the park. 4、现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 过去分词 The workers are building a new bridge over the river. A new bridge _____________ over the river.

5、过去进行时：was / were + being + 过去分词

The doctors were operating on him when I arrived. He ______________ when I arrived. 6、现在完成时：have / has + been + 过去分词

He has posted all the letters. All the letters________________. ７、情态动词：must / can / may + be + 过去分词

You must return the book tomorrow. The book ________________ tomorrow. 注意：

1、双宾语：一个变主语，另一个不动(间宾前加介词)

My friend bought me two English books. I ____________ two English books.

Two English books ____________ for me.

2、主动句中省去的 to，被动句中要写出来

The boss sees the workers ______ 14 hours a day. The workers are seen ______14 hours a day. 练习：变被动语态

1.She asked me to come a little later. 2.We built this house in 2004.

3.He showed me the way to the station. 4. You must do it right now.

5. They are building a new library near our home. 6. They have given us a very difficult job. 7. He will show us a few good films.

8. A large number of people can speak English in the world now. 9. We must put the computer here.

10. At that time they taught him how to cook these vegetables.

请试着以learn为例写出下表中各种时态的被动语态谓语动词的构成形式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 时态语态练习：

1. Mr. Brown will go fishing tomorrow if it ___ (not rain). 2. Kate __ (borrow) some books from the library yesterday. 3. Listen! Someone ___ (knock) at the door. 4. Mr. Chen __________ (teach) English in our school for ten years. 5. You __ _________ (speak) at the meeting tomorrow, aren’t you? 6. When I walked past his house, I heard him (play) the piano. 7. The heavy snow stopped them from (leave) the hotel. 8. How many fridges (produce) in China last year? 9. Mike told me that he ________ (be) to New York twice. 10. The teacher told us that light (travel) much faster man sound. 11. When ______ the first man-made satellite _______ (send) up into space 12. Last year vegetables __________ (grow) in the garden by Tom and he __________ (sell) them himself.

13. She _________ (help) him with his homework tomorrow evening.

14. How many magazines _______________ (can borrow) in your library every week

15. John ____________ (hear) to go upstairs two hours ago. 16. －Who ________(save) her father?

－He _________(save) by that policeman.

17. The doctor ___________ (send for) because his grandpa was ill.

18. Mooncakes ___________ (make) by his mother every year. ______ your mother

_______ (make) mooncakes for you every year? 19. Some toys _____________ (buy) as presents for these children last Monday. 20. _______ paper ________ (make) of wood? 21. It is a fine day. The sun _____________ (shine) brightly. 22. They ___________ (visit) the Science Museum next Sunday. 23. Mr. Brown _____________ (live) in Beijing since he came to China. 24. Mr. Wang _____________ (teach) us English two years ago. 25. The Smiths ______________ ( watch) TV at this time last night.

26. We _____________ (learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term. 27. Father said that he ______________ (buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.

28. Bill isn’t here. He ______________ (chat) with his friends in the classroom. 29. The teacher said that the moon __________ (go) round the earth.

30. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it _____________ (not rain) this Sunday.

31. Listen! They ___________ (talk) about the new film.

32. Jim asked us what ___________ (happen) in China in 1976. 33. My mobile phone ___________ (steal) on a bus last week. 34. The host ____________ (interview) the little boy just now. 35. The Greens ___________ (watch) TV now.

36. He said that he ___________ (ring) me up when he got there. 37. We _____________ (learn) English for about three years. 38. My brother_____________ (join) the League in 1997. 39. The farmers ___________ (pick) apples when I saw them. 40. The red skirt _________ (cost) the girl forty yuan.

41. The film ____________ (begin) when I got to the cinema.

42. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she (grow) up.

43. My sister is a student and she ________ (study) at a middle school nearby. 44. Mr. Green ____________ (travel) to several places in South China since he came here.

45. You __________ (catch) the early bus if you get up early. 46. _______ you been ________ (wear) glasses all the time? 47. I'll go home as soon as I _________ (finish) my homework. 48. Most science books are _________ (write) in English. 49. I _________ (stay) there for two months last year. 50.It________you are right. ( seem )

51. The farmers __________(pick) apples when I saw them. 52. They ___________(visit) the Science Museum next Sunday. 53. Mr Brown __________(live) in Beijing since he came to China. 54. Mr Wang ___________(teach) us English two years ago.

55. The Smiths _______________( watch) TV at this time last night.

56. We __________(learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term. 57. Father said that he ____________(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday. 58. The teacher said that the moon __________(go) round the earth. 59. Listen! They ____________(talk) about the new film. 60. We ____________(learn) English for about three years. 61. My brother_____________(join) the League in 1997. 62. The film ____________(begin) when I got to the cinema. 63. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.

. Bill isn’t here. He ___________(chat) with his friends in the classroom. 65.He ______ swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)

66.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play ) 67.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen )

68.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )

69.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat ) 70.I______with you if I have time . ( go )

71. When ______ you ______ the car ? In 1998 . ( buy ) 72.The bike is nice . How much ______ it______? (cost)

73.He told me he _________ (take) me to the US the next month.

74.They said they ______________ (not, allow) any reporter to enter their factory.

75.We told her we _________________ (send) her to Beijing. 76.When I got home, they ______ (get) supper ready. 77.He said he _________ to Japan twice.

78.When I arrived, the film __________ (begin).

79.They ___________ (learn) Chinese for a year before they came to China. 80.He ___________ (finish) writing the report by the end of last month.

81She told us her parents ___________ (work) in the hospital for twenty years. 82. She ___________ (see) a film with her friend this time yesterday.

83. We ____________ football when it began to rain

改错

1. When he will come back, I’ll let you know. 2. I work on a farm in North China in the 1970s. 3.My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping. 4.I haven’t seen her since two months.

5.The teacher told him that the sun rose in the east. 6.I am get up at 6:00 every day.

7. Just now Jim tells me his mother was ill. 8. I phone the other students a moment ago.

9. We often played together when we are children. 10. What are you doing when I called you？

11. I see you in the park. You were talking to a pretty girl. 12. She doesn’t hear the doorbell, for she was watching TV. 13. We’ll stay at home playing cards if it will rain tomorrow. 14. Please let me know if you will have any trouble.

15. He hurt his back when he is playing football with his classmates. 16. I will write to him when I finished the book. 17. Charles worked hard since leaving school. 18. In fact， I am very thin when I was young.

19. He is kind to me. Although he is very busy， he still came to see me. 20. How long have you been here？ How did you like our city？ 21. As is known to us all, the earth turned around the sun.

22.I’m interested in English, so I spoke it better than the others do. 23. Don’t worry about it. I promise you I come to help you.

24.Now everything is dear. Even a small piece of bread cost one yuan. 25.Remember to turn off the lights before you will leave.

26. I forget to tell him the news. Shall we telephone him now？