LESSON THREE 四种进行时态
二、 把下列句子先变成一般疑问句，再就画线部分提问。 1. John taught in a middle school. 2. Tom studies Chinese. 3. The meeting will begin at two o’clock. 4. She was happy because she passed the exam. 5. They were neighbors three years ago. 6. We went to the cinema twice a month. 7. He can finish the job in two weeks. 8. We sold the cotton by weight.
KEY 二
1. Where did John teach? 2. What does Tom study?
3. When (What time) will the meeting begin? 4. Why was she happy?
5. When were they neighbors?
6. How many times (How often) a month did you go to the cinema?
7. When can he finish the job? 8. Who sold the cotton by weight?
请大家看下列表格，竖行表示时间概念，横行则表示情态或叫做情感。将“时”与“态”区分开，是我们学好时态的关键。
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态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 时 现 在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 过 去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 将 来 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 过去将来 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
▲ 进行时态的构成
时 态 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 主谓宾 is (am, are) doing was (were) doing will be doing would be doing ▲ 现在进行时态和过去进行时态
1、进行态的暂时性，进行时态与一般时态的比较
Be doing
▲ 现在进行时态和过去进行时态
一般现在时
过去 -------现在--------- 将来 --- 现在进行时
● They live in America.（一贯的）
● They are living in America.（暂时的）
第二句给我们的感觉是，他们一直住在别的什么地方，但目前暂住美国。
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He is studying English hard. You do not eat much. You are not eating much.
● My TV works perfectly.
我的电视非常好。（一贯的） ● My TV is working perfectly.
我的电视目前很好。（暂时性）
第二句给人的印象是：电视过去工作不正常，最近修了一下，效果很好。
2. 进行时态的感情色彩。
进行态除了表示一个进行的动作以外，更多的是带有一种“态”，也就是说有一种情态在里面。注意下面句子的比较：
● Do you know your girl friend was having (had) dinner with a guy家伙, 人 in the restaurant near our school yesterday evening?
注：说话的人没有用一般过去时，而是用过去进行时态。从这句
话
中可以看出他通过进行时态的画面感，给对方一个亲眼看到的感觉，以刺激听话的人。
你知道不知道你的女朋友昨天晚上和一个小伙子在学校附近的餐馆一起吃饭？
● Yesterday at midnight, I was walking by the room, I heard someone sharpening a knife in it. After a while, a woman
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was crying in it, I rushed in, but there was nobody.
注：上面是一个虚构的吓人故事。他使用了过去进行时态，目的在于给人一种画面感，以达到恐怖的目的。如果用一般过去时态，故事会平淡得多
进行时态与一般时态的比较 ▲ 将来进行时态
● I will wait for you at the airport.
● I will be waiting for you at the airport.
第一句用的是一般将来时态，第二句用的是将来进行时态。第二句给人的感觉好像能够看到说话的人将在机场等待的情景，所以更亲切、更踏实。这就是画面感的效果。我们很难用汉语表达出上面两句话的不同。
● We will live happily together in this large flat. 一套公寓
● We will be living happily together in this large flat.
注：该例句的情景是一个男子带着未婚妻去看新房。如果只用一般将来时态，语言就较平淡。使用第二句将来进行时态，便可以给自己的未婚妻展现一种活生生的未来生活的美好前景。这就是进行时态的妙处所在。我们同样很难用汉语译出上面两句英文中的不同时态，这也是汉语在时态表达上的局限性。
课堂练习
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练 习 说 明 时态是一种非常灵活的语言现象。我们汉语中在时间上的表达方式与英文完全不同。英文的时态不仅仅是一种时间概念，它还带有不同的情态。所以，在做练习时，并不是简单对和错的问题，而是哪个时态更好。必须同时注意“时”与“态”两个方面，结合上下文及情景，细心体会，方能真正掌握。
二、时态选择。（该题全部取自于全国高考原卷）
1. The last time I Jane, she cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking
2. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 3. –Can I join the club, Dad?
--You can when you a bit older.
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got 4. –Do you like the material? --Yes, it very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
5. I don’t really work here; I until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out 6. –Your phone number again? I quite catch it. --It’s 9568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
7. I don’t think Jim saw me; he into space.
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A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 8. –Can I help you, sir?
--Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it .
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. isn’t working
9. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 10． –Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 11．–Is this raincoat yours?
--No, mine there behind the door. A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung
三、时态选择。（该题全部取自于全国高考原卷）
1. The last time I Jane, she cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking 2. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he
office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left
D. had left
3. –Can I join the club, Dad?
--You can when you a bit older.
A. get
B. will get
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C. are getting
4. –Do you like the material? --Yes, it very soft.
A. is feeling
C. feels
D. will have got B. felt D. is felt
5. I don’t really work here; I until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just helped out
D. will just help out C. am just helping out 6. –Your phone number again? I quite catch it.
--It’s 9568442.
B. couldn’t A. didn’t
C. don’t A. just stared
D. can’t
B. was just staring
7. I don’t think Jim saw me; he into space. C. has just stared D. had just stared
8. –Can I help you, sir?
--Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it .
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. isn’t working
9. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked
B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked 10–Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
--I , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would
D. did C. was going to 11．–Is this raincoat yours?
--No, mine there behind the door.
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A. is hanging C. hangs
B. has hung D. hung
二
1. D the last time在此做连词，引导状语从句，该句应译成：上次看到他时，他在地里采棉花。谓语动词用的是see，因此该句给我们一个短暂或某一时刻的感觉。应用进行态，进行态常用来表示动作的暂时性。 2. B
3. A 主从句都是将来时，从句用一般时，主句用将来时。注意can, must, may, to be able to这些情态动词都是表示将来时。 4. C feel是系动词。
5 C 进行态表示暂时性。 6. A 7 B
8. D 表示目前的状况。
9. B at this time表示一个短暂的时间，所以用进行态。 10. C 此句用was going to或would都应该是对的，但是was going to有打算的意思，而would表示将要的意思，从第一句看出，他实际上没有去成，was going to只是一种打算，所以应选C。 11. A 特别强调目前的状态，用进行时。
一、
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
完成下列句子。
He said （他从未去过Tibet）.
（他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.
He said （他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera）.
I hope （雨会在明天中午前停下来）. By the end of that year （他已集了一千多张中国邮票）.
I really don’t know （他是否已经到了实验室laboratory）.
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7. The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer
（在他经历了这样的事情之后）.
8. I could not remember whether （他已经付了字典钱）.
9. I’m afraid I （到时还没有找到正确的答案）.
10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I （就会把这件事全忘光的）.
练习答案
练习非常重要，是检查你是否理解的重要手段，也是高考拿高分的不可缺少的一环。
一
1. he had never been to Tibet 2. he hasn’t written to me
3. he would have done with my camera by the end of next month.
4. the rain will have stopped by tomorrow noon.
5. he had collected more than a thousand Chinese stamps. 6. whether he has got to the laboratory or not. 7. after he has experienced such a thing. 8. he had paid for the dictionary.
9. won’t have got the correct answer by then. 10. will have forgotten all about the matter.
重要提示
1． 学好时态的关键是要了解时态是“时与态”的
组合，竖行的四种进行态，其“态”的概念是一样的，只要掌握一种，四种全会。 2． 掌握进行态的关键，在于它表示的是一个暂时性的动作和
给人以生动的画面感，不可一律都用正在来套，有时两种
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语言是很难相互直译的，如果希望用一个“正在”来表示进行，往往将自己逼入误区。 3． 在今后的阅读和听外国人讲话时，多注意他们是怎样使用
时态的，多问为什么，对初学者，最好背下几篇含有进行态的好文章，比如上课提到的“新概念英语”第二册第一课、第七课、第十三课，并细心体会各种时态的应用。这样经过一段时间的学习，在时态应用上就会达到炉火纯青的地步。
4． 我们在课后也为同学们准备了大量练习，希望同学们用
“心”做。
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