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【密训】00604 英美文学选读

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★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★英美文学选读(课程代码:00604)使用说明:识记知识点(主要考察单选题),有时间再尝试记主观题(阅读理解,问答题,论述题)第一部分英国文学第一章文艺复兴时期本章重点:1.文艺复兴时期的历史文化背景2.莎士比亚和弥尔顿的作品和写作特点本章提示:本章中有关莎士比亚的文学成就可以以论述题的形式来考察,值得注意。知识点1文艺复兴时期时代背景知识点概览:1.文艺复兴时期的界定及历史文化背景2.文艺复兴运动的意义与影响3.文艺复兴时期的文学特点,人文主义的主张及对文学的影响知识点:1.TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.文艺复兴标志着中世纪到现代的过渡。2.ThemostfamousdramatistsintheRenaissanceEnglandareChristopherMarlowe,WilliamShakespeareandBenJonson.英国文艺复兴时期最著名的剧作家有马洛,莎士比亚和本.琼森。3.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。4.ThebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanistsareThomasMore,ChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespeare.英国人文主义优秀代表是托马斯·莫尔,克里斯托弗·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚。知识点2莎士比亚(《哈姆雷特》Tobe,ornottobe-thatisthequestion)知识点概览:1.莎士比亚的戏剧创作生涯:(1)早期的浪漫喜剧、历史剧(2)中期的悲剧(3)晚期的悲喜剧、传奇剧2.莎士比亚戏剧的代表作品及其故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义:(1)喜剧《威尼斯商人》(2)悲剧《哈姆雷特》(3)传奇剧《暴风雨》3.选读:(1)十四行诗的主题、意象(2)喜剧《威尼斯商人》选段的主题、人物性格、语言特点(3)喜剧《哈姆雷特》选段的主要内容知识点:1.Shakespearehasestablishedhisgiantpositioninworldliteraturewithhis38plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems(VenusandAdonisandTheRapeofLucrece).莎翁对世界文坛的主要贡献是38部戏剧(包括历史剧,喜剧和悲剧),154首十四行诗和两篇长篇叙事诗:《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》和《鲁克丽丝失贞记》。2.Thefirstperiodofhisdramaticcareer,hewrotefivehistoryplays:HenryVI,PartsI,II,andIII,RichardIII,andTitusAndronicus;andfourcomedies:TheComedyofErrors,TheTwoGentlemenofVerona,TheTamingoftheShrew,andLove’sLabor’sLost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段,他创作了五部历史剧:《亨利六世》,《理查三世》,《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧:《错误的戏剧》,《维洛那二绅士》,《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。3.Inthesecondperiod,hewrotefivehistories:RichardIII,KingJohn,HenryIV,PartsIandII,andHenryV;sixcomedies:AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,MuchAdoAboutNothing,AsYouLikeIt,TwelfthNight,andTheMerryWivesofWindsor;andtwotragedies:RomeoandJulietandJuliusCaesar.在第二阶段,他写了五部历史剧:《理查三世》,《约翰王》,《亨利四世》第一部分和第二部分,《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》,《威尼斯商人》,《无事生非》,《皆大欢喜》,《第十二夜》,《温莎的风流娘儿们》,还有两部悲剧:《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。其中《亨利四世》第一部分和第二部分无疑是莎士比亚的历史剧中最为广泛阅读的。4.Shakespeare’sthirdperiodincludeshisgreatesttragediesandhisso-calleddarkcomedies.ThetragediesofthisperiodareHamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth,AntonyandCleopatra,TroilusandCressida,andCoriolanus.ThetwocomediesareAll’sWellThatEndsandMeasureforMeasure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧(或悲喜剧),悲剧有:《哈姆雷特》,《奥赛罗》,《李尔王》《麦克白》,《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。5.Shakespeare’sgreatesttragediesare:Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.Theyhavesomecharacteristicsincommon.Eachportrayssomenobleheroes.Thefirstofthegreattragedies,HamletisgenerallyregardedasShakespeare’smostpopularplayonthestage,forithasthequalitiesofa“blood-and-thunder”thrillerandaphilosophicalexploitationoflifeanddeath.莎士比亚的四大悲剧是:《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》《麦克白》。它们的共同点是,讲的都是一些高贵的英雄。四大悲剧中的第一部《哈姆雷特》通常被认为是莎士比亚舞台上最受欢迎的戏剧。因为它有着“紧张激烈的”惊悚片的特点以及对生命与死亡的哲学的深入探究。(大题)6.“Tobe,ornottobe-thatisthequestion;/Whether’tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer/Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,/Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,/Andbyopposingendthen?”TheselinesaretakenfromHamlet.Tobe,ornottobe-thatisthequestion.生或死,这是一个问题,是出自哈姆雷特的名句。(大题)7.InKingLear,Shakespearehasnotonlymadeaprofoundanalysisofthesocialcrisisinwhichtheevilscanbeseeneverywhere,butalsocriticizedthebourgeoisegoism.在《李尔王》中,莎士比亚不仅对罪恶随处可见的社会危机进行了深刻分析,同时也批评了资产阶级的利己主义。8.Shakespeare’sgreatestcomediesare:TheMerchantofVenice,AMidsummerNight’sDream,AsYoulike,TwelfthNight.ThemostimportantplayamongthecomediesofShakespeareisTheMerchantofVenice.莎士比亚四大喜剧为:《威尼斯商人》《仲夏夜之梦》《皆大欢喜》《第十二夜》,其中《威尼斯商人》是最重要的一部喜剧。9.Antonio,BassanioandPortiaarethecharactersinTheMerchantofVenice.安东尼奥,巴萨尼奥,鲍西亚都是《威尼斯商人》中的人物。10.Thestoryof“apoundofflesh”isinTheMerchantofVenice.莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》中巴萨尼奥向高利贷者夏洛克借了钱,并签订契约答应到期不还便割下身上“一磅肉”作为处罚。11.Shakespeare’sTheTempest,anelaborateandfantasticstory,isknownasthebestofhisfinalromances.AsthebestofShakespeare’sfinalromances,TheTempestisatypicalexampleofhispessimisticviewtowardshumanlifeandsocietyinhislateyears.作为莎士比亚后期传奇作品之最,《暴风雨》是他晚年对人类生活和社会的悲观主义看法的一个典型例子。12.Inhisromanticcomedies,Shakespearetakesa(n)optimisticattitudetowardloveandyouth,andtheromanticelementsarebroughtintofullplay.在他的浪漫喜剧中,莎士比亚以乐观的态度对待爱情与青春,并将浪漫色彩渲染到极致。13.Sonnet18isoneofthemostbeautifulsonnetswrittenbyShakespeare.“ShahIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?”十四行诗第十八首诗“我可否把你比作夏日“是莎翁最出色的十四行诗。(大题)第1页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★阅读理解1.“ShahIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:”(2011.4)Questions:A.Who’sthepoetofthequotedstanza,andwhat’sthetitleofthepoem?B.Whatfigureofspeechisemployedinthepoem?C.Whatisthethemeofthepoem?答案:A.Sonnet18,Shakespeare;B.PersonificationC.Anicesummer’sdayisusuallytransient,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.A、B点各1分,C点2分。语言错误酌情扣分。问答题1.WilliamShakespeareisoneofthemostremarkableplaywrightstheworldhaseverknown.Whatarehisfourgreatesttragedies?Whatarethecharacteristicsofthefourtragediesincommon?(2013.4)答案:A.Shakespeare’sfourgreatesttragediesare:Hamlet,KingLear,OthelloandMacbethB.Eachportrayhassomenoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.知识点3弥尔顿(史诗《失乐园》)知识点概览:1.弥尔顿的文学创作:(1)早期诗歌(3)晚期史诗(2)中期诗文2.《利西达斯》:挽歌及其特点3.史诗《失乐园》故6.弥尔顿的《论出版自由》(14)可能是他最难忘的散文作品,这是对出版自由的一个伟大的请求。第二章新古典主义时期本章重点:1.新古典主义文学流派形成的政治,社会和文化背景2.启蒙运动的特点本章提示:新古典主义和浪漫主义的区别可以作为跨章节的论述题来考察;另外,笛福和菲尔丁的代表作也是值得关注的。知识点1新古典主义时期时代背景1.新古典主义时期政治和社会事2.新古典主义者的信仰及追求知识点:1.ThegreatpoliticalandsocialeventsintheEnglishsocietyofneoclassicalperiodweretheRestorationofKingCharlesIIin1660,theGreatPlagueof1665andtheGreatLondonFirein1666.新古典主义时期的政治和社会事件包括1660年查理二世的王朝复辟;1665年的大瘟疫,以及1666年的伦敦大火。2.Thebeliefoftheeighteenth-centuryneoclassicistsinEnglandledthemtoseekproportion,unityandharmony.18世纪英国的新古典主义者的信仰是追求平等,统一以及和谐。知识点2丹尼尔·笛福(关注下层人士)知识点概览:1.丹尼尔笛福的作品,创作思想及关注的阶层2.《鲁滨逊漂流记》中的主要人物及故事情节,\"鲁滨逊\"的人物原型及社会意义知识点:1.DanielDefoe’sRobinsonCrusoeisuniversallyconsideredashismasterpiece.FridayisacharacterinthenovelRobinsonCrusoe.《鲁宾逊漂流记》被公认为是丹尼尔笛福的杰作。Friday是《鲁宾逊漂流记》中的人物。2.DanielDefoedescribesRobinsonCrusoeasatypicalEnglishmiddle-classmanoftheeighteenthcentury,theveryprototypeoftheempirebuilder,thepioneercolonist.笛福把鲁宾逊描述成一个典型的十八世纪英国中产阶级人士,也正是帝国建造者或先驱殖民者的原型。(大题)3.Amongthenovelistsofmid-eighteenthcentury,DanielDefoegavehispraisetothehard-working,sturdymiddleclassandshowedhissympathyforthedowntrodden,unfortunatepoorinmostofhisworks.在十八世纪中期的小说家中,笛福在大部分作品中都表达了对勤劳的人和坚实的中产阶级的赞美以及对被压迫的和不幸的人们的同情。4.ThenovelsofDanielDefoearethefirstliteraryworksdevotedtothestudyofproblemsofthelower--classpeople,suchasCaptainSingleton,MollFlanders,ColonelJack.鲁滨逊的小说是首批描写底层人士的问题的小说,包括《辛格尔顿船长》《摩尔·弗兰德斯》《杰克上校》。5.TheworkTheShortestWaywiththeDissenterswrittenbyDanielDefoebroughthimintojailandmadehimgothroughpublicpillory.笛福的《铲除非国教教徒的捷径》把他送进了监狱,并让他公开示众。知识点3乔纳森.斯威夫特(讽刺)知识点概览:1.乔纳森.斯威夫特的主要作品及语言风格(“在恰当的地方用恰当的词”)2.《一个温和的建议》的讽刺语言风格及其地位3.《格列佛游记》的梗概及社会意义知识点:1.JonathanSwift’sgreatestsatiricworkisAModestProposal,notonly事梗概、主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格及作品的意义4.史诗《复乐园》的主要内容5.诗歌《力士参孙》的主要内容人物性格、语言特点等。知识点:1.Milton’sliteraryachievementscanbedividedintothreegroups:theearlypoeticworks,themiddleprosepamphletsandthelastgreatpoems.弥尔顿的文学作品可分为三类:早期诗作,中期的散文小册子和后期的伟大诗作。早期诗作有Lycidas《利西达斯》,其中后期的作品ParadiseLost《失乐园》(1667),ParadiseRegained《复乐园》(1671),&SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》(1671)考查频率高。2.AmongthethreemajorpoeticalworksbyJohnMilton,SamsonAgonistesisthemostperfectexampleofversedramaaftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.在约翰弥尔顿三个主要的诗歌作品《失乐园》《复乐园》和《力士参孙》中,《力士参孙》是希腊风格英语诗剧最完美的例子。3.JohnMilton’sParadiseLostistheonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.约翰弥尔顿伟大的诗作《失乐园》是继《贝奥武甫》以来,英国文学史上唯一被公认的史诗。4.WorkingthroughthetraditionofaChristianhumanism,JohnMiltonwroteParadiseLosttoexposethewaysofSatanandtojustifythewaysofGodtomen.约翰·弥尔顿写《失乐园》揭露撒旦的行为,并对上帝对待人的方式进行辩护。5.ThestoryofParadiseLostistakenfromOldTestament.《失乐园》取自于旧约。6.ParadiseLost:人类由于理性不强,意志薄弱,经不起考验,暗示英国自产主义失败的原因。7.TheworkParadiseRegainedshowshowmankind,inthepersonofChrist,withstandsthetempterandisestablishedoncemoreinthedivinefavor.《复乐园》展示以为例,人类如何抵制诱惑,并受到神圣的青睐再一次站起来。8.JohnMilton’sAreopagiticaisprobablyhismostmemorableprosework,whichisagreatpleaforfreedomofthepress.约翰·弥尔顿的散文:《论出版自由》7.选读:史诗《失乐园》选段的主要内容、第2页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★oftheperiodbutalsointhewholeEnglishliteraryhistory.《一个温和的建议》是乔纳森·斯威夫特最好的讽刺作品。不仅是这一时期讽刺的最佳例子,而且也是整个英国文学史上的典范。2.JonathanSwift’sAModestProposalmakesthemostdevastatingprotestagainsttheinhumanexploitationandoppressionoftheIrishpeoplebytheEnglishrulingclass.乔纳森·斯威夫特《一个温和的建议》以温和冷静的语言讽刺了英国对爱尔兰的压迫,文字“不温不火,绵里藏针”,颇能体现斯威夫特的讽刺风格。3.DrapieristhepseudonymofJonathanSwift.德拉皮尔是斯威夫特的笔名。4.ThemostimportantrepresentativeworkbyJonathanSwiftisGulliver'sTravels.《格列佛游记》是斯威夫特最精彩的一部小说,全书分为四卷,它具有重大的社会意义,同时对人性的探索与揭示也是深刻的。5.InGulliver'sTravelsyoucanfindsuchthepropernamesas“Lilliput,”“Brobdingnag,”“Houyhnhnm”and“Yahoo”.“小人国,大人国”等名称都出现在乔纳森.斯威夫特《格列夫游记》中。6.InthefirstpartofGulliver'sTravels,GullivertoldhisexperienceinLilliput.InthesecondpartofGulliver'sTravels,GullivertoldhisexperienceinBrobdingnag.格列夫游记第一部中,格列夫讲述的是在小人国的经历。格列夫游记第二部中,格列夫讲述的是在大人国的经历。7.Asawhole,Gulliver'sTravelsisoneofthemosteffectiveanddevastatingcriticismsandsatiresofallaspectsinthethenEnglishandEuropeanlifesocially,politically,religiously,philosophically,scientifically,andmorally.总的来说,《格列夫游记》是最有效和最具破坏性的批评,也是对当时英国和欧洲生活各个方面社会,政治,宗教,哲学,科学和道德上的讽刺。8.AsoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose,JonathanSwiftdefinedagoodstyleas“properwordsinproperplaces.”作为英语散文的大师之一,乔纳森·斯威夫特认为好的语言风格是“在恰当的地方用恰当的词。”知识点4亨利.菲尔丁(“散文荷马”,“英国小说之父”)知识点概览:1.菲尔丁的写作风格,主要作品及地位2.菲尔丁的“散文体史诗”3.杰作《汤姆.琼斯》的地位,社会意义及语言风格知识点:1.TheCoffee-HousePolitician,Rasquin,TheTragedyofTragediesarewrittenbyHenryFielding.亨利.菲尔丁的主要作品有《咖啡屋的政治家》,《巴斯昆》,《悲剧中的悲剧》,《1736历史年鉴》。2.HenryFielding’sTheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundlingbringshimthenameof“ProseHomer”.Thepanoramicviewitprovidesisofthe18th-centuryEnglishcountry.《弃儿汤姆.琼斯》为费尔丁赢得了“散文荷马”的盛名。小说为读者提供了一幅英国18世纪乡村与城市的宏伟的全景图。(大题)3.HenryFielding’snovelTheHistoryofAmeliaisamasterpieceonthesubjectofthestoryoftheunfortunatelifeofanidealizedwoman,amaudlinpictureofthesociallifeatthetime.《阿米亚的故事》是以一个理想化的女人的不幸生活为题材的故事,反映了当时社会生活的伤感图景。4.HenryFieldingadoptedthethird-personnarrationtorelateastoryinanovel,inwhichtheauthorbecomesthe“all-knowingGod”.亨利·菲尔丁采用“第三人称叙述”,来讲述小说中的故事,其中作者成为“全知的上帝”。5.Ofalltheeighteenth-centurynovelists,HenryFieldingwasthefirsttosetout,bothintheoryandpractice,towritespecificallya“comicepicinprose”,thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.在十八世纪所有小说家中,亨利.菲尔丁第一个在理论与实践上创造了“散文体喜剧史诗”,并第一个为现代小说确立了结构和风格。(大题)6.Forhiscontributiontotheestablishmentoftheformofthemodernnovel,HenryFieldinghasbeenregardedas“FatheroftheEnglishNovel”.菲尔丁被一些人尊为“英国小说之父”,因为他为现代小说模式的创立作出很大贡献。问答题1.HowhasFieldingindeedachievedhisgoalofwriting“comicepicinprose”inTheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling?(2014.10)答案:A.TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundlingisgenerallyconsideredFielding’smasterpiece.TomJonesbringsitsauthorthenameofthe“ProseHomer.”(2分)B.Thepanoramicviewitprovidesofthe18th-century-Englishcountryandcitylifewithscoresofdifferentplacesandawholegalleyofabout40charactersissuperb.(2分)C.Thelanguageisoneofclarityandsuppleness.Andtheplotconstructionisexcellent.(2分)第三章浪漫主义时期本章重点:1.浪漫主义时期的文学特点和成就2.布莱克,华兹华斯和雪莱的诗歌以及奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》本章提示:华兹华斯和奥斯丁是本章的重中之重。知识点1浪漫主义时期时代背景1.浪漫主义时期的界定和历史文化背景2.华兹华斯LyricalBallads的出版标志着英国文学的浪漫主义时期的开始3.浪漫主义时期的主要诗人知识点:1.ThemajorRomanticpoetslikeBlake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,ShelleyandKeatsstartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.反对新古典主义的运动被称为诗界。2.InEnglishRomanticperiod“LakePoets”referstoRobertSouthey,SamuelTaylorColeridgeandWilliamWordsworth.英国浪漫主义时期湖畔诗人指:罗伯特.骚塞、柯尔律治和华兹华斯。3.ThemajorrepresentativesofthepoeticrevolutioninEnglishRomanticperiodwereSamuelTaylorColeridgeandWilliamWordsworth.英国浪漫主义时期诗歌的主要代表有柯尔律治和华兹华斯。知识点2威廉.布莱克(想象力,《天真之歌》、《经验之歌》)知识点概览:1.布莱克的主要作品及作者的创作思想;2.《天堂与地狱的结合》的社会背景,内容和地位;3.布莱克的两部诗集《天真之歌》和《经验之歌》的主题,社会意义以及其中《扫烟囱的小男孩》,《小羊羔》的选段赏析知识点:1.WilliamBlake’sMarriageofHeavenandHellcomposedduringtheclimaxoftheFrenchRevolutionplaysthedoublerolebothasasatireandarevolutionaryprophecy.威廉·布莱克在法国大的高潮期间创作的《天堂与地狱的结合》,扮演了讽刺和性预言的双重角色。2.The“marriage,”toBlack,meansthereconciliationofthecontraries,notthesubordinationoftheonetotheother.婚姻对布莱克意味着矛盾的调和,而并非一方从属于另一方。3.InMarriageofHeavenandHell,WilliamBlakeexplorestherelationshipofthecontraries.Attractionandrepulsion,reasonand第3页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★energy,loveandhate,arenecessarytohumanexistence.在《天堂与地狱的结合》中,威廉·布莱克探索了对立面之间的关系;吸引和排斥,原因和能量,爱与恨对人类的生存而言都是必要的。4.WilliamBlake’sMarriageofHeavenandHellmarkshisentryintomaturity.威廉·布莱克的《天堂与地狱的结合》,标志着他的作品进入成熟期。5.WilliamBlake’scentralconcernintheSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperienceischildhood,whichgivesthetwobooksastrongsocialandhistoricalreference.布莱克的两部诗集《天真之歌》和《经验之歌》中的作品,大多涉及儿童的生活和经历,如《扫烟囱的小男孩》,《小羊羔》等。(大题)6.WilliamBlake’sSongsofExperiencepaintsaworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytone.威廉·布莱克第一本诗集《经验之歌》以一种忧郁的语气描绘了一个充满悲伤,贫穷,疾病,战争与压迫的世界。(大题)7.TheworkSongsofInnocencebyWilliamBlakeisalovelyvolumeofpoems,presentingahappyworld,thoughnotwithoutitsevilsandsufferings.威廉·布莱克的《天真之歌》是一部诗集,呈现了一个虽然也不乏和痛苦,但是依然幸福的世界。(大题)8.Thedeclarationthat“IknowthatThisWorldisWorldofImagination&Vision”andthat“TheNatureofmyworkisvisionaryorimaginative.”belongstoWilliamBlake.布莱克热切得宣布:“我认为人世凡尘是一个充满想象与幻想的世界,我的作品也如人世凡尘一样充满想象与幻觉。9.“Whereintelligencewasfallible,limited,theImaginationwasourhopeofcontactwitheternalforces,withthewholespiritualworld.”wassaidbyWilliamBlake.布莱克说“当智力不可靠,有限的时候,想象力是我们与永恒的力量及整个精神世界接触的希望。阅读理解1.“BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,Andsmil’damongthewinter’ssnow;Theycloth’dmeintheclothesofdeath,Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.”(FromBlake’sChimneySweeperfromSongsofExperience)(2013.4)Questions:A.Whatdoes“heath”indicate?B.Whatdoes“theclothesofdeath”mean?C.Whatideadoesthepoemreveal?答案:A.uncultivatedlandcoveredwithshrubs.B.clothesindarkcolor.C.thepoemrevealsthetruenatureofreligionwhichhelpsbringmiserytothepoorchildren.问答题1.BrieflyintroduceBlake’sSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience.(2010.4)(2014.4)答案:A.TheSongsofInnocence(1809)isalovelyvolumeofpoems,presentingahappyandinnocentworld,thoughnotwithoutitsevilsandsufferings.(2分)B.HisSongsofExperience(1794)paintsadifferentworld,aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytone.(2分)C.ChildhoodiscentraltoBlake’sconcernintheSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience.(2分)知识点3威廉.华兹华斯(大自然的膜拜者)知识点概览:1.华兹华斯的主要作品,创作风格,对文学的贡献流云独自漫游》《写于威斯敏斯特桥上》知识点:1.TheleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetryandthefocalpoetic2.《抒情歌谣集》的地位3.诗歌赏析《孤独的收割者》《我好似一朵voiceoftheperiodisWilliamWordsworth.华兹华斯是英国诗歌史上的精英,是浪漫主义时期的杰出代表。2.Accordingtothesubjects,WilliamWordsworth’sshortpoemscanbeclassifiedintotwogroups,poemsaboutnatureandhumanlife.“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”,“AnEveningWalk”and“TinternAbbey”byWilliamWordswortharemasterpiecesonnature.按照主题,华兹华斯的短诗可分为两大类:关于自然的和关于人类生活的。《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》,《丁登寺》和《黄昏漫步》是他的自然诗歌。(大题)3.Wordsworth’sIWonderedLonelyasaCloudisperhapsthemostanthologizedpoeminEnglishliterature.华兹华斯的《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》可能是最多编入英国文学选集中的诗歌。4.WilliamWordsworth’smasterpieceisThePreludeinwhichhisphilosophyoflifeispresented.华兹华斯在他的代表作《序曲》中展现了他的人生哲学。5.TheworkrankedbymanycriticsasWilliamWordsworth’sgreatestworkwasLyricalBallads.《抒情诗歌谣》被许多评论家认为是华兹华斯最伟大的作品。华兹华斯与塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治合作的《抒情诗歌谣》象征着浪漫主义文学的开始。6.WilliamWordsworth’stheoryofpoetryiscallingforsimplethemesdrawnfromhumblelifeexpressedinthelanguageofordinarypeople.TheprefacetothesecondeditionofLyricalBalladsactsasamanifestoforthenewschoolandsetsforthhisowncriticalcreed.诗歌华兹华斯的诗歌理论是要求用普通人的语言,从卑微的生命中提取简单的主题。《抒情歌谣集》的第二版前言充当了新思想的宣言,并提出了自己的批评性的信条。7.AmongtheRomanticpoetsWilliamWordsworthisregardedasa“worshipperofnature”.在浪漫主义诗人中,华兹华斯被称为”大自然的膜拜者”。8.Withsomanypoemslike“TheSparrow’sNest,”“ToaSkylark,”“TotheCuckoo”“ToaButterfly,”WilliamWordsworthisregardedasa“worshiperofnature.”华兹华斯被视为“自然的崇拜者,”写的诗歌有“麻雀的巢”,“致云雀”,“致杜鹃”,“致蝴蝶”。9.ThemostimportantcontributionofWilliamWordsworthisthathenotonlystartedthemodernpoetry,butalsochangedthecourseofEnglishpoetrybyusingordinaryspeechofthelanguageandbyadvocatingareturntonature.华兹华斯对诗歌的巨大贡献在于开启了现代诗歌,开创了运用百姓生活语言写诗的新道路,并号召人们回归自然。(大题)10.WilliamWordsworthmaintainedthatthescenesandeventsofeverydaylifeandthespeechofordinarypeopleweretherawmaterialofwhichpoetrycouldandshouldbemade.华兹华斯强调诗歌创作最要紧的是把握真实素材的来源,他的创作理论的核心便是诗人应该“选用人们真正用的语言”来写“普通生活里的事件和情境”。11.PoetryisdefinedbyWilliamWordsworthas“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesinemotionrecollectedintranquility”.诗歌被华兹华斯定义为“强烈情感的自然流露,它起源于在平静中回忆起来的情感”。(大题)阅读理解1.“Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.”Questions:A.Whoisthepoetofthequotedstanza?Whatisthetitleofthepoem?第4页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★B.Whatdoes“thatinwardeye”standfor?C.Whatideadothesequotedlinescarry?(2012.7)(2013.7)答案:A.Wordsworth,“IwonderLonelyasaCloud”/Daffodils(1分)B.One’smind(1分)C.Theemptinessofthespeaker’sspiritistransformedintoafullnessoffeeling.Itisgreatblisstorecollectthebeautyofthenatureintranquility.(2分)问答题1.WhatareWilliamWordsworth’scontributionstotheEnglishliterature?(2014.10)答案:A.Wordsworth’sdeliberatesimplicityandrefusaltodecoratethetruthofexperienceproducedakindofpureandprofoundpoetrywhichnootherpoethaseverequaled.(2分)B.WilliamWordsworthistheleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry.Hisisavoiceofsearchinglycomprehensivehumanityandonethatinspireshisaudiencetoseetheworldfreshly,sympatheticallyandnaturally.(2分)C.Themostimportantcontributionhehasmadeisthathehasnotonlystartedthemodernpoetry,butalsochangedthecourseofEnglishpoetrybyusingordinaryspeechofthelanguageandbyadvocatingareturntonature(2分)知识点4珀西.雪莱(抒情诗《西风颂》)知识点概览:1.珀西.雪莱的主要作品,抒情诗及诗歌风格2.诗歌赏析《致英国人民》和《西风颂》知识点:1.OneofShelley’sgreatestpoliticallyricsisMenofEnglandwhichwaslatertobecomearallyingsongoftheBritishCommunistParty.雪莱最著名的政治抒情诗之一是《致英国人民》,这首诗在宪章运动时期成为广大工人的战歌。(大题)2.Shelley’spoliticallyricsMenofEnglandisnotonlyawarcrycallinguponallworkingpeopletoriseupagainsttheirpoliticaloppressors,butanaddresstothempointingouttheintolerableinjusticeofeconomicexploitation.雪莱的政治抒情诗《致英国人民》不仅是一种呐喊,呼吁全体劳动人民起来反抗他们的政治压迫者,而且是与他们的对话,指出了对经济剥削无法忍受的不公。(大题)3.“IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?”thequotedlinecomesfromShelley’sOdetotheWestWind.“冬天来了,春天还会远吗?”该行引述来自雪莱的《西风颂》(大题)4.Shelley’sOdetotheWestWindisthebestofalltheRomanticwell-knownlyricpieces.雪莱的《西风颂》是所有浪漫主义时期著名抒情诗中最好的一首。5.InTheCloud,ShelleycreatedaPlatonicsymbolofthespiritofman,aforceofbeautyandregeneration.在《云》这首诗中,雪莱创造了柏拉图式的人的精神,美丽与再生的力量。6.Shelley’sgreatestachievementishisfour-actpoeticdramaPrometheusUnbound,whichisanexultantworkinpraiseofhumankind’spotential.雪莱的最伟大的成就是他的四幕诗剧《了的普罗米修斯》,这是赞美人类潜能的佳作。阅读理解1.Wherefore,BeesofEngland,forgeManyaweapon,chain,andscourge,ThatthesestinglessdronesmayspoilTheforcedproduceofyourtoil?(2010.4)(2014.4)Questions:A.Identifythepoetandthepoemfromwhichthelinesaretaken.B.Whatdoyouknowaboutthepoem’swritingbackground?C.Whatdoyouthinkthepoetintendstosayinthepoem?答案:A.Shelley&ASong:MenofEngland.(1’)B.Thispoemwaswrittenin1819,theyearofthePeterlooMassacre(彼得卢).(1’)C.Itisnotonlyawarcrycallinguponallworkingpeopletoriseupagainsttheirpoliticaloppressors,butanaddresstothempointingouttheintolerableinjusticeofeconomicexploitation.(2’)2.“BesideapumiceisleinBaiae’sbay,AndsawinsleepoldpalacesandtowersQuiveringwithinthewave’sintenserday,AllovergrownwithazuremossandflowersSosweet,thesensefaintspicturingthem!ThouForwhosepaththeAtlantic’slevelpowers”(FromShelley’s“OdetotheWestWind”)(2010.7)Questions:A.Inwhatformisthepoemwritten?B.Whatdoesthequotation“thesensefaintspicturingthem”mean?C.WhatideadoesShelleyexpressinthispoem?答案:A.TheterzarimafromShelleyderivedfromhisreadingofDante.B.Seeingtheimagessobeautifulonefeelfainttodescribethem.C.Heeulogizesthepowerfulwestwindandexpresseshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromreality.知识点5简.奥斯汀(爱与婚姻,理智大于情感,《傲慢与偏见》)知识点概览:1.简奥斯汀对英国小说的贡献,主要作品,小说主题2.简.奥斯汀《傲慢与偏见》主题及故事情节。知识点:1.Becauseofhersensitivitytouniversalpatternsofhumanbehavior,JaneAustenhasbroughttheEnglishnovel,asanartform,toitsmaturity.由于她对人类行为的普遍模式十分敏感,奥斯汀使英国小说走向成熟。2.JaneAusten’sfirstnovelSenseandSensibilitytellsastoryabouttwosistersandtheirloveaffairs.简奥斯汀的第一部小说是《理智与情感》讲述了一对姐妹的恋爱经历。3.PrideandPrejudice,SenseandSensibilityandEmmaarewrittenbyJaneAusten.《理智与情感》、《傲慢与偏见》和《爱玛》都是简奥斯汀的作品。4.“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.”ThequotedlinesaretakenfromPrideandPrejudice.《傲慢与偏见》中家喻户晓的一句话是“这是一个众所周知的真理,一位单身,多金的男人一定需要一位妻子“。(大题)5.JaneAusten’spracticalidealismisthatloveshouldbejustifiedbyreasonanddisciplinedbyself-control.简·奥斯丁的实际理想主义是爱应该在理智和自我控制的引导下才合适,而她的作品也表现了她强调的理智高于情感。6.ThemajorthemeofJaneAusten’snovelsisloveandmarriageinwhichfemalecharactersarealwaysplayinganactivepart.简·奥斯汀的小说主题是爱与婚姻,其中女性都扮演着重要角色。7.JaneAusten’smainliteraryconcernisabouttheday-to-daycountrylifeoftheupper-middle-classEnglish.简·奥斯丁文学作品的主要关注点是英国乡村中上层的日常生活全貌。8.PrideandPrejudice,originallydraftedas“FirstImpressions”in1796,isthemostdelightfulofJaneAusten’sworks.Ourfirstimpression,accordingtoJaneAusten,areusuallywrong.《傲慢与偏见》原名《第一印象》是奥斯汀最出色的作品。奥斯汀认为人的第一印象总是有失偏颇的。(大题)问答题1.WhatisthethemeofJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudice?(2012.4)答案:PrideandPrejudice,originallydraftedas“FirstImpressions”in1796,isthemostdelightfulofJaneAusten’sworks.(3’)Thetitletellsofamajorconcernofthenovel:prideandprejudice.(3’)第5页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★第四章维多利亚时期本章重点:1.批判现实主义的文学特点以及自然主义的衍生2.狄更斯,夏洛蒂和哈代的写作风格和特点本章提示:狄更斯的作品和写作风格容易出简答和论述题。知识点1维多利亚时期时代背景1.维多利亚时期小说成为进步思想的重要表现形式。2.维多利亚时期的诗歌特点:具有风格标新,表达立异的特点。知识点:1.IntheVictorianPeriod,novelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.在维多利亚时期,小说最广泛的被人们阅读,并且成为对进步思想的最重要和具有挑战性的表现形式。2.Englandwasthe“workshopoftheworld”,theearlyyearswasatimeofrapideconomicdevelopmentaswellasserioussocialproblemsandtowardsthemid-century,EnglandhadreacheditshighestpointofdevelopmentasaworldpowerarecharacteristicsoftheVictorianperiod.维多利亚时期的时代特点是:英国成为“世界工厂”;早期既出现经济的快速发展,也带来严重的社会问题;在接近本世纪中叶,英国作为世界强国遥遥领先。知识点2查尔斯.狄更斯(人物描写)知识点概览:1.查尔斯.狄更斯作品的批判现实主义思想主题及创作手法,艺术特色2.查尔斯.狄更斯《雾都孤儿》主题及故事情节及风格。知识点:1.CharlesDickensisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge.查理斯·狄更斯是维多利亚时期伟大的批判现实主义作家之一。他的早期作品有OliverTwist,NicholarsNickleby,ThepickwickPaper,DavidCopperfield等。2.InCharlesDickens’workHardTimes,theUtilitarianprinciplerulesovertheEnglisheducationsystemanddestroysyoungheartsandminds.在狄更斯的作品《艰难时世》中,功利主义原则主导了英国教育体系并且摧毁了年轻人的心灵。3.Dickensattacksthedehumanizingworkhousesystemandthedark,criminalunderworldlifeinOliverTwist.狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》反映当时丧失人性的济贫院体系和犯罪。4.Dickens’sfirstchildheroisOliverTwist.狄更斯第一个儿童英雄是《雾都孤儿》中的奥利弗·特维斯特。5.ThemostdistinguishingfeatureofCharlesDickens’worksischaracter-portrayal.狄更斯的作品最显著的特点是人物描写。6.Dickens’bestdepictedcharactersarethoseinnocent,virtuous,persecutedandhelplesschildcharacters,horribleandgrotesquecharacters,broadlyhumorousorcomicalcharacters.狄更斯最善于描绘的人物有天真,善良,和无助的孩子;恐怖和怪诞的人物;还有幽默或滑稽人物。(大题)7.CharlesDickens’worksarecharacterizedbyaminglingofhumorandpathos.狄更斯的作品还有一个特点,是将幽默与哀伤的泪水交汇起来。8.InDickens’laterworks:therearefewerjokesandthecomedybecomesharsher;thenovelsareofgreatcompactnessandconcentration;mostoftheworkspresentacriticismofthemorecomplicatedandyetmostfundamentalsocialInstitutionsandmoralsofVictorianEngland.狄更斯后期的作品背景比较复杂;故事结构更紧凑。这一时期的大部分小说更加严厉的批判了更为复杂但最根基的社会机构和英国维多利亚时代的道德,这些作品包括《双城记》,《荒凉山庄》,《小多利特》,《艰难时世》和《远大前程》。早期的乐观情绪也不复存在。9.InLittleDorrit,oneofDickens’laterworks,Dickenspresentsacriticismofthegovernmentalbrancheswhichrunanindefiniteprocedureofmanagementofaffairsandkeeptheinnocentinprisonforlife.在狄更斯后期作品《小多利特》中,他表达了对不遵循固定规章制度管理事务并把无辜者送进监狱的机构的批判。问答题1.WhatarethecharacteristicsofCharlesDickens’characterportrayal?(2013.4)(2013.7)答案:A.Thechildcharacters:innocent,virtuous,persecutedandhelpless,suchasOliverTwist,LittleNell,DavidCopperfield…B.HorribleandgrotesquecharacterslikeFagin,BillSikes,andQuilp…知识点3夏洛特.勃朗特(家庭女教师,《简爱》)知识点概览:1.夏洛特.勃朗特的主要作品,主题及创作风格2.小说《简爱》主题思想与人物塑造,故事情节,选段及人物性格分析。3.艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》也考查过简答题知识点:1.CharlotteBrontё’sJaneEyreisnotedforitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety,e.g.thereligioushypocrisyofcharityinstitutions.夏洛蒂·勃朗特《简爱》以对当时社会尖锐的批评而闻名于世,比如:慈善机构的宗教虚伪性。2.“Doyouthink,becauseIampoor,obscure,plain,andlittle,Iamsoullessandheartless?...AndifGodhadgiftedmewithsomebeauty,andmuchwealth,Ishouldhavemadeitashardforyoutoleaveme,asitisnowformetoleaveyou.”ThequotedlinesaremostprobablytakenfromJaneEyre.“难道你认为,因为我一贫如洗,默默无闻,长相平平,矮小,我就没有灵魂没有心吗?...如果上帝赐予我一点姿色和充足的财富,我会让你难以离开我,就像现在我难以离开你一样。”以上引语出自《简爱》。夏洛蒂的第二部小说《简爱》问世后立即大获成功。(大题)3.CharlotteBronte’sautobiographicalworkVillettelargelybasedonherexperienceinBrussels.夏洛蒂·勃朗特的自传体作品《维莱特》主要是基于她在布鲁塞尔的经验。4.ThesuccessofJaneEyreisalsoduetoitsintroductiontotheEnglishnovelthefirstgovernessheroine.《简爱》的成功在于首次把家庭女教师作为主角引入英国小说。5.TheworksofCharlotteBrontearefamousforthedepictionofthelifeofthemiddle-classworkingwomen,particularlygovernesses.夏洛特.勃朗特的小说以塑造中产阶级职业女性,尤其是家庭女教师形象而著称。(大题)6.CharlotteBronte’sworksareallaboutthestruggleofanindividualconsciousnesstowardsself-realization,aboutsomelonelyandneglectedyoungwomenwithafiercelongingforlove,understandingandafull,happylife.夏洛蒂的作品主题几乎都是个人自觉地为实现自我价值而奋斗,都是有关一些孤独而卑微的少女对爱情,理解与完整幸福的生活的强烈渴求。(大题)话题讨论1.MakeacommentonthecharacterofJaneEyre,theheroineofthenovelbyCharlotteBronte.(2011.4)答案:A.JaneEyreisanorphanchildwithafieryspiritandalongingforloveandbeloved.(3分)B.Sheisapoor,plain,littlegovernesswhodarestolovehermasterandcutsacompletelynewwomanimage.(3分)C.JaneEyrerepresentthosemiddle-classworkingwomenwhoare第6页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★strugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasahumanbeing.(4分)语言错误酌情扣分。知识点4托马斯.哈代(以角色与环境为纲,自然主义作家)知识点概览:1.托马斯.哈代的主要作品,主题,语言风格及对其文学的贡献2.哈代小说中环境,氛围描述与人物内心世界的展示3.托马斯.哈代《德伯家的苔丝》的创作主题及选段知识点:1.ThomasHardy’slocal-coloredworksincludeTheTrumpetMajor,TheReturnoftheNative,TheWoodlanders;alsoknownas“novelsofcharacterandenvironment”.托马斯.哈代晚年的作品最富地方色彩,如《还乡》,《号兵长》,《卡斯特桥》,《林地居民》,《德伯家的苔丝》与《无名的裘德》这些作品便是著名的“角色与环境为纲的小说”。(大题)2.FromTheReturnoftheNativeon,thetragicsensebecomesthekeynoteofThomasHardy’snovels,theconflictbetweenthetraditionalandthemodernisbroughttothecenterofthestage.从《还乡》开始,悲剧意识成为托马斯·哈代小说的主旨,传统与现代之间的冲突成为焦点。(大题)3.ThomasHardyrevealtheconflictbetweenthetraditionalandthemoderninTheMayorofCasterbridge,TessoftheD'UrbervillesandJudetheObscure.哈代的小说中揭露了传统与现代冲突的作品有《卡斯特桥》,《德伯家的苔丝》与《无名的裘德》。4.ThomasHardy’smostcheerfulandidyllicworkisUndertheGreenwoodTree.托马斯·哈代的最愉快,最田园诗般的作品是《绿树林下》。5.Hardy’sTessoftheD’UrbervillesisafierceattackonthehypocriticalmoralityofthebourgeoissocietyandthecapitalistinvasionintothecountryanddestructionoftheEnglishpeasantrytowardstheendofthecentury.《德伯家的苔丝》抨击了当时扭曲人性的虚伪道德及破坏乡村宁静的资本主义价值观。(大题)6.ThetragicsenseturnsintodespairinThomasHardy’sJudetheObscure,wherecorneredbythetraditionalsocialmorality,theheroandtheheroinehavetokilltheirownwillandpassionandreturntotheirformerdestructivewayoflife.在托马斯·哈代的《无名的裘德》中,悲剧性变成绝望,由于被传统的社会道德逼得走投无路,男主人公和女主人公不得不灭掉自己的意志和激情,回到他们以前毁灭性的生活方式。(大题)7.ThomasHardy’spessimisticviewoflifepredominatesmostofhislaterworksandearnshimareputationasanaturalisticwriter.托马斯·哈代悲观的人生观主导了大部分他晚期的作品,并给他赢得了自然主义作家的声誉。8.ThomasHardy’sworksknownas“novelsofcharacterandenvironment”arethemostrepresentativesofhimasbothanaturalisticandacriticalrealistwriter.托马斯.哈代的作品被誉为“人物与环境小说”,最好的代表了作者自然主义与批判主义的写作特点。(大题)9.InThomasHardy’sWessexnovels,thereisanapparentnostalgictouchinhisdescriptionofthesimpleandbeautifulthoughprimitiverurallife.在哈代的威塞克斯小说中,他对尽管简陋但是简单、美丽的乡村生活的描述中有一种明显的怀旧情怀。(大题)阅读理解1.Still,itwasstrangethattheyshouldhavecometoherwhileyetsoyoung;morethanstrange,itwasimpressive,interesting,pathetic.Notguessingthecause,therewasnothingtoremindhimthatexperienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration.Tess’spassingcorporealblighthadbeenhermentalharvest.(2014.10)Questions:A.Identifytheauthorandthetitleofthenovelfromwhichthispassageistaken.B.Whodoes“him”referto?C.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassagemean?答案:A.FromThomasHardy’sTessoftheD’urbervilles(1分)B.AngelClare.(1分)C.ItmeansthatthecorporealsufferingthatTesshasexperiencedmakesherspirituallymaturebeforeherage.(2分)问答题1.ThomasHardyisoftenregardedasatransitionalwriter.Somecriticsbelievethatheisemotionallytraditionalandintellectuallyadvanced.Howdoyouunderstandthisidea?(2010.7)答案:A.InHardy’snovel,thereisanapparentnostalgictouchindescriptionofthesimpleandbeautifulthoughprimitiverurallife,whichwasgraduallydeclininganddisappearinginEnglandatthetime.Heisalwayssympatheticwiththosetraditionalcharactersandmournsovertheirfailureandmisfortune.B.Ontheotherhand,hewasgreatlyinfluencedbyDarwin’stheoryof“survivalofthefittest”,andothermodernphilosophicalthoughts,whichledtohispessimisticdeterminismornaturalisminfiction.话题讨论Writenolessthan150wordsoneachofthefollowingtopicsinEnglishinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.1.WhyisHardyregardedasanaturalisticwriterinEnglishliterature?Discussinrelationtohisnovelsyouknow.(2010.4)答案:A.HereadDarwin’sTheOriginofSpeciesandacceptedtheideaof“survivalofthefittest.”HewasalsoinfluencedbySpencer’sTheFirstPrinciple,whichledhimtothebeliefthatman’sfateispredeterminedtragic,drivenbyacombinedforceof“nature,”bothinsideandoutside.Inhisworks,manisshowninevitablyboundbyhiswoninherentnatureandhereditarytraitswhichprompthimtogoandsearchforsomespecifichappinessorsuccessandsethiminconflictwiththeenvironment.ManprovesimpotentbeforeFate,howeverhetries,andheseldomescapeshisordaineddestiny.ThispessimisticviewoflifepredominatesmostofHardy’slaterworksandearnshimareputationasanaturalisticwriter.B.Hisbestlocal-coloredworksarehislaterones,suchasTheReturnoftheNative(1878),TheTrumpetMajor(1880),TheMayorofCasterbridge(1886),TheWoodlanders(1887),TessoftheD’UrbervillesandJudetheObscure.Theseworks,knownas“novelsofcharacterandenvironment,”arethemostrepresentativeofhimasbothanaturalisticandacriticalrealistwriter.第五章现代时期本章重点:1.英国现代文学中的不同流派以及各流派的代表作家2.萧伯纳和艾略特的写作风格和主要成就。本章提示:现代主义文学的特点可能以论述题的形式考查;作品选读中出现艾略特作品的可能较大。知识点1乔治.萧伯纳(仅次于莎翁的戏剧大师)知识点概览:1.萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张2.萧伯纳的戏剧创作:(1)早期主要作品:《鳏夫的房产》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂坦》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》(2)中期作品:《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》、《皮格马利翁》(3)晚期作品:《伤心之家》、《回到麦修色拉》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》3.萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义4.《华伦夫人的职业》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义5.选读:所选作品的主要内容、人物塑造、语言特点、艺术手法等知识点:1.GeorgeBernardShawisconsideredtobethebest-knownEnglishdramatistsinceShakespeare.萧伯纳在戏剧方面被公认为自莎士比第7页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★亚后,英国最优秀的戏剧大师。2.Asacriticofmusicanddrama,GeorgeBernardShawheldthatartshouldservesocialpurposesbyreflectinghumanlife,revealingsocialcontradictionsandeducatingthecommonpeople.作为一名音乐和戏剧评论家,萧伯纳主张艺术应该为社会服务,反映人的生活与社会矛盾并教育寻常百姓。(大题)3.ThetypicalrepresentativesofGeorgeBernardShawareWidowers’HouseandMrs.Warren’sProfession.乔治·萧伯纳典型代表作是《华伦夫人的职业》和《鳏夫的房产》。4.Writtenin13butpublished5yearslater,Mrs.Warren’sProfessionisaplayabouttheeconomicoppressionofwomen.萧伯纳的戏剧《华伦夫人的职业》,写于13,但却在5年以后出版,主题是对妇女们经济上的压迫。(大题)5.GeorgeBernardShaw’sWidowers’Houseisagrotesquelyrealisticexposureofslumlandlordism.萧伯纳的《鳏夫的房产》是对贫民窟地主荒唐地真实揭露。6.GeorgeBernardShaw’splayTooTruetoBeGoodshowshisalmostnihilisticbitternessonthesubjectsofthecrueltyandmadnessofWorldWarIandtheaimlessnessanddisillusionoftheyoung.萧伯纳的作品《难以置信》主题是对残忍疯狂的战近乎虚无主义的嘲讽和对幻灭失落的青年一代的忧伤。7.GeorgeBernardShaw’splayCandidaestablishedhispositionastheleadingplaywrightofhistime.乔治·萧伯纳的《康蒂妲》奠定了他当时代主要剧作家的地位。8.BernardShawwrotequiteafewhistoryplays,inwhichhekeptaneyeonthecontemporarysociety.TheimportantplaysofthisgroupareCaesarandCleopatraandSt.Joan.萧伯纳写了不少历史剧,其中他密切关注当代社会。比较重要的有《凯撒和克莉奥帕特拉》(18)和《圣女贞德》(1923).9.InBernardShaw’splaysBacktoMethuselahandManandSuperman,heexploreshisideaof“LifeForce,”thepowerthatwouldcreatesuperiorbeingstobeequaltoGodandtosolveallthesocial,moral,andmetaphysicalproblemsofhumansociety.在萧伯纳的戏剧《回到马修撒拉时代》和《人与超人》中,他探讨了他的“生命的力量”的想法,即等同于上帝的创造更高级的存在的力量以及解决人类社会所有社会,道德和形而上学的问题的力量。10.MuchofShaviandramaisconstructedaroundtheinversionofaconventionaltheoreticalsituation.萧伯纳的大部分戏剧都是通过传统理论而构思出来的。阅读理解1.MRS.WARREN.[afterlookingatherhelplessly,beginstowhimper]VivieVTVIE.[springingupsharply]Nowpraydon’tbegintocry.Anythingbutthat.Ireallycannotstandwhimpering.Iwillgooutoftheroomifyoudo.MRS.WARREN.[piteously]Oh,mydarling,howcanyoubesohardonme?HaveInorightsoveryouasyourmother?VTVIE.Areyoumymother?MRS.WARREN.[appalled]AmIyourmother!Oh,Vivie!VTVIE.Thenwhereareourrelatives?myfather?ourfamilyfriends?Youclaimtherightsofamother:therighttocallmefoolandchild;tospeaktomeasnowomaninauthorityovermeatcollegedarespeaktome;todictatemywayoflife;andtoforceonmetheacquaintanceofabrutewhomanyonecanseetobethemostvicioussortofLondonmanabouttown.BeforeIgivemyselfthetroubletoresistsuchclaims,Imayaswellfindoutwhethertheyhaveanyrealexistence.(2012.4)Questions:A.Identifytheauthorandthetitleoftheplayfromwhichthepartistaken.(1’)B.Summarizethethemeoftheplayinoneortwosentences.(1’)C.WhatkindofpersonistheprotagonistVivie?(2’)答案:A.GeorgeBernardShaw,Mrs.Warren’sprofession.B.Theplayisabouttheeconomicoppressionofwomen.C.Vivieisakindofnewwoman,intelligentandwelleducated,withastrongsenseofinjusticeandapassionfor“honest”work.知识点2T.S.艾略特(意识流)知识点概览:1.艾略特的主要诗歌作品《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》《荒原》《圣灰星期三》《四个四重奏》2.艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义;戏剧及艺术成就3.艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学的影响4.《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义5.选读:《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》的主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等知识点:1.T.S.EliotwontheNobelPrizeofLiteraturein1948.T.S.Eliot在1948年获得诺贝尔文学奖。2.T.S.Eliot’smostimportantsinglepoemTheWasteLandhasbeenhailedasalandmarkandamodelofthe20th-centuryEnglishpoetry.T.S.Eliot的《荒原》的出版,可以看作是20世纪英国文学现代主义时期的开端,具有划时代的意义。3.T.S.Eliot’sTheWasteLandnotonlypresentsapanoramaofphysicaldisorderandspiritualdesolationinthemodernWesternworld,butalsoreflectstheprevalentmoodofdisillusionmentanddespairofawholepost-wargeneration.T.S.Eliot的《荒原》不仅全面展现了现代西方社会物质上的错乱和精神上的颓败,而且也反映出战后一代人中盛行的幻灭与绝望。(大题)4.TheWasteLandbyT.S.Eliotisapoemconcernedwiththespiritualbreakupofamoderncivilizationinwhichhumanlifehaslostitsmeaning,significanceandpurpose.《荒原》一诗的主题是表现现代文明中人们精神的堕落与崩溃,人生已失去了意义与目的。(大题)5.T.SEliot’spoem“Gerontion”isheavilyindebtedtoJamesJoyceintermsofthestream-of-consciousnesstechnique,alsoapreludetoTheWasteLand.“小老头”一诗很大程度上效仿了乔伊斯的意识流手法,而且艾略特在以后的创作中也大量运用了意识流,并且为《荒原》一书开篇。6.T.S.Eliot’s“Gerontion”isapoemofdramaticmonologueandapreludetoTheWasteLand,helpingtopointupthecontinuityofEliot’sthinking.艾略特的“小老头“一诗采用戏剧独白,并且为《荒原》一书开篇,强调了艾略特思想的连续性。7.T.S.Eliot’smoststrikingearlyachievement“TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock”isinaformofdramaticmonologue.他的第一首重要诗作“J·阿尔弗瑞德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌”于1915年问世,全诗的形式是戏剧独白。(大题)8.“TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock”,Eliot’smoststrikingearlyachievement,presentsthemeditationofanagingyoungmanoverthebusinessofproposingmarriage.他的第一首重要诗作“J·阿尔弗瑞德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌“于1915年问世,描述的是一位羞涩的中年男人对求婚的思考。(大题)9.T.S.Eliot’sTheHollowMenbearingastrongthematicresemblancetoTheWasteLand,isgenerallyregardedasthedarkestofEliot’spoems.《空洞的人》在主题上十分近似《荒原》,是艾略特最黑暗的诗。10.T.S.Eliot’sMurderintheCathedralisthebestofhisplaysinthesensethatitcontainsthebestpoetryandthemostcoherentdrama.艾第8页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★略特的《大教堂谋杀案》是他最好的诗剧,因为其中包含了他最好的诗和最连贯的戏剧。11.T.S.Eliot’smostpopularverseplayisMurderintheCathedral.艾略特最脍炙人口的韵文戏剧是《大教堂谋杀案》。12.Asanimportantprosewriter,inhisfamousessay,TraditionandIndividualTalentEliotputgreatemphasisontheimportanceoftraditionbothincreativewritingandincriticism.在著名散文“传统与个人天才”中,他强调传统对创作与评论两方面的重要作用。阅读理解:1.Letusgothen,youandI,WhentheeveningisspreadoutagainsttheskyLikeapatientetherizeduponatable;Letusgo,throughcertainhalf-desertedstreets,ThemutteringretreatsOfrestlessnightsinone-nightcheaphotelsAndsawdustrestaurantswithoyster-shells:(Thelinesabovearetakenfrom“TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock”byT.SEliot.)Questions:A.Whatdoesthepoempresent?B.Whatformisthepoemcomposedin?C.Whatdoesthepoemsuggest?(2010.4)(2014.4)答案:A.Itpresentsthemeditationofanagingyoungmanoverthebusinessofproposingmarriage.B.dramaticmonologue.C.Thepoemisinaformofdramaticmonologue,suggestinganironiccontrastbetweenapretended“LoveSong”andaconfessionofthespeaker’sincapabilityoffacinguptoloveandtolifeinasterileupper-classworld.问答题:1.TheWasteLandisT.S.Eliot’smostimportantsinglepoem.What’sthethemeofthepoem?(2011.7)答案:ThethemeofTheWasteLand:TheWasteLandisapoemconcernedwiththespiritualbreakupofamoderncivilizationinwhichhumanlifehaslostitsmeaning,significanceandpurpose.Thepoemhasdevelopedawholesetofhistorical,culturalandreligiousthemes;butitisoftenregardedasbeingprimarilyareflectionofthe20th-centurydisillusionmentandfrustrationinasterileandfutilesociety.知识点3D.H.劳伦斯(心理学主题)知识点概览:1.劳伦斯的创作思想,作品,主要艺术特色及社会意义2.劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响3.劳伦斯的作品《儿子与情人》、《虹》、《恋爱中的女人》,其中《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义知识点:1.D.H.Lawrencewasoneofthefirstnoveliststointroducethemesofpsychologyintohisworks.D.H.劳伦斯是第一个将心理学主题带入作品的小说家。(大题)2.D.H.Lawrence’sautobiographicalnovelisSonsandLovers.《儿子与情人》是他的自传体作品。该作品出版后,他才确立了杰出小说家的地位。(大题)3.D.H.Lawrence’sautobiographicalnovel,SonsandLoversshowstheconflictbetweentheearthy,coarse,energeticbutoftendrunkenfatherandtherefined,strong-willedandup-climbingmother.劳伦斯的自传体小说《儿子与情人》,展示了粗俗的,精力充沛但经常醉酒的父亲和有教养的,意志坚强且积极上进的母亲之间的冲突。4.D.H.Lawrence’snovelsTheRainbowandWomeninLovearegenerallyregardedashismasterpieces.劳伦斯的《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》被认为是他的代表作。5.SymbolismandcomplexnarrativeareemployedmorerichlyinD.H.Lawrence’sTheRainbowandWomeninLove,whicharegenerallyregardedashismasterpieces.象征主义和复杂的叙述在劳伦斯《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》中得到了更加丰富的运用,因此被认为是他的代表作。6.D.H.Lawrence’sWomeninLoveisaremarkablenovelinwhichtheindividualconsciousnessissubtlyrevealedandstrandsofthemesareintricatelywoundup.劳伦斯的《恋爱中的女人》是一部了不起的小说,其中个人意识被巧妙地揭示并且不同题材被错综复杂的编制在一起。7.InD.H.Lawrence’snovelWomeninLove,Lawrencedeclaredthatanyrepressionofthesexualimpulsebasedonsocial,religious,ormoralvaluesofthecivilizedworldwouldcauseseveredamagetotheharmonyofhumanandthepsychichealthoftheindividual’spersonality.在劳伦斯的《恋爱中的女人》中,他宣布,基于文明世界的社会,宗教或道德价值的任何对性冲动的压抑都会对人类的和谐与个人的人格心理健康造成严重损害。8.D.H.Lawrence’snovelWomeninLoveisregardedtobeamoreprofoundlyorderednovelthananyotherwrittenbyLawrence.劳伦斯的《恋爱中的女人》被认为比其他任何劳伦斯的小说更深刻的,更有序。9.TheplaysACollier’sFridayNight,TheDaughter-in–LawandTheWidowingofMrs.Holroyedareknownas“theLawrencetrilogy”.劳伦斯的三部戏剧作品,称为“劳伦斯三部曲”,这三部戏是《矿工的周五夜晚》,《儿媳》以及《守寡的霍尔罗伊德夫人》,这三部作品的背景都是诺丁汉姆郡的工人阶级。10.WrittenoutofD.H.Lawrence’triptoAustralia,KangaroogivesarichportrayaloftheAustralianlifeandscenery;butthesubjectisaboutthestruggleforleadershipinmarriageaswellasinpolitics.以D.H.劳伦斯的澳洲之行为题材的《袋鼠》提供了在澳大利亚的生活和风景的丰富写照;但是其主题是关于争夺在婚姻和政治上的领导地位。InLadyChatterley'sLover,LawrencehasreturnedtohisearlysubjectsandbackgroundofNottinghamshire.11.D.H.Lawrence’sartistictendencyismainlyrealism,whichcombinesdramaticsceneswithanauthoritativecommentary.劳伦斯继承了现实主义创作手法将戏剧化情节与权威性的评说结合起来。(大题)12.ThemajorconcernofD.H.Lawrencefictionliesinthetracingofthepsychologicaldevelopmentofhischaractersandinhisenergeticcriticismofthedehumanizingeffectofthecapitalistindustrializationonhumannature.劳伦斯小说的主要探究他小说中人物心理发展,以及资本主义工业化对人性的非人性化影响的有力抨击。(大题)话题讨论:1.DiscussbrieflythewritingsofD.H.LawrenceinthematicconcernsandartistictendencywithreferencetoSonsandLovers.(2013.7)答案:LawrenceisoneofthegreatestEnglishnovelistsofthe20thcentury.Themajorcharacteristicsofhisnovelarethathecombinedsocialcriticismwithpsychologicalexplorationinhisnovelwriting.Hewasnotconcernedwithtechnicalinnovations;hisinterestlaysinthetracingofpsychologicaldevelopmentofhischaracterandinhisenergeticcriticismofthedehumanizingeffectofthecapitalistindustrializationonhumannature.①Thetheme:Inhiswritings,Lawrencehasexpressedastrongreactionagainstthemechanicalcivilization.②Lawrence’sinfluencetomodernandcontemporaryEnglishliterature:Hewasoneofthefirstnoveliststointroducethemesofpsychologyintohisworks.③Lawrence’sartistictendencyismainlyrealism,whichcombinesdramaticsceneswithanauthoritativecommentary.④Inpresentingthepsychologicalaspectsofhischaracters,Lawrencemakesuseofpoeticimaginationandsymbolisminhiswriting.第9页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★第二部分美国文学第一章浪漫主义时期本章重点:1.美国浪漫主义文学的特点和发展2.霍桑,惠特曼和梅尔维尔的创作思想和风格。本章提示:惠特曼的创作思想和风格及其作品是本章的重点知识点1纳撒尼尔·霍桑(心理描写、象征手法,罪恶)知识点概览:1.霍桑的创作主涯及主要作品及贡献2.《红字》的主题、心理描写、象征手法和小说结构3.霍桑的清教主义思想及加尔文教条中的“原罪”对霍桑的影响(人性本恶的观点)4.选读《小伙子布朗》的主题结构、象征手法及语言特色知识点:1.Hawthornehasa“black”visionoflifeandhumanbeing,whichaccountforthefactthatinalmosteverybookhewrote,Hawthornediscussessinandevil.霍桑写的每一本小说几乎都在讨论罪与恶。因为他认为,人人内心都有。(大题)2.In1837,NathanielHawthornepublishedTwice-ToldTales,acollectionofshortstorieswhichattractedcriticalattention.1837年,霍桑出版了《故事重述》,是一系列短篇小说,并且受到了批判性的关注。3.TheworkssuchasMossesfromanOldManseandTheSnow-ImageandOtherTwice-ToldTalesdemonstrateHawthorne’searlyobsessionwithmoralandpsychologicalconsequencesofpride,selfishnessandsecretguiltthatmanifestthemselvesinhumanbeing.《古宅青苔》和《雪像》和《其他故事新编》证明霍桑早期对道德和人性的骄傲,自私和内疚的心理影响的痴迷。4.WiththescarletletterAasthebiggestsymbolofall,Hawthorneproveshimselftobeoneofthebestsymbolists.《红字》是霍桑的代表作,讲述的是四个生活在清教社区以不同方式犯有通奸罪的故事,情节简单,但内容感人。字母A呈现出最大的象征意义,是霍桑象征主义手法的典型。(大题)5.AsakeytothewholenovelofTheScarletLetter,theletterAtakesondifferentlayersofsymbolicmeanings.TheambiguityisoneofthesalientcharacteristicsofHawthorne’sart.作为小说《红字》的关键要素,字母A呈现出不同层次的象征意义。模糊性是霍桑艺术的显著特点之一。(大题)6.TheHouseoftheSevenGableswasbasedonthetraditionofacursepronouncedonNathanielHawthorne’sfamilywhenhisgreat-grandfatherwasajudgeintheSalemwitchcrafttrials.《有七个尖角阁楼的房子》是以一个传说为基础的,当霍桑的曾祖父在塞勒姆巫术审判担任法官的时候,他的家人受到了诅咒。7.InmanyofHawthorne’sstoriesandnovels,thePuritanconceptoflifeiscondemned,especiallyinhisThehouseoftheSevenGablesandTheScarletLetter.在许多霍桑的故事和小说中,尤其是《有七个尖角阁楼的房子》和《红字》,清教徒的生活观念遭到了谴责。8.TheBlithedaleRomanceisanovelHawthornewrotetorevealhisownexperiencesontheBrookFarmandhisownmethodsasapsychologicalnovelist.霍桑的《福谷传奇》是一部透露了他在布鲁克农场的经历和他作为心理小说家的一些方法的小说。9.TheMarbleFaunbyNathanielHawthorne,aromancesetinItaly,isconcernedaboutthedarkaberrationsofthehumanspirit.纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《大理石雕像》,一个以意大利为背景的传奇故事,是关于人的精神的黑暗和扭曲的。10.“TheBirthmark”driveshomesymbolicallyHawthorne’spointthatevilisman’sbirthmark,somethingheisbornwith.在《胎记》中他一针见血地指出就是人类与生俱来的胎记。11.AccordingtoNathanielHawthorne,“Thereisevilineveryhumanheart,whichmayremainlatent,perhaps,throughthewholelife;butcircumstancesmayrouseittoactivity.”霍桑认为,人人内心都有,这种也许一生都潜藏在内心,但在一定的条件下就表现出来。(大题)12.Compelledbyanunceasinginterestinthe“interioroftheheart”ofman’sbeing,Hawthornediscussessinandevilinalmosteverybookhewrote.受到对“内心”的兴趣的不断强迫,霍桑几乎在每本他写的书中都讨论罪与恶。(大题)13.Hawthorne’sintellectualsareusuallyvillains,dreadfulbecausetheyaredevoidofwarmthandfeeling.霍桑笔下的知识分子通常是恶棍,非常可怕,因为他们缺乏温暖和感觉。14.Toagreatextent,Hawthorne’sviewofmanandhumanhistoryoriginatesinPuritanism.霍桑对人及人类历史的观点来自于清教徒主义。(大题)15.NathanielHawthornewasaffectedbyR.W.Emerson’stranscendentalisttheoryandstruckupaveryintimaterelationshipwithhim.霍桑受了爱默生的超验主义理论的影响并与他建立了非常亲密的关系。16.Hawthorne'sliteraryworldturnsouttobeamostdisturbed,tormentedandproblematicalonepossibletoimagine.阅读理解1.“PoorlittleFaith!”thoughthe,forhisheartsmotehim.“WhatawretchamI,toleaveheronsuchanerrand!Shetalksofdreams,too.Methought,asshespoke,therewastroubleinherface,asifadreamhadwarnedherwhatworkistobedonetonight.Butno,no;’twouldkillhertothinkit.Well;she’sablessedangelonearth;andafterthisonenight,I’llclingtoherskirtsandfollowhertoheaven.”Questions:A.Identifytheauthorandthetitleoftheworkfromwhichtheaboveexcerptistaken.B.Whatdoes“he”refertointheexcerptandwhatisheabouttodotonight?C.Brieflydescribethecharacter’sfeelings.(2013.7)答案:A.YoungGoodmanBrownbyHawthorne.B.GoodmanBrown,hedecidestoleavehiswifeFaithwhopleadshimnottogo,toattendawitches'Sabbathinthewoods.C.…问答题:1.PleasediscussHawthorn’ssymbolisminhismasterpieceTheScarletLetter.(2014.10)答案:A.Thesymbolcanbefoundeverywhereinhiswriting,andhismasterpieceprovidesthemostconclusiveproof.(2分)B.ByusingPearlasathematicsymbol,Hawthorneemphasizestheconsequencethesinofadulteryhasbroughttothecommunityandpeoplelivinginthecommunity.(2分)C.Asakeytothewholenovel,theletter“A”takesondifferentlayersofsymbolicmeaningsastheplotdevelops,butpeoplecomeupwithdifferentinterpretationsandtheydonotknowwhichoneisdefinite.(2分)知识点2沃尔特·惠特曼(个人主义,自由诗)知识点概览:1.惠特曼的《草叶集》的主创意图、思想感情及诗体形式、语言风格2.惠特曼的个人主义3.选读《草叶集》诗选:\"一个孩子的成长\"、\"自我之歌\"的主题结构、诗歌的艺术特色、语言风格知识点:1.TheauthorofLeavesofGrass,agiantofAmericanletters,isWhitman.惠特曼是美国文学巨匠,《草叶集》是他的作品。第10页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★2.Asapoetwithastrongsenseofmission,WaltWhitmandevotedallhislifetothecreationofthe“single”poem,LeavesofGrass.作为一个有使命感的诗人,惠特曼倾注自己一生的精力到《草叶集》的创作中。3.WaltWhitman’sLeavesofGrasshasalwaysbeenconsideredamonumentalworkwhichcommandsgreatattentioninAmerica.惠特曼的《草叶集》具有里程碑意义,在美国广受关注。4.InhisLeavesofGrass,openness,freedom,andaboveallindividualism,areallthatconcernedWaltWhitman.开放,自由,尤其是个人主义都是惠特曼的《草叶集》所讨论的。(大题)5.WaltWhitman’sDrumTapsisacollectionofpoemsincorporatinghisemotionsandfeelingsbeforeandduringtheCivilWarwhenhestoodfirmlyonthesideoftheNorth.惠特曼的《桴鼓集》是一本诗集,融合了内战之前和期间当他坚定地站在北部的情绪和感受。6.BeforeandduringtheCivilWar,WhitmanstoodfirmlyonthesideoftheNorthandwroteaseriesofpoemsincorporatinghisemotionsandfeelingsduringtheperiod,whichweregatheredasacollectionunderthetitleofDrumTaps.惠特曼的《桴鼓集》是一本诗集,融合了内战之前和期间当他坚定地站在北部的情绪和感受(后来放到《草叶集》中出版)。7.WaltWhitmanwrotedownagreatmanypoemstoairhissorrowforthedeathofPresidentLincoln,andoneofthefamousis“WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom’d.”惠特曼写下了大量的诗歌来表达他对林肯总统去世的悲伤,最著名的一个是“当紫丁香最后在庭院里盛开”。8.AsWaltWhitmansawit,poetrycouldplayavitalpartintheprocessofcreatinganewnation.ItcouldenableAmericanstocelebratetheirreleasefromtheOldWorldandthecolonialrule.惠特曼认为,诗歌可以塑造新的民族精神。它可以用来庆祝美国人从旧世界和殖民统治中得到释放。9.Inhispoetry,Whitmanshowsconcernforthewholehard-workingpeopleandtheburgeoninglifeofcities.在诗歌中,惠特曼对全体劳动人民和城市的新兴生活表示深切的关怀。10.Whitman’spoemsrepeatedlyandaffectionatelyapprovepursuitofloveandhappiness.惠特曼的诗歌反复提到并认可对爱与幸福的追求。(大题)11.Twopeoplecouldbe“twainyetone”:theirpathscouldbedifferent,andyettheycouldachieveakindoftranscendentcontact,Whitmanbelieved.惠特曼认为,两个人可能是“合二为一”:它们的路径可能会有所不同,但他们可以达到一种超然的联系。12.WaltWhitmanbelieved,bymeansof“freeverse,”hehasturnedpoetryintoanopenfield,anareaofvitalpossibilitywherethereadercanallowhisownimaginationtoplay.惠特曼认为,通过自由诗的方式,他已经把诗变成一个开放的领域,读者可以发挥自己的想象力的可能性的区域。(大题)13.AccordingtoWhitman,thefastgrowthofindustryandwealthincitiesindicatedalivelyfutureofanation,despitethecrowded,noisyandsqualidconditionsandtheslacknessinmorality.对惠特曼而言,城市工业和财富的快速增长预示该国美好的未来,尽管拥挤,嘈杂,环境肮脏,道德水平落后。14.Thegenuineparticipationofapoetinacommonculturaleffortwas,accordingtoWhitman,tobehaveasasupremeindividualist.根据惠特曼,诗人真正参与共同的文化努力是像一个至高无上的个人主义者那样行动起来。(大题)阅读理解:1.(Alotofcommonobjectshavebeenenumeratedinthepreviouslines,andherearethelasttwolinesofthepoem.)“Thehorizon’sedge,theflyingsea-crow,thefragranceofsaltmarshandshoremud.Thesebecamepartofthatchildwhowentfortheveryday,andwhonowgoes,andwillalwaysgofortheveryday.”Questions:A.Whoistheauthorofthispoem?Whatisthetitleofthepoem?B.Whatdoesthechildstandforinthepoem?C.Howdoyouunderstand“Thesebecamepartofthechild”?(2010.7)(2012.7)答案:A.Whitman,ThereWasaChildWentForth;B.Theyoung,growingAmerica;C.Thecommonobjectsinthepoemreflectthenaturalprocessofaboy’sgrowth.2.“Mytongue,everyatomofmyblood,form’dfromthissoil,thisair,Bornhereofparentsbornherefromparentsthesame,andtheirparentsthesame,I,nowthirty-sevenyearsoldinperfecthealthbegin,Hopingtoceasenottilldeath”(2011.4)Questions:A.Who’sthepoetofthequotedstanza,andwhat’sthetitleofthepoem?B.Whatdo“soil”and“air”representinthefirstline?C.Whatdoesthepoettrytosayintheabovequotedlines?答案:A.WaltWhitman,“SongofMyself”;B.Hisnativeland,Americaorhiscountry;C.Iwasbornandnurturedbythislandandshallfromnowondevotemywholelifetothecountry.问答题:1.WhatisWaltWhitman’spoeticstyle?(2013.4)答案:A.hispoeticstyleismarkedbytheuseofthepoetic“I”;B.headopted“freeverse”,poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme;C.theimageinhispoemsareunconventional;D.heuseoralEnglishandhisvocabularyisamazing.知识点3赫尔曼·麦尔维尔(《白鲸》、海上冒险)知识点概览:1.麦尔维尔的早期作品:《玛地》《雷得本》《白外衣》,后期作品《皮埃尔》《骗子的化装表演》《比利伯德》;2.领会:《白鲸》的主题:表层及深层意义,小说结构,象征手法和寓言的运用,语言特色知识点:1.Melvilleisbest-knownastheauthorofhismightybook,Moby-Dick,whichisoneoftheworld’sgreatestmasterpieces.麦尔维尔因为他的世界名著《白鲸》闻名。2.In1841,HermanMelvillewenttotheSouthSeasonawhalingship,wherehegainedthefirst-handinformationaboutwhalingthatheusedlaterinMoby-Dick.1841年,麦尔维尔就上了南海捕鲸船,在那里他掌握了有关捕鲸活动的第一手资料,也为他以后创作《白鲸》打下了基础。3.AsthefirstAmericanproseepic,Moby-Dickisnotmerelyawhalingtaleorseaadventure,itisalsoregardedasaspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.作为美国第一部散文史诗,《白鲸》不只是一个捕鲸故事或海上冒险,也是对人类现实和心理的一种深度精神探索。(大题)4.InMoby-Dick,theskillfuluseofIshmaelbothasacharacterandanarratorgivesthenovelamoralmagnitude.《白鲸》中,“以赛玛利”既作为角色又作为自述者给该小说以道德上的底线。(大题)5.OfallHermanMelville’sseaadventurestories,Moby-Dickprovestobethebest.在所有赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的海上冒险故事中,《白鲸》被证明是最好的。6.Thewhitewhale,Moby-Dick,symbolizesnatureforMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignantandbeautifulaswell.白鲸--莫比.迪克对于麦尔维尔而言,象征着大自然,复杂、深不可测、凶恶同时也很美丽。第11页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★7.Melville’ssemi-autobiographicalnovel,Redburn,concernsthesufferingsofagenteelyouthamongbrutalsailors.麦尔维尔的半自传体小说,《雷得本》是关于一个上流社会青年跻身于残酷的水手之间的苦难经历。8.HermanMelville’ssecondfamouswork,BillyBudd,wasnotpublisheduntil1924,33yearsafterhisdeath.赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的第二个著作《比利·巴德》直到1924年才出版,也就是他去世的33年以后。BillyBudddealswiththeseaandsailorsandthethemeofaconflictbetweeninnocenceandcorruption.9.ThepurposeofMelville’sfictionaltales,exoticorphilosophical,istopenetrateasdeeplyaspossibleintothemetaphysical,theological,moral,psychological,andsocialtruthsofhumanexistence.麦尔维尔的小说故事,充满异国情调或哲学性,就是要尽可能深地洞察人类生存的形而上学,神学,道德,心理和社会的真理。(大题)10.Inhisearlyworks,Melvilleismoreenthusiasticaboutsettingoutonaquestforthemeaningofuniverse.在麦尔维尔的早期作品中,他更加热衷于追求宇宙真理。(大题)11.Inhislaterworks,Melvillebecomesmorereconciledwiththeworldofman,inwhichheadmits,onemustlivebyrules.在麦尔维尔的晚期作品中,他开始与人类世界和解,他承认,必须依靠规则来生存。(大题)12.ApartfromHawthorne,ShakespeareantragicvisionandEmersoniantranscendentalismalsoproducedsomepositiveeffectsonMelville’swriting.除了霍桑,莎士比亚悲剧的眼光和爱默生的超验主义也对麦尔维尔的写作产生了一定的积极影响。话题讨论1.DiscussMelville’ssymbolisminMoby-Dick.(2013.4)答案:Thewhitewhale,MobyDick,symbolizesnatureforMelville;forAhab,itrepresentsonlyevil;fortheauthor,thereadersandthenarrator,itisstillamystery.ThePequodisthemicrocosmofhumansocietyandthevoyagebecomesasearchfortruth.第二章现实主义时期本章重点:1.美国现实主义文学的特点2.现实主义与自然主义的异同,这两种倾向在美国19世纪小说中的反映3.主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色、及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、艺术手法、社会意义等4.分析选读作品的思想内容及艺术特色、人物刻画。本章提示:马克吐温和亨利.詹姆斯的异同点容易出论述题。知识点1现实主义时期1.美国现实主义文学产生的社会和文化背景2.美国现实主义文学的特点:(1)占主导地位的美国现实主义小说(2)现实主义文学中的地方色彩小说(3)现实主义文学中的自然主义倾向知识点:1.Asagenre,naturalismemphasizedheredityandenvironmentasimportantdeterministicforcesshapingindividualizedcharacterswhowerepresentedinspecialanddetailedcircumstances.作为一个流派,自然主义强调遗传和环境在塑造特定环境下的个人形象中的重大作用。问答题WhatarethefactorsthatgaverisetoAmericannaturalism?(2010.4)答案:Inaword,naturalismisevolvedfromrealismwhentheauthor’stoneinwritingbecomeslessseriousandlesssympatheticbutmoreironicandmorepessimistic.Itisnomorethanadifferentphilosophicalapproachtoreality,ortohumanexistence.知识点2马克·吐温(地方色彩、幽默)知识点概览:1.马克·吐温的主要作品,地方色彩、幽默及语言特色2.选读《哈克贝里·费恩》:主题结构、人物刻画、语言特色;哈克的性格分析及其社会意义知识点:1.Beingaboy’sbookspeciallywrittenfortheadults,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinnisMarkTwain’smostrepresentativework,describingajourneydowntheMississippiundertakenbyHuckandJim.《汤姆.索亚历险记》,尤其是《哈克贝里.芬历险记》是美国文学的里程碑。这是马克.吐温最有代表性的小说,描写两个流浪儿童哈克和吉姆沿密西西比河而下历险的旅程。2.HemingwayoncesaidthatAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnwasonebookfromwhichallmodem“Americanliteraturecomes.”海明威曾说,《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国所有当代文学的来源。(大题)3.ThechildhoodofTomSawyerandHuckFinnintheMississippiisarecordofavanishedwayoflifeinthepre-CivilWarMississippivalley.汤姆.索亚和哈克贝里.芬在密西西比的童年是对消逝的内战前密西西比河流域生活的记录。4.MarkTwain’sTheTragedyofPuddn’headWilsonshowsthedisastrouseffectsofslaveryonthevictimizerandthevictimalike.《傻瓜威尔逊的悲剧》表明了奴隶制的加害者和受害者都将会有灾难性的后果。5.MarkTwain’sfullliterarycareerbegantoblossomin1869withatravelbookInnocentsAbroad,anaccountofAmericantouristsinEurope.马克·吐温的完美文学生涯随着《傻子出国记》在1869年达到顶峰,讲述的是在欧洲的美国游客。6.TheGildedAgeisasocialsatirewrittenbyMarkTwainin1873.《镀金时代》是马克吐温写于1873年一部社会讽刺小说。7.TherichmaterialofMarkTwain’sboyhoodexperienceontheMississippibecametheendlessresourcesforhisfiction.马克吐温少年时代在密西西比河的经历为他的小说提供了丰富的素材。8.MarkTwain’sparticularconcernaboutthelocalcharacterofaregioncameaboutas“localcolorism,”auniquevariationofAmericanliteraryrealism.马克·吐温对地方特点的关注被称为“地方特色”,美国现实主义文学的独特变体。(大题)9.MarkTwainshapedtheworld’sviewofAmericaandmadeamoreextensivecombinationofAmericanfolkhumorandseriousliteraturethanpreviouswritershadeverdone.马克吐温塑造了世界对美国的看法,并提出了比以前的作家曾经尝试过的更广泛的美国民间幽默与严肃文学的结合。10.H.L.Mencken,afamousAmericancritic,consideredMarkTwain“thetruefatherofournationalliterature.”美国著名的评论家门肯认为马克.吐温是我们“真正的民族文学之父”。11.MarkTwain'sbestworkswereproducedwhenhewasintheprimeofhislife.Allthesemasterworksdrewuponthescenesandemotionsofhisboyhoodandyouth.问答题1.BrieflystateMarkTwain’smagicpowerwithlanguageinhisnovels.(2010.4)(2014.4)答案:A.Setting:InthenovelMarkTwainrecreatesasmall-townworldofAmericaandpresentsthelocalcolor.B.Language:Heusessimple,directlanguagefaithfultothecolloquialspeech,thevernacularlanguageofthelocalpeople.C.Character(s):Theauthorrecreatestworebelsandfugitivesrunningawayfromcivilization,especiallyHuckleberryFinn,aninnocentboywhorefusestoaccepttheconventionalvillagemorality.D.Theme:Thenovelisacriticismofsocialinjustice,hypocrisy,conservativenessandnarrow-mindednessoftheAmericansmalltownsociety.第12页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★E.Style:Thenovelemploysahumorousstyleofnarrationandisalsohighlysymbolicwiththecentralsymbol.知识点3亨利·詹姆斯(国际主题)知识点概览:1.詹姆斯的作品,国际主题,及对文学的贡献2.詹姆斯的“现实主义”,艺术特色:“叙述者的视角”与心理分析3.《黛西·米勒》的主题,人物分析及语言风格知识点:1.ThethemeofHenryJames’essay“TheArtofFiction”clearlyindicatesthattheaimofthenovelistopresentlife,soitisnotsurprisingtofindinhiswritingshumanexperiencesexploredineverypossibleform.他的随笔《小说的艺术》的主题明确指出,小说的目的是呈现生活,所以他的著作以每一种可能的形式探讨人类经验是不足为奇的。2.HenryJames’sDaisyMiller,anovellaaboutayoungAmericangirlwhogets“killed”bythewinterinRome,broughthiminternationalfameforthefirsttime.亨利·詹姆斯的《黛西·米勒》,关于一个年轻的美国女孩在罗马寒冬被“杀害”的中篇小说,第一次给他带来了国际声誉。(大题)3.GenerallyconsideredtobeHenryJames’smasterpiece,DaisyMillerincarnatestheclashbetweentheOldWorldandtheNewinthelifejourneyofanAmericangirlinaEuropeanculturalenvironment.《黛西·米勒》一般被认为是亨利·詹姆斯的杰作,以一个美国女孩在欧洲的文化环境中的人生旅途体现了旧世界和新世界的冲突。4.TheliterarycareerofHenryJamesisgenerallydividedintothreeperiodsandinthefirstperiod,hetookgreatinterestininternationalthemes.詹姆斯的文学生涯分成三个时期。在他的早期作品中,他对国际主题很感兴趣。(大题)5.HenryJameswasthefirstAmericanwritertoconceivehiscareerininternationalterms.亨利·詹姆斯是第一个试图探索国际主题的美国作家。6.WiththedevelopmentofthemodernnovelandthecommonacceptanceoftheFreudianapproach,HenryJames’simportance,aswellashiswideinfluenceasanovelistandcritic,hasbeenallthemoreconspicuous.随着现代小说的发展和弗洛伊德心理分析广泛接受,詹姆斯的重要性以及他作为一个小说家和评论家的广泛的影响力已经更加突出。7.AmongthefollowingwritersHenryJamesisgenerallyregardedastheforerunnerofthe20th-century“stream-of-consciousness”novelsandthefounderofpsychologicalrealism.亨利·詹姆斯被普遍认为是20世纪“意识流”小说的先驱和心理现实主义的创始人。(大题)8.OneofHenryJames’literarytechniquesinnovatedtocaterforthepsychologicalemphasisishisnarrative“pointofview”.詹姆斯文学创作技巧的一个方面就是强调这种心理分析,以叙述者的视角为线索。(大题)9.WhileMarkTwainseemedtohavepaidmoreattentiontothe“life”oftheAmericans,HenryJameshadapparentlylaidagreateremphasisonthe“innerworld”ofman.虽然马克吐温似乎更注重美国人的“生活”,亨利·詹姆斯显然更加重视人的“内心世界”。10.ItisHenryJames’novelsandhisliteraryessaysthatmakehimafascinatingcaseintheAmericanliteraryhistoryandaconspicuousfigureinworldliterature.正是亨利·詹姆斯的小说和他的文学随笔,使得他成为美国文学史上的典范以及世界文学上声名显赫的人物。11.InordertoprotestagainstAmerica’sfailuretojoinEnglandinWWI,HenryJamesbecameanaturalizedBritishcitizenin1915.为了美国加入英格兰在第一次世界大战中的失败,在1915年詹姆斯成为一名英国的入籍公民。问答题1.WhatisthemostfamousthemeinHenryJames’sfiction?Andwhatishisfavoriteapproachincharacterization,whichmakeshimdifferentfromMarkTwainandW.D.Howellsasrealists?Givetwotitlesofhisworksofhisfirstperiodinwhichthisthemeandthisapproachareemployed.(2010.7)答案:A.Internationaltheme;B.James’realismischaracterizedbyhispsychologicalapproachtohissubjectmatter.C.TheAmerican,DaisyMiller,TheEuropeans,ThePortraitofALady.2.DaisyMillerbroughtHenryJamesinternationalfameforthefirsttime.What’sthecharacterofDaisyMiller,theprotagonist?(2011.4)答案:A.theAmericanGirlinEurope,embodyingthespiritoftheNewWorld.B.InnocenceturnsouttobeanadmiringbutadangerousqualityandherdefianceofsocialtaboosintheOldWorldfinallybringshertoadisaster.(A、B两点各三分)知识点4艾米莉.狄金森知识点概览:1.狄金森的诗歌主题:“永恒“主题,爱情诗和自然诗2.狄金森诗歌的主题结构,创新和艺术特色(诗作没有标题,语言简洁)知识点:1.Dickinson'spoemsareusuallybasedonherownexperience,hersorrowsandjoys.Butwithinherlittlelyrics,Dickinsonaddressesthoseissuesthatconcernthewholehumanbeings,whichincludereligion,death,immortality,loveandnature.Insomeofherpoemsshewroteaboutherdoubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects.她的诗通常是基于她自己的经历,她的悲伤和欢乐。在她的短篇抒情诗里所涉及到的问题却是有关人类的,包括宗教,死亡,不朽,爱情和自然。在她的有些诗中,她提到了对宗教的怀疑和相信。2.CloselyrelatedtoDickinson’sreligiouspoetryareherpoemsconcerningdeathandimmortality,rangingoverthephysicalaswellasthepsychologicalandemotionalaspectsofdeath.狄金森与宗教有关的诗是关于死亡和不朽,包括身体,心理和情感三个方面。(大题)3.MorethanfivehundredpoemsEmilyDickinsonwroteareaboutnature,inwhichhis(her)generalskepticismabouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureiswell-expressed.狄金森有500多首诗是关于自然的,诗中表达作者对人与自然关系的怀疑。(大题)4.EmilyDickinson’spoemshavenotitles,hencearealwaysquotedbytheirfirstline.艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌没有标题,所以总是被他们的第一行引用。(大题)5.EmilyDickinson’spoetryisuniqueandunconventionalinitsownway.Forexample,herpoemshavenotitles.狄金森的诗歌很独特,不依惯例,诗作里没有标题。(大题)6.EmilyDickinson’spoeticidiomisnotedforitslaconicbrevity,directnessandplainness.她用词简洁,直率,平易。(大题)7.EmilyDickinsonfrequentlyusespersonaetorenderthetonemorefamiliartothereader,andpersonificationtovivifysomeabstractideas.狄金森经常运用主人公形象让语气为读者所熟悉,并运用拟人来生动的表达一些抽象的概念。(大题)阅读理解1.ThisismylettertotheWorldThatneverwrotetoMe-ThesimpleNewsthatNaturetold-WithtenderMajesty(2010.4)(2014.4)Questions:A.Identifythepoet.B.Whatideadoesthepoemexpress?C.Whydoesthepoetusedashesandcapitallettersinthepoem?答案:A.EmilyDickinson(1分)B.ThepoemexpressesDickinson’sanxietyabouthercommunicationwiththeoutsideworld.(1分)C.Inherpoetrythereisaparticularstresspattern,inwhichdashesareused第13页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★asamusicaldevicetocreatecadenceandcapitallettersasameansofemphasis.(2分)2.“WepassedtheSchool,whereChildrenstroveAtRecess-intheRing-WepassedtheFieldsofGazingGrain-WePassedtheSettingSun-”(FromEmilyDickinson’spoemBecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath)Questions:A.Whatdoesthephrase“FieldsofGazingGrain”symbolize?B.Whatfigureofspeechisusedinthepoem?C.WhatareDickinson’suniquewritingfeatures?(2010.7)答案:A.Itsymbolizesthematureperiod.B.personificationC.(1)Herpoemshavenotitle.(2)Dashesareusedasamusicaldevice.(3)Capitalletterareusedasameansofemphasis.(4)irregularandinvertedsentencestructureisused.(5)Herpoeticidiomisnotedforitslaconicbrevity,directnessandplainness.(6)Herpoemsareusuallyshort,personalandmeditative.知识点5西奥多·德莱赛(自然主义,达尔文主义“优胜劣汰“)知识点概览:1.德莱塞的主要作品,小说的语言风格2.达尔文主义与德莱塞作品中的自然主义倾向3.《嘉丽妹妹》节选:主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格知识点:1.TheodoreDreiserisaprolificwriter,amongwhich,SisterCarrieisthebestknown,tracingthematerialriseofCarrieMeeberandthetragicdeclineofG.W.Hurstwood.德莱赛是个多产的作家,在他的作品中,《嘉莉妹妹》最有名,讲述了嘉莉Meeber经济地位的上升和GW赫斯渥的悲剧性破产。(大题)2.WiththepublicationofSisterCarrie,TheodoreDreiserwaslaunchinghimselfuponalongcareerthatwouldultimatelymakehimoneofthemostsignificantAmericanwritersoftheschoollaterknownasliterarynaturalism.随着《嘉莉妹妹》的出版,德莱塞正在开启将最终使他在学派,后来被称为文学自然主义学派的最重要的美国作家之一的漫长的职业生涯。(大题)3.InSisterCarrieTheodoreDreiserexpressedhisnaturalisticpursuitbyexpoundingthepurposelessnessoflifeandattackingtheconventionalmoralstandards.在《嘉莉妹妹》中,德莱塞通过阐述人生的目的性和对传统道德标准的攻击,表达了他的自然主义的追求。(大题)4.FromthefirstnovelSisterCarrieon,DreisersethimselftoprojecttheAmericanvaluesforwhathehadfoundthemtobe,materialistictothecore.在第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》出版过后,德莱塞一直把美国的价值观推向彻底的物质享受主义。(大题)5.TheodoreDreiserentitledhisgreatestworkwithAnAmericanTragedy(whichwasbannedinBostonin1927)intendingtotellusthatitisthesocialpressurethatmakesClyde’sdownfallinevitable.通过赋予他的著作《美国悲剧》(1972年被波士顿禁止)这个书名,德莱塞意在告诉我们,是社会压力使克莱德的衰败变得不可避免。6.InTheodoreDreiser’searlyperiod,someofhisbestshortfictionswerewritten,amongwhichareNiggerJeffandOldRogaumandHisTheresa.在德莱塞的初期,创作了一些最好的短篇小说,其中有《黑人杰夫》和《老罗格姆和他的特里萨》。7.TheodoreDreiser’sfocusshiftedfromthepathosofthehelplessprotagonistsatthebottomofthesocietytothepoweroftheAmericanfinancialtycoonsinthelate19thcenturyinhiswork“TrilogyofDesire”.德莱塞的关注点从社会底层的主角无助的痛苦转向19世纪后期他的作品“欲望三部曲”中的美国金融巨头的权力。8.TheFinancier,TheTitanandTheStoicbyTheodoreDreiserarecalledhis“TrilogyofDesire.”《金融家》,《巨头》和《斯多葛》是德莱赛的“欲望三部曲”。9.Likeallnaturalists,TheodoreDreiserwasrestrainedfromfindingasolutiontothesocialproblemsthatappearedinhisnovelsandaccordinglyalmostallhisworkshavetragicendings.像所有的自然学家那样,德莱塞在寻求解决出现在他小说中的社会问题的方法时都受到了,因此几乎所有他的作品都具有悲剧性结局。(大题)10.Shortlybeforehisdeathin1945,theAmericannaturalistTheodoreDreiserjoinedtheCommunistParty.1945年,在他死前不久,美国自然学家德莱塞加入了党。11.WecaneasilyfindinDreiser’sfictionaworldofjungle,andnaturalismfoundexpressioninalmosteverybookhewrote.我们可以很容易地在德莱塞的小说中看到一个弱肉强食的世界,自然主义体现在几乎他写的每本书中。(大题)12.TheeffectofDarwinistideaof“survivalofthefittest”wasshatteringinTheodoreDreiser’sfictionalworldofjungle,where“killortobekilled”wasthelaw.达尔文主义“优胜劣汰”的观念的影响在德莱塞虚构的弱肉强食的世界中无处不再,在这里“杀或被杀”是自然规律。13.Manisa“victimofforcesoverwhichhehasnocontrol.”ThisisanotionheldstronglybyTheodoreDreiser.德莱赛认为,人类是“各种力量交织在一起的受害者,这些力量人类是无法控制的”。14.Earthlyexistencewas“awelterofinscrutableforces,”inwhichwastrappedeachindividualhumanbeing.ThisisatypicalnotionheldbyTheodoreDreiser.尘世的存在是“高深莫测力量的较量”,每个人都被困其中。这是德莱赛的主张。问答题1.WhydoesSisterCarriebestembodyDreiser’snaturalisticbelief?(2014.4)答案:A.SisterCarriebestembodiesDreiser’snaturalistbeliefthatwhilemenarecontrolledandconditionedbyheredity,instinctandchance,afewextraordinaryanduncomplicatedhumanbeingsrefusetoaccepttheirfatewordlesslyandinsteadstrive,unsuccessfully,tofindmeaningandpurposefortheirexistence.B.Carrie,asoneofsuch,sensesthatsheismerelyacipherinanuncaringworldyetseekstograspthemysteriesandtherebysatisfyingherdesiresforsocialstatusandmaterialcomfort.第三章现代主义时期本章重点:1.美国现代文学的特征2.主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格3.名词解释:“迷惘的一代”,意象派诗歌,象征主义,表现主义,意识流4.选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格本章提示:弗罗斯特和海明威是本章的重点作家知识点1罗伯特·弗罗斯特(自然诗)知识点概览:1.弗洛斯特的诗歌:田园诗;自然诗2.弗洛斯特诗歌的艺术特色3.弗洛斯特的自然诗《摘苹果后》《未选择的路》《雪夜停马在林边》:主题、象征与比喻、语言知识点:1.RobertFrostdescribedNorthofBostonas“abookofpeople,”whichshowsabrilliantinsightintoNewEnglandcharacterandthebackgroundthatformedit.罗伯特·弗罗斯特把《波士顿以北》描述成一本关于人物的书,这显示了对新英格兰人的特点以及其形成背景的敏锐的洞察力。2.RobertFrost’sfirstcollectionABoy’sWillismarkedbyanintensebutrestrainedemotionandthecharacteristicflavorofNewEnglandlife.罗伯特·弗罗斯特诗集《少年的愿望》的特点是紧张而内敛的情感和新英格兰生活的特色风味。3.RobertLeeFrost’sNewHampshirewonhimthefirstPulitzerPrizes,whichincludes“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening.”罗第14页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★伯特·弗罗斯特的《新罕布什尔》为他赢得了第一个普利策奖,其中包括“雪夜林边驻足”。4.CollectedPoemsandAFurtherRange,whichgatheredRobertL.Frost’ssecondandthirdPulitzerPrizes,bothtranslatemodernupheavalintopoeticmaterial.诗集(l930)和《又一片牧场》(1935年)帮助弗罗斯特把第二个和第三个普利策奖收入囊中,两者都把现代社会的剧变转移到了诗人可以驾轻就熟的诗歌材料中。5.RobertFrost’sAMasqueofReasonandAMasqueofMercyarecomic-seriousdramaticnarratives,inbothofwhichbiblicalcharactersinmodemsettingsdiscussethicsandman’srelationstoGod.弗罗斯特的《理性的面具》(l945)和《慈悲的面具》(1947)都是滑稽的戏剧性的故事,两部作品中,现代场景中的圣经人物讨论道德和人与神的关系。6.ThoughRobertFrost’ssubjectmattersmainlyfocusonthelandscapeandpeopleinNewEngland,hewrotemanypoemsthatinvestigatethebasicthemesofman’slifeinhislongpoeticcareer.虽然罗伯特·弗罗斯特的题材主要集中在新英格兰的景观和人民,在他漫长的诗歌生涯中,他写了很多探究人的生命基本主题的诗。(大题)7.RobertFrostcombinedtraditionalverseformswithaclearAmericanlocalspeechrhythm,thespeechofNewEnglandfarmerswithitsidiosyncraticdictionandsyntax.罗伯特·弗罗斯特把传统诗歌形式和具有明显的美国本土演讲节奏结合起来,把新英格兰农民的讲话和其特定的用词和语法结合起来。(大题)8.ManyofFrost’spoemsarefragrantwithnaturequality.Imagesandmetaphorsinhispoemsaredrawnfromthesimplecountrylifeandthepastorallandscape.弗罗斯特很多诗歌都散发着自然的气息,诗中意象和隐喻都来源于简单的乡村生活和田园风光。9.ProfoundideasinRobertFrost’spoemsaredeliveredunderthedisguiseoftheplainlanguageandthesimpleform.弗罗斯特的诗中深刻的思想都是在朴实的语言和简单的形式的伪装下传达出来的。(大题)10.Byusingsimplespokenlanguageandconversationalrhythms,RobertFrostachievedaneffortlessgraceinhisstyle.通过使用简单的口语和对话的节奏,弗罗斯特实现了一种轻松优雅的风格。11.Unlikehiscontemporariesintheearly20thcentury,RobertFrostdidnotbreakupwiththepoetictraditionnormadeanyexperimentonform.不像20世纪初的同时代人,罗伯特·弗罗斯特并没有打破诗歌传统,也没有作出任何形式的更改尝试。(大题)12.Attheageofeighty-seven,RobertFrostreadhispoetryattheinaugurationofPresidentJohnF.Kennedyin1961.87岁时,罗伯特·弗罗斯特在1961年肯尼迪总统的就职典礼上读他的诗。阅读理解1.IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence:Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI——Itooktheonelesstraveledby,Andthathasmadeallthedifference.Questions:A.Identifythepoetandthetitleofthepoemfromwhichthestanzaistaken.B.Whatdoesthe“roads”symbolizeinthethirdline?C.What’sthethemeofthepoem?(2014.10)答案:A.FromRobertFrost’s“TheRoadNotTaken”(1’)《未选择之路》B.Choicesinlife.(1’)C.Inthismeditativepoem,thespeakertellsushowthecourseofhislifewasdeterminedwhenhecameupontworoadsthatdivergedinawood.Forcedtochoose,hetooktheonelesstraveledby,andthathasmadeallthedifference.(2’)2.Mylongtwo-pointedladder’sstickingthroughatreeTowardheavenstill,Andthere'sabarrelthatIdidn’tfillBesideit,andtheremaybetwoorthreeApplesIdidn’tpickuponsomebough.Questions:A.Identifythepoetandthetitleofthepoemfromwhichtheabovelinesaretaken.B.Whatexperiencedoesthepoemdescribe?C.Whatarethefeelingsofthespeaker?(2014.4)答案:A.FromRobertFrost’s“AfterApple–picking”.(《摘完苹果后》)B.Thepoemisavividmemoryofthespeaker’sexperienceonthefarm.C.theendofthelaborleavesthespeakerwithasenseofcompletionandfulfillmentyetfindshimblockedfromsuccessbywinter’sapproachingandphysicalweariness.知识点2司各特·菲茨杰拉德(爵士时代)知识点概览:1.菲兹杰拉德与“爵士时代”2.主要作品:短篇小说集:《爵士时代的故事》中、长篇小说:《人间天堂》《了不起的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》《最后一个巨头》3.《了不起的盖茨比》主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格,菲兹杰拉德的小说艺术知识点:1.In1920,F·ScottFitzgeraldpublishedhisfirstnovelThisSideofParadisewhichwas,tosomeextent,hisownstory.在1920年,菲茨杰拉德出版了他的第一部小说《人间天堂》,这部小说在某种程度上是他自己的故事。2.ItwashismasterpieceTheGreatGatsbythatmadeF.ScottFitzgeraldoneofthegreatestAmericannovelists.他的巨著《了不起的盖茨比》使他成为杰出的美国小说家。(大题)3.InTenderistheNight,F.ScottFitzgeraldtracesthedeclineofayoungAmericanpsychiatristwhosemarriagetoabeautifulandwealthypatientdrainshispersonalenergiesandcorrodeshisprofessionalcareer.在《夜色温柔》中,他讲述了一个年轻的美国精神病学家娶了一个美丽而富有的病人,这段婚姻耗尽了他个人的精力,也断送了他的职业生涯。4.OneofF·ScottFitzgerald’sbestshortstoriesis“BabylonRevisited,”whichdepictsanAmerican’sreturntoParisinthe1930sandhisregretfulrealizationthatthepastisbeyondhisreach.菲茨杰拉德的最佳短篇故事《重返巴比伦》描绘了在20世纪30年代一个重返巴黎的美国人和他对过去已经无法改变的悔恨的领悟。5.Asanactiveparticipantofhisage,FitzgeraldisoftenacclaimedliteraryspokesmanoftheJazzAge.作为时代的积极参与者,菲茨杰拉德被认为是早期爵士乐时代的文学代言人。6.Fitzgeraldwasamostrepresentativefigureofthe1920s,whowasmirroroftheexcitingageinalmosteveryway.菲茨杰拉德是20世纪20年代的代表性的人物,他是这个兴奋的时代的一面镜子,在几乎每个方面。(大题)7.MostliterarycriticsthinkthatFitzgeraldisbothaninsiderandanoutsideroftheJazzAgewithadoublevision.大多数文学批评家认为,菲茨杰拉德既是爵士乐时代的局内人,也是局外人,有着双重视角。8.Fitzgerald’sfictionalworldisthebestembodimentofthespiritoftheJazzAge,inwhichheshowsaparticularinterestintheupper-classsociety,especiallytheupper-classyoungpeople.菲兹杰拉德的小说世界是爵士时代精神的最佳体现,他的作品关注上流社会,尤其是上流社会的年轻人。(大题)9.FitzgeraldisagreatcriticinAmericanliteratureandhisstyleis第15页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★closelyrelatedtohisthemes.菲茨杰拉德是美国文学史上一个伟大的批评家,他的风格与他的主题是密切相关的。(大题)10.Fitzgerald’sstyle,closelytohistheme,isexplicitandchilly.菲茨杰拉德的风格与他的主题一样,是直白和犀利的。(大题)阅读理解1.Therewasmusicfrommyneighbor’shousethroughthesummernights.Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemothsamongthewhisperingsandthechampagneandthestars.AthightideintheafternoonIwatchedhisguestsdivingfromthetowerofhisraft,ortakingthesunonthehotsandofhisbeachwhilehistwomotor-boatsslitthewatersoftheSound,drawingaquaplanesovercataractsoffoam.Questions:A.Identifytheauthorandthetitleofthenovelfromwhichtheexcerptistaken.B.Whoisthenarratoroftheexcerpt?C.Whatdoestheauthordescribeintheexcerpt?(2014.10)答案:A.FromF.ScottFitzgerald’sTheGreatGatsby(1’)B.NickCarraway.(1’)C.TheauthorgivesawonderfuldescriptionofGatsby’spartythatevokesboththeromanceandthesadnessofthatstrangeandfascinatingerawhichwecallthetwenties.(2’)问答题1.WhoistheliteraryspokesmanoftheJazzAge?HowdoeshisfictionembodythespiritoftheJazzAge?(2014.10)答案:A.F.ScottFitzgerald.(1分)B.Fitzgerald’sfictionalworldisthebestembodimentofthespiritoftheJazzAge,inwhichheshowsaparticularinterestintheupper-classyoungpeople.Youngmenandwomeninthe1920shadasenseofrecklessconfidencenotonlyaboutmoneybutaboutlifeingeneral.(2分)C.Beneaththemasksofrelaxationandjoviality,however,therewasonlysterility,meaninglessnessandfutility,andamidthegrandeurandextravaganceaspiritualwastelandandahintofdecadenceandmoraldecay.Thisundeniablejuxtapositionofappearancewithreality,ofthepretenseofgaietywiththetensionunderneath,iseasilyrecognizableinFitzgerald’sfiction.(3分)知识点3欧内斯特·海明威(战争,“硬汉”形象,“冰山”原则)知识点概览:1.海明威的生平及创作生涯2.海明威的主要作品:(1)短篇小说集:《在我们的时代里》--主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格(2)长篇小说:《太阳照样升起》《永别了,武器》《丧钟为谁而鸣》《老人与海》3.海明威与“迷惘的一代“4.海明威小说的艺术特色:“硬汉”形象,“重压下的风度”,“冰山”原则等知识点:1.Hemingway’sfirsttruenovel,TheSunAlsoRises,castslightonawholegenerationaftertheFirstWorldWar.海明威第一部真正意义上的小说《太阳照常升起》启发了一战后的一代人。Hemingway'ssecondbigsuccessisAfarewelltoArms,whichwrotetheepitaphtoadecadeandtothewholegenerationinthe1920sintellingusastoryaboutthetragicloveaffairofawoundedAmericansoldierwithaBritishnurse.海明威第二个最成功的著作是《永别了,武器》。2.Hemingway’sTheSunAlsoRisescastslightonawholegenerationaftertheFirstWorldWarandtheeffectsofthewarbywayofavividportraitofthe“TheLostGeneration.”《太阳照常升起》是海明威成熟的作品,通过“迷惘的一代”人的形象塑造,表现了一战后整个一代人的精神面貌以及一战给人们带来的影响。3.InDeathintheAfternoon,ErnestHemingwaypresentshisphilosophyaboutlifeanddeaththroughthedepictionofthebullfightasakindofmicrocosmictragedy.在《午后之死》中,海明威通过把斗牛作为一种微观悲剧的描写,展示了他关于生命和死亡的哲学。4.ThebookInOurTimeisthefirsttopresentaHemingwayhero一NickAdams.《在我们的时代里》这部小说集塑造了尼克.亚当斯的海明威式的英雄形象。5.TheSnowsofKilimanjarobyErnestHemingwaytellsabrilliantshortstoryaboutamortallywoundedAmericanwriterwhoattemptstoredeemhisimaginationfromthecorrosionsofwealthanddomesticstrife.《乞力马扎罗的雪》是海明威的一部中篇小说,是对于一个临死前的人心理轨迹的精彩描述,讲述了一个身受重伤的美国作家试图通过想象回顾自己的人生历程。6.ForWhomtheBellTollsclearlyrepresentsanewbeginninginErnestHemingway’scareerasawriter,whichconcernsavolunteerAmericanguerrillaRobertJordanfightingintheSpanishCivilWar.《丧钟为谁而鸣》,是关于美国游击战义工罗伯特·乔丹在西班牙内战中的战斗,代表了海明威职业生涯又一个新的开端。7.Hemingway’sTheOldManandtheSeaisarepresentationoflifeasastruggleagainstunconquerablenaturalforcesinwhichonlyapartialvictoryispossible.海明威的《老人与海》再现了生活与不可征服的自然力量的抗争,在此过程中,只有部分的胜利是可能的。(大题)8.Hemingway’sToHaveandHaveNotisoneofmanytoshowhischaracteristicspatternofalonelyindividualstrugglingagainstnatureandtheenvironment.海明威的《富有与贫穷》是其中之一用来展示的个体与自然和环境抗争的模式特点。9.In1954,theNobelPrizeforliteraturewasgrantedtoErnestHemingway,oneofthegreatestofAmericanwriters.1954年,海明威荣获诺贝尔文学奖,美国作家最高奖项之一。10.TheNobelPrizeCommitteehighlypraisedErnestHemingwayfor“hispowerfulstyleformingmasteryoftheart”ofcreatingmodernfiction.诺贝尔文学奖评委会是这样评价他的:他的简短有力的艺术风格开创了现代小说。11.DuringWWI,HemingwayservedasanhonorablejuniorofficerintheAmericanRedCrossAmbulanceCorpsandin1918wasseverelywoundedinbothlegs.在第一次世界大战期间,海明威曾担任美国红十字会救护总队的光荣尉官,并于1918年双腿受重伤。12.Greatlyandpermanentlyaffectedbythewarexperiences,Hemingwayformedhisownwritingstyle,togetherwithhisthemeandhero.由于受到战争经历大大的和深远的影响,海明威形成了自己的写作风格,还有独特的主题和主人公的塑造。13.“Thoughlifeisbutalosingbattle,itisastrugglemancandominateinsuchawaythatlossbecomesdignity.”ThisisanoutlooktowardslifethatErnestHemingwayhadbeentryingtoillustrateinhisworks.虽然打败仗,但吃败仗也是有尊严的,人类的肉体可以消亡,但精神永远不可战胜。(大题)14.“Mancanbephysicallydestroyedbutneverdefeatedspiritually.”ThisisanattitudetowardslifethatErnestHemingwayhadbeentryingtoillustrateinhiswritings.海明威在其作品中反映出他的人生态度是“人类的肉体可以消亡,但精神永远不可战胜。”(大题)15.Hemingway’scodeheroesarethosewhosurviveintheprocessofseekingtomasterthecodewiththehonesty,thediscipline,andtherestraint.海明威的硬汉英雄是那些用诚实、纪律和自我约束,掌握生存法则从而存活下来的人。(大题)16.ErnestHemingway,hadbeentryingtodemonstrateinhisworksanunvaryingcode,knownas“graceunderpressure,”whichisactuallyanattitudetowardslife.海明威一直试图在他的作品中表现出一种不变的准则,被称为“压力下的风度”,这实际上也是一种生活态度。(大题)17.“Thedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthof第16页共17页★★★《绝密资料》仅供参考,并非押题★★★itbeingabovewater.”This“iceberg”analogyaboutprosestylewasputforwardbyErnestHemingway.“冰山运动的尊严在于只有八分之一露出水面。”这个“冰山与散文风格的类比”是由海明威提出的。(大题)阅读理解1.“‘Isdyinghard,Daddy?’‘No,Ithinkit’sprettyeasy,Nick.Italldepends.’”Questions:A.Who’stheauthorofthequotedpart,andwhat’sthetitleofthework?B.WhatwasNickpreoccupiedwithwhenheaskedthequestion?C.Whydidthefatheradd“Italldepends”afterheansweredhisson’squestion?(2011.4)答案:A.ErnestHemingway,IndianCamp.B.Lifeanddeath.C.Whenthefathersaysthatdyingisprettyeasy,hemightbethinkingabouttheself-murderedhusband.Butwhenhereflectsonthewife’smiraclesurvivaloftheviolentpaininthewholeprocessofbirth,headdsthefinalsentence.Dyingisbothhardandeasy,italldependsonindividuals.(A、B点各1分,C点2分。)简答题1.Whatis“HemingwayCodeHeroes”?(2012.4)答案:Hemingway’sworldislimited.Hedealswithlimitedrangeofcharactersinquitesimilarcircumstancesandmeasuresthemagainstanunvaryingcode,knownas“graceunderpressure”,whichisactuallyanattitudetowardslifethatHemingwayhadbeentryingtodemonstrateishisworks.(3分)Thosewhosurviveintheprogressofseekingtomasterthecodewiththehonesty,thediscipline,andtherestraintareHemingwayCodeHeroes.(3分)2.What’sErnestHemingway’s“iceberg”analogy?(2012.7)答案:Hemingwaybelievesthatagoodwriterdoesnotneedtorevealeverydetailofacharacteroraction.Theone-eighththeispresentedwillsuggestallothermeaningfuldimensionsofthestory.Thus,Hemingway’slanguageissymbolicandsuggestive.知识点4威廉·福克纳(美国南方文学)知识点概览:1.福克纳的主要作品:中、短篇小说:《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》《老人》《熊》等;长篇小说:《喧嚣与骚动》《八月之光》《我弥留之际》《押沙龙,押沙龙!》2.福克纳小说的艺术特色:“意识流”,“内心独白”,“时序颠倒”,“象征隐喻”等;福克纳与美国南方文学3.《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》赏析:主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格知识点:1.OfFaulkner’sliteraryworks,fournovelsaremasterpiecesbyanystandards:TheSoundandtheFury,LightinAugust,Absalom,Absalom!andGoDown,Moses.福克纳最有影响力的是这四部小说:《喧嚣与骚动》,《八月之光》,《押沙龙,押沙龙!》和《摩西,走下去》。2.WilliamFaulkneroncesaidthatTheSoundandtheFuryisastoryof“lostinnocence”,whichprovesitselftobeanintensificationofthethemeofimprisonmentinthepast.威廉·福克纳曾说过,《喧嚣与骚动》是一个关于“失真”的故事,这证明它是对过去禁锢主题的强化。3.ThemajorconcernofFaulkner’sLightinAugustisprimarilyabouttheSouthasaslateofmind.福克纳的《八月之光》主要关注点是把南方作为心灵跳板。4.InGoDown,Moses,WilliamFaulknerilluminatestheproblemofblackandwhiteinSouthernsocietyasaclose-knitdestinyofbloodbrotherhood.在《摩西,走下去》里,威廉·福克纳阐释了南方社会黑人和白人如血的兄弟情谊的命运问题。5.Faulkner,oneoftheleadingAmericanwriters,wasawardedtheNobelPrizein1950fortheanti-racistIntruderintheDust.杰出美第17页共17页国作家福克纳作品《趁火打劫》中体现反种族歧视政治观点,因此被授予诺贝尔奖。6.WiththehelpofhisfriendsPhilStoneandSherwoodAnderson,FaulknerpublishedavolumeofpoetryTheMarbleFaunandhisfirstnovelSoldiers’Pay.在他的朋友菲尔斯通和舍伍德·安德森的帮助下,福克纳发表了诗集《玉石雕像》和他的第一部小说《士兵的报酬》。7.MostofFaulkner’sworksarefocusedontheSouthernsubjectsandconsciousness.福克纳大部分作品主题是南方主题与意识。8.WilliamFaulknercreateshisownmythicalkingdomthatmirrorsnotonlythedeclineoftheSouthernsocietyofAmericabutalsothespiritualwastelandofthewholeAmericansociety.福克纳创造了自己的神话王国,不仅反映了美国南方社会的衰落,而且映射了整个美国社会的精神荒原。(大题)9.AccordingtoWilliamFaulkner,thelife-deathcycle,thespringandwinteroftheearth,thebirthanddeathoftheanimalsisreality.根据威廉·福克纳,生死循环,地球上春季和冬季的交替,动物的出生和死亡这些都是现实。10.AcarefulstudyofFaulkner’sprotagonistswillrevealaprevailingtruth,thatis,almostallhisheroesturnouttobetragic.仔细研究福克纳的主角,就会发现一个普遍的道理,那就是,几乎所有他的英雄最后都是悲惨的。(大题)11.Inmostofhiswritings,WilliamFaulknerdeliberatelybrokeupthechronologyofhisnarrativebyjuxtaposingthepastwiththepresent,inthewaythemontagedoesinamovie.在他的大部分著作中,福克纳以电影中蒙太奇的方式,刻意打破了他叙述的时间顺序,把过去与现在并置。(大题)12.The20th-centurystream-of-consciousnesstechniquewasfrequentlyandskillfullyusedbyFaulknertoemphasizethereactionsandinnermusingsofthenarrator.20世纪的意识流的写作手法被福克纳频繁并熟练地使用以突出叙述者的反应和内心的思考。(大题)13.Faulknerusedthenarrativetechniquestoconstructhisstories,whichincludesymbolismandmythologicalandbiblicalallusions.福克纳运用大量的叙事手法来构筑他的故事,其中包括象征主义手法,神话和圣经典故。(大题)阅读理解1.“theyrosewhensheentered——asmall,fatwomaninblack,withathingoldchaindescendingtoherwaistandvanishingintoherbelt,leaningonanebonycanewithatarnishedgoldhead.Herskeletonwassmallandspare;perhapsthatwaswhywhatwouldhavebeenmerelyplumpnessinanotherwasobesityinher.Shelookedbloated,likeabodylongsubmergedinmotionlesswater,andofthatpallidhue.Hereyes,lostinthefattyridgesofherface,lookedliketwosmallpiecesofcoalpressedintoalumpofdoughastheymovedfromonefacetoanotherwhilethevisitorsstatedtheirerrand.”Questions:A.Whoisthewriterofthestory?whatisthetitleofthestory?B.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentences?C.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassageabouttheprotagonist?(2013.4)答案:A.Faulkner,ARoseforEmily.B.Becauseofhesmallframe,alittleextraweight,whichmadewomenoflargerframelookfat,madeherexcessivelyfat.C.Emily,theprotagonist,iseccentric.Sherefusestogooutandtoacceptthepassageoftime,theinevitablechangeandlossthataccompaniesit.SheisasymboloftheOldSouthandaprisonerofthepast.

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