高中英语语法专题讲解与练习

英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。中学课本中需掌握的时态主要有九种：

一、一般现在时（The Simple Present Tense） 1、结构

1）(Active) do; does

2）(Passive) is (am, are) done 2、主要用法 ①表示经常发生的动作和存在的状态。 e.g. I often come to school early. ②表示主语的特征，性格和能力。

e.g. He is an engineer. He looks young. ③表示客观事实，或普遍真理。

e.g. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 ④在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 e.g. I’ll tell him about it when he returns home. ⑤表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。（只限于表示起始或移动意义的动词。begin, come, leave, start, arrive, go, etc.）

e.g. I will find out when the train leaves. The plane for San Francisco takes off at three p.m.. 3、与一般现在时连用的时间状语：every day, once a week, twice a week, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never etc. e.g. I go to the cinema once a week. e.g. Sometimes we work until twelve o’clock. 4、主动变被动

1）Do you often clean your room? Is your room often cleaned?

2）People speak English in many countries. English is spoken in many countries. 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数

talk______forget______hope______stop______perform______play______say______ buy______worry______fly______study_______like_______make______take______ love_______recite_______become_______come_______drive_______shine_______ leave_____wake_______ride_______write_______hike______give______see______sw

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im______stop______shop_______plan______get_______sit_______let_______ cut_______run_______forget_______begin_______wash_____watch_______ finish______teach_____fish_______reach_______go_______do_____ 二.用所给单词的适当形式填空.

1. We often______(play) in the playground. 2. He _____(get) up at six o’clock.

3. _____you ______(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What (do) ______he usually (do)______ after school?

5. Danny _____(study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art an school. 6. Mike sometimes ________(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she __________(watch) TV with his parents. 8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?

9. How many lessons_________your classmate________(have) on Monday? 10. What time_________his mother_________(do) the housework? 三. 改句子

1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)

2. I have many books. （改为否定句）

3. Gao Shan’s sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）

4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）

5. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）

6. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）

7. We have four lessons.（改为否定句）

8. Nancy doesn’t run fast （改为肯定句）

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9. My dog runs fast. （改为否定句）

10. Mike has two letters for him.（改为一般疑问句：否定句）

11. I usually play football on Friday afternoon.（否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问）

12. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.（否定句: 一般疑问句:划线提问）

13. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day（否定句: 般疑问句: 划线提问）

14. Tom does his homework at home.（否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问） 被动语态

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build ( )2.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.

A. is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow ( )3.So far,the moon ____ by man already.

A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited ( )4.A talk on Chinese history _____ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives ( )5.The doctor _____ for yet.

A. isn’t sent B.hasn't been sent C.won't be sent D.wasn't sent ( )6.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

A. knows B.knew C.is known D.was known 二、主动语态变被动语态

1. Has anybody fed the birds?

2. People will never forget the accident.

3.They are repairing the car in the garage.

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4.Someone must take care of the children when we go out.

5.We must finish the work by six o'clock this afternoon.

6.Do you often clean your room?

7.They are making this type of radios in shanghai.

二、一般过去时（The Simple Past Tense） 1、结构

1）(Active) did

2）(Passive) was/were done 2、主要用法 ①表示过去的动作或状态。 ②表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，也可用：used to + v. 或 would + v. e.g. He used to have two brothers. e.g. When he was free, he would go and help others. ③在条件和时间状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。

e.g. I told him I would lend him my bike if Mr. Smith returned it to me the next day. 3、一般过去时常与这些时间状语连用：yesterday, before liberation, in 1960, two years ago, last month, in the past, the other day, etc.

e.g. I happened to meet him in the street the other day. 4、主动变被动

1）The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl.

The little girl was frightened by the tiger in the zoo. 2）They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. He was given a medal for his wonderful work. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空 (A)

Last year Mr. Smith _____ (go ) to China and Japan. He _____ (have) a wonderful time. He _____ (do) a lot of different things and _____ (talk) to a great number of different people. He _____ (eat) Chinese and Japanese food and _____ (visit) a lot of interesting places. When he _____ (go) back to England, he _____ (be) very tired. (B)

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A week ago, Kitty and Ben _________ (be) in the countryside. At first, the wind _________ (blow) lightly. The leaves ___________ (blow) slightly in the wind. They ________ (fly) their kite happily in the gentle breeze. Suddenly, the wind ________ (become) stronger. The clouds in the sky _______ (move) quickly. Leaves ________ (fall) from trees. The string on Ben’s kite _________ (break). The sky became dark. Kitty and Ben ________ (go ) home immediately. Kitty and Ben ________ (stay) at home. They __________ (watch) TV. The wind became much stronger. It _________ (blow) fiercely. It became a typhoon. Trees_____ (fall) down. Ships and boats __________ (sink) in the big waves. The typhoon _______ (pass) quickly. The wind became gentler. The big clean-up ________ (begin) immediately. Kitty and Ben went outside again.

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1） AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）

cost（花费） cost cost shut shut shut

cut（割） cut cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英) hit（打） hit hit hurt 伤害） hurt hurt let（让） let let put（放） put put read （读） read read (2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形） beat（跳动） beat beaten (3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）

become（变成） became become awake awoke awoken come（来） came come run（跑） ran run (4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）

dig（挖） dug dug build built built get（得到） got got/gotten catch caught caught hang（吊死） hanged hanged deal dealt dealt hang（悬挂） hung hung feed fed fed hold（抓住） held held find found found shine（照耀） shone shone sit（坐） sat sat pay paid paid win （赢） won won send sent sent meet（遇见） met met shoot shot shot keep （保持） kept kept tell told told sleep（睡） slept slept win won won sweep（扫） swept swept feel（感觉） felt felt smell（闻） smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled leave（离开） left left build（建设） built built lend（借出） lent lent send （传送） sent sent spend（花费） spent spent lose （丢失） lost lost burn （燃烧） burnt burnt learn（学习） learnt learnt mean（意思是） meant meant catch（抓住） caught caught

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teach（教） taught taught bring（带来） brought brought fight （战斗） fought fought buy（买） bought bought think（想） thought thought hear （听见） heard heard sell（卖） sold sold tell（告诉） told told say（说） said said find（找到） found found have/has（有） had had make（制造） made made stand（站） stood stood understand明白understood understood (5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）

begin（开始） began begun take（取） took taken drink（喝） drank drunk mistake（弄错） mistook mistaken ring（铃响） rang rung ride（骑） rode ridden sing （唱） sang sung do（做） did done swim（游泳） swam swum write（写） wrote written blow（吹） blew blown go（去）went gone draw （画） drew drawn lie（平躺） lay lain fly（飞） flew flown see（看见） saw seen grow（生长） grew grown wear （穿） wore worn know（知道） knew known be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been throw（投掷） threw thrown show（出示） showed shown break（打破） broke broken choose（选择） chose chosen forget（忘记） forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/born speak（说，讲） spoke spoken draw drew drawn wake（醒） woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed

drive（驾驶） drove driven hide hid hidden eat（吃） ate eaten lay laid laid 放置 fall（落下） fell fallen lie lied lied 撒谎 give（给） gave given lie lay lain 躺

rise（升高） rose risen see saw seen shake shook shaken steal stole stolen

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can----could may---might will---would shall---should must----must

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