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译林牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
Module 1 – Module 5
长沙县三中英语备课组
编者：陈露 彭星辉 刘雄 江宏宇 周秋兰 蒋璐
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
模块一 Unit 1 School life 一、单词解析
1．enjoyable有乐趣的，enjoy, v. 喜欢，享受。-able,形容词后缀。
2．experience经历，体验，ex-,外，per-,每个，-ience,谐音:人事，外面的人和事，就是一个人的经历。 3．assembly集会，会议,
4． headmaster校长,head,头，master,主人。
5．earn 获得；赚，挣得,learn，学习，学习就是获得知识。
6．respect尊敬，敬重,re-,反复，pect,看，对尊敬的人就反复的看，一步三回头。inspect,监测，suspect，怀疑
7．devote 致力于；献身，devotion， n.
8．literature文学literary 文学的, 9．average 一般的，普通的；平均的,aver-,平均，age,年龄
10．struggle奋斗，努力；挣扎，难事；斗争；努力, 谐音:死抓哥，努力奋斗多抓钱。
11．challenging具有挑战性的,
chanllenge,n.&v. 谐音：拆灵芝，白素贞为许仙抢灵芝，多难呀。
12．encouragement 鼓励,en-,使动，courage,勇气，encourage，v.鼓励
13．cooking做饭；烹饪，烹调,cook,v. 14．for free 免费
15．extra 额外的，外加的 16．fond喜爱的，喜欢的, 17．be fond of喜爱，喜欢
18．Spanish 西班牙语（的）；西班牙人（的）,Spain, 西班牙 19．sculpture 雕像，雕塑, 20．dessert 甜点,desert,沙漠 21．look back (on) 回忆，回顾
22．satisfaction 满意,sati,谐音：塞他，越塞越满。 satisfy,v.使...满意，
satisfied,adj.感到满意的，satisfying，令人满意的 23．surf冲浪
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24．academic学业的，学术的,阿卡德摩斯，希腊神话中的一位农夫，他告知海伦哥哥海伦的下落，避免了一场大战，所以被人们尊敬，他有一个橄榄园，后来成为希腊学者柏拉图教授贵族子弟的所在地，所以用他的名字来命名学院：academy,学院，Academy Award，学院奖，奥斯卡奖
25．exchange 交换；交流,ex-,外，change,改变。
26．former 以前的,fore,在...前面
before,以前，foretell,预言，forefather,祖先
27．graduate 毕业生，毕业，graduation n.
28．fluent 流利的,
fluently, adv. flu,流感，flow,流动， 29．painting 绘画，绘画作品,paint,v. 30．donate 捐赠,谐音：都拿他，都拿出来捐赠给他，donation n.
31．kindness善意, kind,adj. 友好的。 32．splendid 极佳的，非常好的 33．independent 的,in-,不，depend,依赖，-ent,形容词后缀,depend, v.依赖。34．make use of 利用
35．title （书的）名称；（文章的）题目，篇名,谐音：太拖，标题不能太拖拉。
36．dynasty 朝代，王朝,
37．somehow不知为什么；不知怎么地 38．recent 新近的，最近的, recently, adv. 与完成时连用
39．professor 教授,pro-,向前，fess,说，-or,人，每天面向学生说话的人。 40．inform 通知，告知,in-,里面，form，形成，在脑子里形成映象，即通知
41．opening hours 开放时间 42．run 管理；操作
43．host 主持人；主人，东道主，hostess，女主人，女主持人
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
44．approve 批准，通过；赞成，同意,ap-,强调，prove,证明,反复证明可行，就可以批准通过了。
45．charge 使承担责任；收费，负责，掌管，change ,改变 46．in charge of 负责，掌管
47．schoolmate 同学，校友mate,伙伴，classmate,同班同学，workmate,同事，roommate,室友。
48．broadcast 广播，播放,broad,广阔的，cast,撒播
49．preparation 准备，筹备,pre-,提前，-tion,名词后缀，prepare，v.
50．event （重要）事件；社交活动；比赛项目,e-,外，vent,来= go,外面什么来了，就是发生了什么事。 51．outing 短途旅行，远足
52．graduation 毕业，graduate， v. 53．poet 诗人,poem,诗歌
54．generation 一代，一代人,gene,基因，就是一代一代延续的
55．literary 文学的, literature，文学 56．select v. 选择，挑选，selection n. 57．courtyard 庭院，院子,court,方形的，yard,院子。
58．composition作品，成分,com-,一起，pose,摆放，把文字、音符等放到一起，compose，v.作词，编曲。
二、Reading 课文详解 School life in the UK P2
Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. (1. ) I was very happy with(2. )the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual ,as schools in China begin before8 a.m. 在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。我很满意英国的上学时间，因为那里是大约9点开始上学，下午3：30放学，这意味着我可以比平常晚起床一个小时，因为在中国8点之前就开始上课了。
On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly(3. ) in the school hall. I sat next to (4. )a girl whose name was Diane. We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to (5. )study and achieve high grades (6. ). This sounded like(7. ) my school in China. 第一天，所有新同学在学校大厅参加集会，我坐在一个叫戴安的同学旁边。我们很快成为最好的朋友。在会议期间，校长告诉我们关于学校的规则。他还告诉我们，获得尊敬最好的方式是致力于学习和获得高分。这听起来和中国学校一样。
I had many teachers in the past year. Mr Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke. I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size (8. )for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. 在过去的一年里，我有很多的老师，黑伍德先生，也就是我的班主任，对我很有帮助；我最喜欢的老师是伯尔克小姐，我喜欢她教的英国文学课。在我们班有28个同学，这差不多是英国学校的
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
平均班额。我们在不同的教室上不同的课，上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字是一件难事。
I found the homework was not as heavy as( 9. )what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first, because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky, as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French. 我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重，可是一开始我还是觉得有点挑战性，因为所有的作业都是英文的。让我感到幸运的是，所有老师都给了我极大的鼓励，也喜欢所学的科目：英语、历史、英国文学，计算机，数学、科学、体育、艺术、烹饪和法语。
My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free(10. ). I also had an extra French class on Tuesday
evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of( 11. ) the cake that I made. 我的英语提高了很多，因为我每天都使用英语而且我每天花一小时在图书馆看英语书，我经常在中午休息的时候去计算机俱乐部，这样我就可以免费给国内你的家人和朋友发邮件了。我还在每周二的晚上有一节法语课，烹饪课也很有趣，因为我可以学到如何购买、准备和烹饪食物，在学期末，我们有举行班级聚会，我们都需要做一些食物，让我很高兴的是我同学都很喜欢我做的蛋糕。
Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can stop studying ( 12. )some subjects if they don’t like them, for example, History, French and Art. They can choose other subjects like Woodwork, Computer Science or Languages, such as Spanish, German. In Art class that I took, I made a small sculpture. Though it did not look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very much. 那里的学生必须要学数学、英语和科学，但是可以不学一些他们不喜欢的科目，例如历史和法语。他们可以选择像艺术和计算机技术等课程，或者像西班牙语和德语等语言类课程。在我修的艺术课上，我做了一个雕塑，尽管它完成时看起来不是很漂亮，但我仍然很喜欢它。
I missed Chinese food a lot at lunch. British food is very different. British people like eating desserts at the end of their main meal. After lunch, we usually played on the school field. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass. 在吃中餐的时候，我就很想念中国菜；应该食物很不一样，英国人在他们的正餐后喜欢吃甜点。中餐后，我们经常在学校的操场上玩耍，有时我和男孩子们一起踢足球，有时，我就在树下或坐在草地上放松一下。
I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. I look back on( 13. ) my time in the UK with satisfaction. And I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.我很庆幸体验到这种不同的生
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
活方式，回顾我在英国度过的时光，我感到很满意，我也很希望再回到曼彻斯特学习。
三、根据课文内容填空
It was quite an experience to study in a British high school for one year. I could get up an hour 1. ________ (late) than usual. On the first day, the headmaster 2. _________ (tell) us about the rules of the school and that we should devote 3. ________ (us) to study. Because we had different classes in different rooms, it was a struggle for me 4. ____________(remember) my classmates. The homework was 5. ________ bit challenging, but my teachers gave me much 6. ______________ (encourage). I could send e-mails 7. _______ my family and friends back home for free. I liked 8. _________ (cook) and also took many subjects. I once made a small sculpture. I liked it very much 9. __________ it didn’t look very beautiful. I 10. _________(value) the experience forever.
四、Project课文详解
Starting a new school club P18
We have a radio club in our school. It is great because it is run by the students for the school. I am lucky as I am one of the hosts. 我们学校有一个广播俱乐部。这个俱乐部的非常之处在于它是由学生们自己为学校创办的。我很幸运地成了其中的一名主持人。
It was started two years ago. One day, I just began thinking about music for everyone, so I asked the headmaster if music could be played during break times. He approved the idea, and two years later I am in charge of (1. )the radio club as the oldest student member. Our club is much more than (2. )just music. Every morning we tell our schoolmates about the weather, recent news, and some special messages that the teachers want us to
broadcast. 广播俱乐部是两年前创立的。有一天，我萌发了为大家播放音乐的念头，于是我就问校长能否在休息时间给同学们播放音乐，校长同意了。两年后，我作为元老负责校广播俱乐部的工作。我们的俱乐部现在不只是播放音乐。每天早上我们向同学们播报天气情况和时事新闻，还有老师们要我们播出的一些特别告示。
During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things they should do for preparation. At the end of(3. ) the school year, many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their close friends and teachers. 到了考试的时候我们就会做一档特别节目，告诉学生们复习迎考的注意事项。每当学年结束的时候，许多即将毕业离校的学生就会借助我们的广播俱乐部向他们的好友和老师留下毕业致辞。
When parents come to visit the school and talk to the teachers, we often play songs sung by students, and we also give messages to inform the parents of events such as outings and school plays. 每逢家长来访、与老师交谈的时候，我们常常播放一些由学生们自己演唱的歌曲。我们还会广播一些通知，告诉家长们有关诸如远足、校内戏剧表演之类的活动讯息：
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
I shall miss the radio club after graduation, but I know that it will continue
without me. (Kate Jones) 毕业后，我会想念广播俱乐部的，但我知道，没有我，它还会继续办下去的。（凯特·琼斯）
Our school club 'Poets of the Next Generation' is a literary club that was started by our English teacher Mr. Owen. We meet on the last Friday of every month to talk about poems and poets that we like. In the club meetings, we first select poems that we love, and then read them aloud. We also discuss poems in our meetings. 我们的校内俱乐部“下一代诗人”是由我们的英语老师欧文先生发起的一个文学俱乐部。每个月的最后一个星期五我们会聚在一起讨论喜爱的诗歌和诗人。聚会的时候，我们首先挑选出我们喜爱的诗歌，然后朗诵这些诗歌。我们还在聚会时讨论诗歌。
When I attended the first meeting(4. ), I was required to write a poem and I had to read it to the club. I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying. (5. ) I once read a poem about nature in the school courtyard. I chose an old tree and gathered everyone under it before I read. The club members said it was one of the best compositions they had heard. (Bob Shaw)我第一次参加聚会的时候，被要求写一首诗，还得当着俱乐部成员的面进行朗诵。起初我觉得有些紧张，但所有的成员都是那么亲切、支好，我很快就不担心了。有一次，我在学校花园里朗诵了一首表现大自然的诗歌。朗诵前．我选择了一棵老树，把大家都聚集在树下。俱乐部成员们都说那是他们听过的最好的诗歌之一。（鲍勃·肖）
五、根据课文内容单句改错，每句一个错误。
1. I am lucky as I am one of the host. _____________
2. Two years later I am in the charge of the radio club as the oldest student member. ___________ 3. Many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their closely friends and teachers. __________________
4. When parents come to visit the school and, we often play songs sing by students. ____________
5. The club members said it was one of the good compositions they had heard. _____
M1 Unit 2 Growing pains (成长的烦恼)
一、 单词解析
1、act （戏剧的）一幕 frightened,感到害怕的，frightening令2、curtain 窗帘；（舞台上的）帷幕,人害怕的 谐音：可疼，别老拉窗帘，拉起来可6、be supposed to 应该……，应疼了。 当…… 3、can't wait to do something 迫不7、bend （使）弯曲，弯腰，屈身 及待地做某事 8、starve 挨饿；饿死， 使挨饿 4、soccer <美>英式足球，足球 star,星星，-ve, 谐音：吾，我们不能只5、frightened 受惊的；害怕的 = 看星星，否则会挨饿。 afraid, fright,v.吓唬，使..害怕，
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
9、garbage <美>（生活）垃圾,谐音：31、 bicycle 自行车,bi-,两个，夹白纸，把垃圾夹起来。 cycle,圆圈 10、 pizza比萨饼，意大利饼 32、 hardworking 工作努力的；11、 sink 下沉，沉没，水池，水辛勤的 槽，洗碗池,think，沉思。 33 、 stay up 不睡觉，熬夜 12、 garbage can <美>垃圾桶 13、 adult 成年人,谐音:爱打儿的，成年人爱打自己的孩子。 14、 tolerate 容忍；允许, 谐音：逃了忍他。can’t tolerate doing， 不能容忍做... 15、 behavior 行为，举止,behave, v. 16、 teenager （13-19岁的）青少年,teen=ten,十，age,年龄，-er, 人,十几岁的人。 17、 fault 过错，错误, 谐音：佛的，佛是不犯错误的。 18、 scene （戏剧的）一场；场面；景色 19、 upset 使不高兴，使失望，不高兴的，失望的 20、 defend 辩解，辩白,de-,下，fend,篱笆，底下造篱笆，用于抵御防备，defence, n. 21、 emergency 突发事件；紧急情况,e-,外，merge,冒出来，出现 22、 anyhow 反正；尽管如此 23、 deserve 值得；应得；应受,de-,在...下面，serve, v. 服务。 24、 explanation解释，说明,explain,解释--ation,名词 25、 clinic 诊所 26、 hard 苛刻的，严厉的=difficult=tough, 27、 be hard on 对……苛刻，对……严厉 28、 now that 既然；由于 29、 rude 粗鲁的，无礼的,谐音：鲁的 30、 sign 叹气,谐音：哎，叹气声 7
34、 handle 处理；应付,hand,手，-dle,谐音：抖，手抖一下，就处理好了。 35、 error 错误 36、 mix up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌合 37、 guidance 指导，引导,guide, v.指导，♀导游。 38、 as if 好像，似乎 39、 insist坚持，坚持认为in-,里面，sist=sit,坐，坐在里面不走了，坚持到底。 40、 insist on 坚持，坚持认为 41、 DVD 数字多功能光碟（digital versatile disc的缩写） 42、 cafe 咖啡馆，小餐馆 43、 Internet cafe 网吧 44、 chat 聊天，闲聊 45、 at present 现在 46、 argument 争吵，辩论；论点，论据,argue, 47、 freedom 自由,free, 自由的。 48、 worried 担心的，担忧的,worry, v.worry about=be worried about, 担忧... 49、 harm 伤害,谐音：害 50、 foolish愚蠢的, fool, v.愚弄 n.傻瓜 51、 patience 耐心, 谐音：陪生死，肯定是有耐心的人才会陪着， patient, adj. 耐心的 52、 selfish 自私的,self,自己，-ish, 形容词后缀 53、 distant 不友好的，冷淡的，疏远的；遥远的,di-,分，stant=stand,站，分开站，说明关系疏远，distance, n. 距离
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
54、 annoyed 愤怒的，生气的,an-,强调，noy,联想为boy，一个调皮的男孩让人感到愤怒。
55、 forbid 禁止,谐音：佛鄙的，佛鄙视的就该禁止，forbade,forbidden,
56、 adolescence 青春期 ,adult,成年人
57、 along with与…一起
58、 misunderstand误解,mis-,错误，understand,理解。
59、 normal 正常（的），一般（的）,谐音：乱摸，正常的人不会到处乱摸。
60、 confused 困惑的，不解
的,con-,一起，fuse,融合，融合在一起了，无法分辨，所以困惑不解。confuse, v.，使...
困惑 confusion, n, 困惑，confusing, adj. 令人困惑的
61、 physical 身体的；物质的 c physics,物理学，PE=physical education,体育。
62、 psychological 心理
的,psychology,心理学。logy,逻辑，学说，biology，生物学。
63、 tend 往往；趋向，照看 intend, 企图，attend参加,照顾，attention, 注意力 、 limit ；极限；界限，谐音：厘米的，在一厘米的范
围内， limitation, n. 65、 wisdom 智慧 ,wise, adj. 明智的
66、 independence ,in-,不，depend,依靠，independent, adj. 的
67、 balance 平衡；抵消
68、 last 持续，维持（一段时间）， 持久，最后的。 69、 challenge n.&v. 挑战, challenging具有挑战性的, 谐音：拆灵芝，白素贞为许仙抢灵芝
二、Reading课文详解 Home alone 小鬼当家 P22
Act One第一幕
Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected ( 1. ). The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter.妈妈和爸爸外出度假，比预期的时间提前一天返回家中。妈妈和爸爸进门时，窗帘紧闭，起居室里黑咕隆咚的。
Dad: It’s so nice to be home! 爸爸： 回家的感觉真好啊！
Mom: Yes, I can’t wait to( 2. ) surprise the boys!妈妈： 是啊，我迫不及待地要给儿子们一个惊喜呢！
Suddenly the door opens and a soccer ball flies through the room. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.突然，门开了，一只足球飞了进来。埃里克随后跑进起居室，身后跟着一条大狗，走路慢吞吞的。
Eric: Mom! Dad! You’re back early! (looking around room, sounding frightened) But, but … you weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow ( 3. )埃里克：妈妈！爸爸！你们这么早就回来了呀！ （四下打量，惊慌地）可是、可是你们应该明天才到家的呀！ The dog slowly walks to Mom and Dad. 狗缓缓地走到妈妈和爸爸身边。
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
Mom: (bending to touch dog) Eric, he’s so tired and hungry! (looking at table) The money for dog food is gone, but Spot looks like he is starving! What did you do with( 4. ) the cash we left?妈妈： （俯身抚摸着狗）埃里克，狗怎么又累又饿的啊! （看了看桌子）买狗食的钱不见了，可是小斑点看上去都饿坏了！你俩用我们留给你们的钱做什么了？
Dad: And look at this room – garbage all over the place! Where is your brother? (shooting angrily ) Daniel! 爸爸： 还有，你们看看这起居室——垃圾满地都是！你哥哥在哪儿？ （生气地喊）丹尼尔！ Daniel: (running into room)
Mom, Dad, I can explain …丹尼尔：（跑进起居室）妈妈，爸爸，我可以跟你们解释„„
Dad opens the curtains and light comes into the room. The room is in a mess, (5. )with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink. In the corner, there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper. (6. )爸爸拉开窗帘，光线一下子照进屋里。起居室里一片狼藉：地板上堆放着比萨饼盒子，洗碗池里全是脏碗碟。角落里有只垃圾桶，在其周围还有垃圾和废纸。 Mom and Dad both turn towards Daniel. 妈妈和爸爸同时转向丹尼尔。 Dad: (sounding very angry) Listen to me, young man – we left you in charge! ( 7. )We thought you could act like an adult, but look at the mess! I don’t know why the house is so dirty…爸爸： （非常生气地）听我说，年轻人——我们将这个家交给你负责！我们原以为你的行为举止能像个大人样了，可看看这片狼籍！我不知道为什么这个房子弄得这么脏„„
Mom: Daniel, we thought you were an adult, a person who would make good
decisions …妈妈： 丹尼尔，我们还以为你是成年人了，是一个会做出正确决定的人.
Dad: How can we trust you any more? We won’t tolerate such behavior in our house! 爸爸： 我们怎么能再信任你？在我们家里可不能容忍这种行为！
Daniel: (shouting) Stop shouting at me. I’m still a teenager! Why is everything always my fault?丹尼尔：（叫喊着）别对我大喊大叫好不好？我还只是个少年！为什么什么事总是我的过错？
Daniel runs into his bedroom and shuts the door angrily. Mom and Dad look at each other as lights go out. 丹尼尔冲进自己的卧室，愤怒地关上房门。妈妈和爸爸面面相觑，灯光灭。
End of Act One第一幕完
Act Two, Scene One 第二幕，第一场
Daniel and Eric’s bedroom. Eric sits on his bed. Daniel has his arms crossed ( 8. )and looks upset. 丹尼尔和埃里克的卧室：埃里克坐在床上，丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。
Daniel: They never even gave me a chance to defend myself. I hate them!丹尼尔： 他们压根儿就不给我一个辩解的机会。我讨厌他们：
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
Eric: You don’t hate them. I can tell them we had an emergency. Then they won’t be mad any more. 埃里克： 你可不要讨厌他们!我可以告诉他们发生了紧急情况：解释之后他们就不会再生气了。’
Daniel: No, don’t tell them anything. Anyhow, they didn’t trust me. They don’t deserve an explanation. Let them think what they want.丹尼尔： 别，什么都不用跟他们说。不管怎样，他们不信任我：他们不配得到解释。他们愿意怎么想就让他们怎么想好了。
Eric: But Daniel, if they knew that Spot was sick and that we used the money to take him to the clinic … 埃里克： 可是丹尼尔．如果他们知道小斑点生病了．我们用那笔钱带小斑点去看了兽医„„
Daniel: And that we spent all of yesterday waiting( 9. ) there for him, and that is why we had no time to clean the house … but no, Eric, why didn’t they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me?丹尼尔： 还有，我们昨天在兽医那儿呆了一整天，正因为如此，我们才没有时间打扫房子„„可是，不，埃里克，为什么他们不问问我到底发生了什么事就对我大喊大叫呢？ Act Two, Scene Two 第二幕，第二场
Mom: Do you think we were too hard on Danie( 10. )l? Perhaps there is a reason why the house is a mess …( 11. ) 妈妈： 你觉得我们刚才对丹尼尔是不是太苛刻了呢？有可能家里一团糟是有原因的
Dad: Maybe, but now that ( 12. )he has been so rude to us, I feel like (13. )we have to punish him or he won’t respect us.爸爸： 也许吧，可是既然他对我们那么粗鲁无礼．那我觉得我们有必要教训教训他，要不然他不会尊重我们的。
Mom: Oh, why does this have to be so difficult? 妈妈： 哎，干嘛非得这么麻烦啊？
Mom sighs. 妈妈叹了口气。 End of Act Two第二幕完 三、根据课文内容填空
When Dad and Mom came home a day earlier 1.__________ expected, they found the dog was so tired and hungry. The money for dog is gone. There was garbage all over the place. The room was 2.__________ a mess. Dad and Mom were 3.__________ (anger) with their children. They shouted at Daniel without giving him a chance to defend 4.__________. In fact, the dog was sick, so they had to use the money to take him to the clinic. Daniel and Eric spend all of that day waiting there for him. That’s 5.__________ they had no time to clean the house. Then Daniel and Eric entered their bedroom. Eric 6.__________ (sit) on his bed, and Daniel had his arms 7.__________ (cross) and looked upset. Eric suggested they 8.__________ explain to their parents, but Daniel thought they didn’t deserve 9._________ explanation. After that, Mom felt a little regretful and thought they shouldn’t 10.__________ (be) too hard on Daniel, but Dad thought Daniel was rude to them, and didn’t show respect for them.
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
四、Project课文详解 Growing pains 成长的烦恼 P38
Many teenagers feel lonely( 1. ), as if no one understands them and the changes they are going through( 2. ). Day by day, ( 3. )everything seems different, yet the same. Life never seems to be going fast enough; yet, in other ways, like a race car, life seems to be rushing too fast and even going out of control. ( 4. ) Has anyone else ever felt this way?很多青少年感到孤独，好像没有人理解他们以及他们正在经历的变化。日子一天天过去，而所有事情似乎都是不同的，可又都是一成不变的。生活似乎从不过得足够快；而从别的方面看，生活似乎过得太快甚至于失控，像开赛车一样。别的人也有过同感么？
These feelings are a common part of adolescence – the time of life between child and adult. And, though it may sometimes be difficult to believe, you are not alone – every adult has gone through adolescence, and your friends are going through it right now along with you. It is common for teenagers to feel lonely and misunderstood. ( 5. )These feelings can be thought of as growing pains – the difficulties that teenagers face as they grow to adults.这些感觉是青春期——介于孩童和成人之间的人生阶段——的正常组成部分。而且，虽然有时难以相信，并非只有你才是这样——每一个成年人都经历过青春期，而你的朋友和你一样正经历这个阶段。对青少年而言，感到孤独和被误解是很普遍的。这些情感可以看作是成长的烦恼——是青少年迈向成年时所面对的困难。
As teenagers grow, it is normal for them to become confused with the changing world both inside and outside of them. During adolescence, teenagers go through great physical changes. They grow taller and their voices get deeper, among many other developments.在青少年成长的时候，对自己无论体内还是体外的状态变化感到困惑对他们而言是正常现象。在青春期，青少年经历着身体上的巨大变化。他们个子长高，声音变低，还有很多其他的成长发育。
Along with these physical changes, there come many psychological changes. Boys and girls tend to ( 6. )be different in this regard. Many boys become risk-takers ——they want to find their own limits and the limits of the world around them, but may not have the wisdom to make good choices in their behavior. At the same time, girls often want someone – anyone – to talk to, as they try to deal with their strong feelings.与这些生理变化同时而来的，还有很多心理上的变化。男孩和女孩在这方面往往有所不同。很多男孩成为危险尝试者——他们希望找到自己的局限和他们周边世界的局限，但也许并不具有对其行为作出正确抉择的智慧。而与此同时，女孩则通常需要和某个人——或任何人进行交谈，因为她们试图面对自己强烈的情感。
In the social world, as teenagers get older, they struggle to depend on themselves. ( 7. )They may badly want and need their parents’ love, yet feel distant; they may want to be part of the group, yet desire independence. Since teenagers have difficulty balancing( 8. ) these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society.在大千社会中，随着青少年长大，他们努力地自力更生。他们或许迫切需要父母的关爱，却又感觉疏远；他们或许想要成为
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
团体的一员，但又渴望。正因为青少年们在平衡这些需要时有困难，所以他们经常质疑自己到底是谁以及怎样融入社会。
The good news is that these kinds of growing pains do not last. In the end
everything turns out OK —— the teenager becomes a healthy adult, and this period of change and challenging is traded for the changes and challenges of grown-up life.好在这些成长的烦恼并不会持久。最终一切都会好起来一—青少年成长为健康的成年人，而青春期的变化和挑战则转变为成人生活中的种种变化和挑战。
M1 Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good 看起来好，感觉好
一、单词解析 1.work out 锻炼 损坏了。 2.slim 苗条的，纤细的,slim,身材为S18.attractive 有吸引力的，有魅力形的林志玲。 的,attract, v. 吸引，at-，强调，一再，3.figure 体形；数字；人物,谐音：肥tract，拖，把3个t字母想象成钩子，鼓，身材肥胖。 勾引 4.ashamed惭愧的，羞愧的,shame, 羞19.embarrassed尴尬的，不好意思的，愧， be ashamed of 对...感到羞愧。 难为情的,em-,里面，bar（r）,酒吧，ass,5.weight-loss减肥，瘦身 屁股，第一次在酒吧里扭屁股跳舞，感6.pill 药丸，药片,谐音：片儿，药片儿。 觉很尴尬。 7.kilogram 千克，公斤,kilo-,千，gram，20.pressure 压力,press, 动词，压，克。 印刷，-ure,名词后缀 8.work起作用，有效果，奏效 21.overweight 肥胖的，体重超标的 9.energetic精力充沛的，充满活力22.diet 节食；日常饮食vi节食，控制的,energy, n. 精力,谐音：俺能骑，说饮食 明精力充沛。 23.go on a diet 节食 10.recover 重新获得，恢复，复原，24.prefer更喜欢,pre-,提前，fer,拿，提恢复健康,re-,重新， cover,覆盖 前拿走，因为更喜欢。 11.liver肝脏,live,生活，没有肝脏就不25.waist 腰，腰部；腰围,wait,等待 能生活。 26.suffer受苦；遭受（磨难）,谐音：杀12.failure 衰退，衰竭；失败；故障，佛，孙悟空想杀如来佛，结果受苦了。 失灵,谐音：非礼，大喊一声：非礼呀，27.athlete 运动员,谐音：爱死你了，于是失败了，fail, v.失败。 因为你是得了金牌的运动员。 13.contain 包含；容纳,con-,一起，tain,28.effect 效果，作用；影响,effective,有拿，拿到一起，装起来。 效果的，affect, v. 影响 14.chemical 化学的，化学物29.side effect 副作用 质,chemistry,化学学科，chemist,化学家，30.fall out （头发等）脱落 药剂师 32.affect 影响；（病毒）感染
15.treatment 治疗；待遇；处理,treat, 33.achievement 成就,achieve, v . 谐v. 对待，招待。 音：啊，妻一屋，有成就的人才可以娶16.painful 令人头疼的，痛苦的,pain,一屋子的老婆。 痛苦，-ful,形容词后缀，充满...的 34.post （在网上发布的）帖子 17.damage 损害，伤害,谐音：打米机，35.membership 会员资格，成员资
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
格,member,成员，-ship,身份，关系。 52.skip 跳过，略过；蹦跳着走 36.including包括, include, v. 53.properly 适当地 37.branch 分支；分部；树枝,r指分叉。 54.mostly 主要地；通常,most, adj. 主38.downtown 在市中心，往市中心要的 （尤指商业中心区） 55.system身体，（器官）系统；体系；39.freeway<美>高速公路 制度,谐音：系统 40. midnight 午夜,mid-,中间的，56.skin 皮肤 midlle school,中学。 57.count数数，认为，算作；重要 41.equipment器材；设备,谐音：一盔披，58.peaceful 平静的；和平的,peace, n.和一件盔甲披身上，就是你的装备。 平 42.get into shape 强身健体 59.concentrate 集中（注意力、思想等）；43.make the most of 充分利用 全神贯注,con-,一起，centr=center,，44.marathon 马拉松赛跑 -ate,动词后缀。 45.expert 专家,ex-,外，per,每，外面每60.amount 数量，形近词:mountain,件事都知道，那就是专家。 山，一座山上的物种数量很多， a 46.chip 薯条 large（small） amount of, 大（少）量47.sadness 悲伤,sad, adj. 悲伤的 的+不可数名词。 48.comfort 安慰；舒适,com-,一起，fort,61.as a matter of fact = in fact 谐音：抚他，一起安抚他。 事实上，其实 49.useless无用的，无效的,use, useful,62.loss丧失，丢失，损失,lose(lost ,lost) 有用的 v. 50.in the long term 从长远角度看 63.gain=get 增加；获得，赢得 51.approximately大约=about,
二、Reading课文详解 Dying to be thin …想瘦身想得快死了 Hi Zhou Ling嗨，周玲：
How are you? I haven’t heard from you for weeks. Is everything OK with you?你好。好几个星期都没收到你的来信了。一切顺利吗？
Do you still go to the gym every day? I used to go to the gym three times a week, but I don’t work out（ 1. ） any more. I know another way to stay slim. Looking good is important to women, isn’t it?(2. ) Most young women want a slim figure these days, especially here in Canada. I’m trying to lose weight（3. ） because I’m ashamed of （4. ）my body. Since I’m preparing to act in a new TV show, I’m taking weight-loss pills （5. ）called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among（6. ） young women here. I hope to lose at least 10 kilograms. I take two pills a day and don’t need to exercise.你现在还是每天去健身房吗？我以前常去健身房，一周三次，可我现在不再锻炼了。我有了另外一种保持苗条身材的方法。显得美丽对女性来说很重要，难道不是吗？如今，大部分年轻女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大这里尤其是这样。我目前在努力减肥，因为我的体形让我觉得非常羞愧。由于我正准备出演一部新的电视剧，所以我在服用一种名叫Fat-Less的减肥药片，这
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
种药片很受加拿大年轻女性的欢迎。我希望能够至少减去1 0公斤。我每天服用两片，因而也就不用锻炼了。
The pills really work! I’m becoming slimmer and slimmer. （7. ） I’ve lost 7 kilograms in the last two months. However, sometimes I don’t feel so energetic. My mother, who you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous. She says health is the most important thing, and I agree, but then I look so slim at the moment.减肥药片还真的管用哦！我现在可是越发苗条了。前两个月我就减去了7公斤。可是，有时候我感到没有精神。我妈妈（你去年见过她的）一直告诫我不要服用减肥药片，因为减肥药危及健康。她说，健康是最重要的，我同意这个观点，可是我现在看上去多么苗条。
Write soon!快些给我写信哦！ Love Amy爱你的埃米
Dear Zhou Ling, 亲爱的周玲：
Things change so quickly! I’m now in hospital recovering from（8. ）liver failure. I regret taking those weight-loss pills. They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail. The pills were going to completely destroy my liver if I continued taking them. My mother insisted on
sending me to the hospital, where I received good medical treatment. 情况变化实在是太快了！我现在住院了，患的是肝衰竭，正在恢复中。我很后悔服用了那种减肥药片。那些减肥药片里含有某种有害的化学物质，导致了我肝功能衰竭。如果我当时继续服用这些药片，我的肝脏就彻底毁了。我妈妈坚持将我送进了医院。在这儿我得到了很好的治疗。
It was a really painful experience, but I’m feeling better now. I follow my doctor’s advice （9. ）and exercise for at least half an hour every day (but I seldom go to the gym!), and eat lots of fruit and vegetables. People should look after their bodies. My mother is right: don’t damage your health for a slim and attractive figure. It isn’t worth it. We shouldn’t be ashamed of the way we look, should we? （10. ）这的确是一段令人痛苦的经历，但是现在我感觉好多了。我听从医生的建议，每天锻炼至少半小时（但我很少去健身房！），吃很多的水果和蔬菜。人们应该照顾好自己的身体。我妈妈是对的：不要为了苗条、动人的身材毁了自己的健康，那样做是得不偿失的。我们不应该为自己的外表感到羞愧，不是吗？ I hope to hear from you soon. 我希望能够早点儿收到你的回信。 Love, 爱你的 Amy. 埃米
Dear Amy,
My computer was broken so I couldn’t read your two e-mails until today. I’m so sorry to hear about your problem, but I’m glad you’re feeling better and are recovering.亲爱
的埃米： 我的电脑出了故障，所以直到今天才能够看到你的两封电子邮件。得知你的病情
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
我非常难过，但让我感到高兴的是，你现在感觉良好，身体正在恢复中。
You are right. We shouldn’t be embarrassed about（11. ）our weight. I think you look great as you are, and you are a wonderful person. I know that the pressure to stay slim is a problem, especially for an actress. However, your mother knows best: nothing is more important than health. （12. ） 你说得对。我们不应该因为自己的体重感到难为情。我觉得你目前这个样子看上去就很棒，而且你是一个非常优秀的人。我知道，保持身材苗条的压力是问题的症结所在，对一个女演员来说尤其是这样。但是，你妈妈她最清楚不过：没有什么比健康更重要。
It’s the same in China---- many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on a diet （13. ）or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous. I hope they can learn from your story.在中国也是一样的情况——许多人，其中有些人压根儿就不超重，总是在节食，或者是吃减肥药片，这些做法往往是危险的。我希望他们能够从你的经历中汲取教训。 Love, 爱你的 Zhou Ling 周玲
三、根据课文内容填空
These days, most young women want a slim figure. So many women take weight-loss pills not 1.__________ (know) that they can damage their health.
Amy, a Canadian actress, took weight-loss pills called Fat less, 2.__________ are quiet popular among young women in Canada. It really worked and she lost 7 kilograms in two 3.__________(month).
However, the pills contained 4.__________ harmful chemical that caused her liver to fail. Amy’s mother 5.__________(send) her to the hospital 6.__________ (receive) good treatment.
It was a really 7.__________ (pain) experience for Amy, but it is a good lesson for us to learn 8.__________. Most of us don’t realize the importance of health 9.__________ we have lost it thoroughly. We should remember: Nothing is 10.__________________ (important) than health.
五、Project课文详解 Making a booklet on keeping fit 制作健康小册子
The truth is, diet and way of life are often a problem for teenagers. However, the good news is that you can feel better, look better and have more energy if you eat the right food and exercise regularly. 实际情况是，对青少年而言，饮食习惯和生活方式往往是个问题。但好消息是，如果合理饮食，经常锻炼，你就可以感觉更好，气色更好，精力越发充沛。
Healthy eating along with regular exercise( 1. ) is probably the only way to become fit( 2. ). Diets are useless in the long term( 3. ), yet approximately 20% of teenagers say they have tried going on a diet and skipping meals to control their weight. If you eat properly and exercise regularly, you will lose weight, keep fit and feel great. 健康的饮食加上经常锻炼也许是变得健康的唯一途径。从长远角度来看，节食并不能奏效，然
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
而有大约20％的青少年声称，他们曾尝试过节食或者有时不吃饭，以控制自己的体重。如果你适当饮食并经常锻炼，你就会减轻体重，保持健康状态，感觉很棒。
As a teenager, it is important to give your body the energy it needs. ( 4. )If you skip meals, you don’t get enough energy, and then you feel tired. For a healthy diet, you should eat mostly rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water—six to eight glasses a day. Water helps keep your system clean.Drinking
enough water will improve your skin and give you healthy hair.作为青少年，给予你的身体所需要的足够能量是很重要的。如果不吃饭，你就不能得到足够的能量，因此就会感到疲倦。至于健康的饮食，你应该主要地摄入米饭、面包、蔬菜和水果。你还需要喝很多的水——一天需要6—8杯。水有助于保持人体内部系统清洁。足量饮水会改善你的皮肤，让你拥有健康的头发。
Exercise is something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Experts suggest that teenagers spend at least 30 minutes exercising, five times a week.( 5. ) That is easy to do! Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports. ( 6. )Often, teenagers give up sport, saying they have no time left after their studies. Many teenagers are surprised to learn that when you exercise, your body produces some chemicals that make you feel peaceful and relaxed and increase your ability to concentrate when you study. These chemicals can even help you sleep better at night. 锻炼能够让你气色好、感觉好、身体健康。专家建议，青少年每周至少应该锻炼五次，每次至少30分钟。这一点是很容易做到的！步行和骑自行车就算，校内体育活动也算。常常有这样的情况：有些青少年干脆放弃体育锻炼，声称学习繁忙，没有时间进行体育锻炼。很多青少年吃惊地得知，当你锻炼时，你的体内会产生某些化学物质，这些化学物质让你感到平静、放松，增强学习时的注意力。这些化学物质甚至还有助于你改善睡眠呢！
A good amount of sleep every night is also important for your health. When you sleep, your body prepares you for the day to come. Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep each night. As a matter of fact, loss of sleep can make you look tired, and even cause you to gain weight. 每晚保证充分的睡眠对你的健康也是很重要的。睡觉的时候，你的身体就帮你为下一天作好准备。青少年每晚需要8—10小时的睡眠。事实上，失眠会使你面容疲倦，甚至身体发胖。
( 7. ),you will look and feel much better in no time at all. 如果你能遵循以上建议，用不了多久你就会气色好得多、感觉棒得多！
五、根据课文内容改错
1. Healthy eat is probably the best way to become fit. ___________
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
2. As teenager, it is important to give your body the energy it needs. ___________ 3. Experts suggest that teenagers spend at least 30 minutes exercise. ________ 4. Walking and riding your bike count, and neither do school sports. _______ 5. If you folow the suggestion above ,you will look and feel muh better. ______
M2 Unit 1 Unexplained tales
一、单词解析
1．tale n.故事,传说 ,音近词:tell,tell a story, 2．unexplained adj.无法解释的，神秘的 un-,不能，explain, v. 解释 3．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的 ,puzzle, v. 使...困惑， puzzling, 令人困惑的 4．step up 加紧，加强，促进 5．incident n.发生的事情（尤指不寻常的或讨厌的）,in-,里面，cid=cut,刀切断，里面有东西断了，说明发生了什么不好的事情， -ent,名词后缀，accident,事故。 6．due to 由于，因为 7．alien adj.外星人的；n.外星人 8．disappear vi. 消失，失踪 , dis-,不appear,出现。 9．witness n. 目击者,证人, vt.目击, 10．spaceship 宇宙飞船 11．creature 动物,(具备某种特征的)人,create, v. 创造，生物是自然的创造 12．flash n. vi. 闪光,闪耀, 13．UFO abbr.不明飞行物（Unidentified Flying Object的缩写） 14．assume vt. 假定，认为 15．construction n. 施工,建筑物 ,construct, v. 建造 16．occur vi. 发生 ,oc-,强调，一再，cur,跑，一再地跑，就会发生什么 17．show up 出现,现身 18．aboard 在(轮船\\飞机\\火车)上,上(轮船\\飞机\\火车), a-, 在...上，boar,板子，在甲板上，在船上。 19．possibility n.可能性 ,possible, 可能的impossible,不可能的 20．detective n.侦探,de-,下， tect,拿，侦探手里都会拿个什么，如，protect ,保17
护，pro-,在前面，在前面拿个东西，用于保护 21．take charge of 负责，接管 =be in charge of
22．case n.案子，案件 23．journalist 记者,journal,周刊，-ist，人 24．make up 编造，捏造，杜撰 25．amazing令人惊奇(惊叹)的,amaze, v. 使惊奇， amzed,感到惊奇的 26．evidence n.证据 27．injury n.伤害, injure, v. 使受伤get injured,受伤 28．dismiss vt.不予考虑,解雇,解散,dis-,不，miss,想念，不想念，就是不考虑。 29．look into 调查；检查 30．laughter n. 笑声,笑,laught, v. 笑laught at,嘲笑。 31．schoolboy 男生 32．astronomer天文学家, astro=star,星星，-er,人 33．enthusiastic 热情的,热烈的,满腔热情的,enthusiam, n. 谐音:罂粟你爱，抽完鸦片后，人就陷入狂热。 34．base n.基地,大本营,底部,基础，vt.以…为基础 35．exist vi.存在 ex-, 外，-ist,人， 外面的人就是一种存在，exit出口，退出 36．mystery n.神秘，神秘的事物,m谐音：秘死，mysterious,神秘的 37．comic strip 连环漫画 38．questionnaire n.调查问卷,question，问题 39．tick vt.标记号,打上勾,打对号 40．statement n. 陈述,声明,state v. 陈述 n. 州，国家， the United States,美国。
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
41．disagree vi.不同意 ,dis-,不， agree,58．fur（动物的）皮毛,毛皮, far, 远的同意 42．appropriate 适当的= right 59．track 足迹,踪迹 43．blank（文件等）空白处,空格，空白60．centimetre 厘米, metre, 米 的,无表情的,bank ,银行 61．length 长度,long, 长的 44．humour n.幽默,谐音法记 62．examine 检查, examination, n. 检查 45．discount n.折扣,dis-, 不，count,计算，63．north-west 西北 不计算在内，就是去掉折扣。 ．dozen（一）打,十二个,十来个 46．table tennis乒乓球运动 65．reserve n （动植物的）保护区,储备；47．badminton 羽毛球 vt.预订,保留,储备, re-, 反复，serve,服务，48．organize vt.组织,筹备,安排,处为了保护动物，人类可以反复为它们服理,arganization, n. 组织 务。 49．tournament n.联赛,锦标赛 ,tour, 66．strength 力量，力气,strong, adj .强大环游旅行，锦标赛就是到很多地方去比的，strengthen, v.加强 赛。 67．belong vi.应在（某处），适应 50．award n.奖,奖品,奖金.vt.授予,奖励, 68．belong to属于 51．Yeti n.雪人,野人（=Abominable 69．existence n存在, exist v. 存在 Snowman） 70．convince 使确信，使相信, con-, 一52．Bigfoot 北美野人 起，vince=win,赢， 使别人相信，就达到53．Wild Man of Shennongjia 神农架野了共赢 人 71．link vt\\ n. 联系，关联,联想为： lian, 54．hairy 多毛的,毛茸茸的,hair, n. 头72．ancestor 祖先，祖宗, 发 73．make one’s way to前往，到…去 55．human being 人 74．survive vi \\ vt.生存，挺过（难关）,sur-, 56．attack v.攻击,进攻, at-, 一再，tack, 从下往上，vive=live,生活，从水里爬上来，触碰，contact，联系 死里逃生。survival，n. 57．villager 村民,village, 村庄
二、Reading课文详解
Boy missing, police puzzled 男孩失踪，警方茫然 P2
Police in America have stepped up(1. ) their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing three days ago in Dover, New Hampshire. This incident has received great interest由于（2. ） reports of strange lights in the sky and of alien visits around the time the boy disappeared.美国警方现已加紧对一名15岁男孩的搜索，该男孩于三天前在新罕布什尔州的多佛市失踪。该事件引起了公众的极大兴趣，原因是有各种关于男孩失踪前后天空中出现奇怪光亮和外星人造访地球的新闻报道。
Justin Foster, a high school student, was last seen Friday night. That evening at 8 p.m. Justin went to play football with two friends,（3. ）两个都 （用定从）say Justin went home after the game. Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10:45 p.m. Justin’s sister, Kelly, aged nine, says she heard
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
her brother return home at about 11 p.m. 人们最后一次看见学生贾斯廷·福斯特是在星期五晚上。当晚8点，贾斯廷和两个朋友到外面打棒球，这两个朋友都说贾斯廷打完球就回家家。目击者也说晚上10点45分他们看到贾斯廷朝家走去。 贾斯廷的妹妹，九岁的凯莉说大约11点她听到哥哥回到家中
“I was getting ready for bed,” Kelly said. “Justin went straight to（4. ）his room. I didn’t see him, but I heard him打开
（5. ）his favorite CD. I went to bed, and was woken up around midnight by a bright light outside my window.” “我止准备上床睡觉，”凯莉说，“贾斯廷径直去自己的卧室了。我并没有看到他，但我听到他放了自己最喜爱的CD。我上床睡觉了，大约午夜时分我被窗外的亮光弄醒了。”
开始时（6. ）,the young girl thought it was the light of the full moon, but then she realized that it was moving and coming closer. 起先，小姑娘以为是满月的光亮，然而接着她意识到光亮在移动，而且越来越近。
“I pulled back the curtains and saw a large spaceship flying outside. It had blue lights all around it, and there were many windows. Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes. （7. ） I was frightened!”“我拉开窗帘，看到一只巨大的飞船在窗外飞行。飞船四周是蓝色的光，还有很多窗户里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。我害怕极了。”
Kelly said that the spaceship then moved around to the side of the house, towards my brother’s bedroom. “There was a flash of light and I heard Justin shout, and then the UFO just disappeared. I haven’t seen Justin since. I’m sure the aliens took him.” 凯莉说飞船接着转到房子的侧面，朝她哥哥的卧室移去。“出现一道闪光，我还听到贾斯廷的叫喊，接着“飞船就消失了。从那以后我就再没见过贾斯廷。肯定是外星人带走了他。”
Kelly then ran and woke up（9. ） her mother. However, since Mrs. Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend, she
assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream（10. ）, and sent her back to bed. Mr. Foster was working that night on his road construction job, and was not home when these events occurred. When Justin did not show up（11. ） for lunch the next day, Mrs. Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police. 凯莉然后跑去叫醒她的妈妈。但是，福斯特夫人以为贾斯廷在…个朋友家过夜了，因此她认为凯莉只是做了个恶梦，于是将她打发回床上。福斯特先生当晚忙于他的道路建设工作，事件发生时并不在家。第二天午饭时贾斯廷仍未露面，福斯特夫人开始担心起来，于是让丈夫打电话报警。
Some people in Dover also say that they saw aliens that night. “It’s happened to me!” said Mrs. Mavis Wood. “The aliens took me aboard the UFO so that they could do research on me. Luckily, they returned me home without any injuries. The whole
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
experience was terrible! I haven't been sleeping well sinceI returned home. （12. ）I think Justin was taken away
（13. ） by them, too.” 多佛市的一些人也声称当晚看见了外星人。“这种事在我身上就发生过！’‘梅维斯·伍德夫人说，“那些外星人将我劫持到飞船上，以便他们在我身上做研究。幸运的是，他们放我回家，我一点儿也没有受伤。整个经历太可怕了！回家之后我一直睡不好觉。我认为贾斯廷也是被他们劫持走了。”
When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, Detective Sam Peterson, who has taken charge of（14. ） the case, told journalists, “Sometimes people make up（15. ） such amazing stories. There’s really no hard evidence that aliens took him. So, 16.while（ ） we have not dismissed the idea, we are looking into
（17. ） other possibilities as well（18. ）. We will not give up（19. ） until we find out（20. ） what happened.” 当被问及贾斯廷被外星人绑架的可能性时，负责调查此案的萨姆·彼得森侦探告诉记者：“人们有时候编造出这类奇异的故事。事实上并没有确凿的证据证明是外星人劫持了他。所以，尽管我们不排除这种想法，但是我们也在调查其他的可能性。在确认到底发生了什么事之前，我们是不会 放弃的。”
三、根据课文填空
American police have stepped up their search for Justin Foster, who went 1.__________ (miss) last Friday night. His mother became worried and told her husband to call the police when Justin did not show 2.__________ for lunch.
That evening, Justin returned home after the game. 3.__________ also said that they saw Justin walking toward his home. Justin’s sister, Kelly heard him put on his 4.__________ (favour) CD and she also saw a large space ship 5.__________ (fly) outside. There was a flash of light, and she heard Justin shout.
Mavis Wood said that she was once taken away by aliens so 6.__________ they could do research on her. The whole experience was frightening just like 7.__________ terrible dream.
There’s really no hard evidence that Justin is taken away by aliens, 8.__________ police haven’t dismissed the idea. Detective Sam Peterson, 9.__________ has taken charge of the case, said that they were looking into other possibilities and they would not give up until they found out what 10.__________ (happen).
四、Project课文详解
Yeti, Bigfoot and the Wild Man of Shennongjia P18 喜马拉雅雪人、北美野人和神农架野人
For centuries, people have reported seeing a wild creature in the Himalayas
called Yeti. The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being. （ 1. ）People blieve that Yetis sometimes come down from the moutains to attack villagers. 几个世纪以来，不断有人报告说在喜马拉雅山区看到一种被称为喜马拉雅雪人的野生动
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
物。据说，雪人是种高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走的动物。人们相信雪人有时下山攻击村民。
In 1998, an American mountain climber said that he saw a Yeti on the Chinese side of the Himalayas. It walked like a human, but it had thick black fur and was about six feet tall with huge shoulders, very long arms and large hands,' he said. 1998年，一名美国登山爱好者声称，他在喜马拉雅山的中国一侧看见过一个雪人。“它走路的样子像人类，但是有浓密的黑毛，大约6英尺高，双肩宽阔，两臂很长，还有一双大手。”他说。
In 2007, an American TV team saw Yeti tracks 33 centimetres in length in the snow near Mount Qomolangma. They made copies of these tracks and had them examined by a scientist in the USA. He reported that they looked like the tracks of a similar creature, called Bigfoot, which some people believe lives in the forests of the north-west of the USA. 2007年，一个美国电视拍摄组在珠穆朗玛峰附近看到雪地中3 3厘米长的雪人脚印。他们复制了这些脚印，并让美国的一位科学家进行研究。他（科学家）报告说，它们看起来像一种叫北美野人的类似动物的脚印。有人认为北美野人生活在美国西北部的森林里。
Yeti and Bigfoot are similar to （2. ）a creature known as the Wild Man of Shennongjia. There have been dozens of reports that people have seen a Wild Man in the Shennongjia Nature reserve in western Hubei Province, China. In one case, a group of engineers ran after （3. ）the creature, which moved with amazing speed and strength. Large tracks have also been discovered which some people say belong to （4. ）the Wild Man. Because of these reports and the tracks, there have been several organized searches for this creature, but no strong evidence for its existence has ever been found. （5. ）喜马拉雅雪人和北美野人与被称为神农架野人的生物很相似。已有很多关于人们在中国湖北省西部的神农架自然保护区看到过一个野人的报道。其中一篇报道讲一群工程师追赶这种以惊人速度和力量移动的生物。人们也发现过一些巨大脚印，有人称它们属于野人。因为这些报道和脚印，人们已经开展了数次有组织的针对该生物的搜寻活动，但是从没有找到它存在的有力证据。
Dr Grover Krantz, a scientist from Washington State University, studied reports of such strange creatures for many years. He became convinced they exist. He
believed that these creatures are linked to a common ancestor, an animal that lived in Asia some 300,000 years ago. In his opinion, this animal made its way to （6. ）other parts of the world, and continues to survive even today.Scientists hope that the mystery will be solved one day. If such creatures really exist, we might have the chance to see one with our own eyes. （7. ）华盛顿州立大学的一名科学家格洛夫·克兰茨博士曾研究有关这类奇怪生物的报道多年。他坚信他们的存在。他认为，这些生物与一个共同的祖先相关联，该动物生活于约3 0万年前的亚洲。他的看法是这种动物迁徙到了世界上的其他地区，并一直存
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
活至今。科学家们希望野人之谜将来有一天会得以破解。如果野人真的存在，我们或许有机会亲眼看见野人。
五、根据课文改错。
1、People have reported to see Yetis what is said to be a large, hairy animal. 2、They looked like the tracks of similarly creature called Bigfoot.
3、Dr. Krantz, a scientist from Washington State University, studied reports of such strange creatures for many year.
4、He became convinced whether they exist.
5、He believed these creatures are linked to an ancient Asian animal, which made its way to another parts the world and continues to survive.
M2 Unit 2 Wish you were here
一、单词详解
1．1adventure n.冒险，冒险经16．life jacket 救生衣 历，ad-,一个弟弟，venture，玩车，17．protection n. 保护,pro-,在一个弟弟爱玩车，说明他爱冒险。 前面，tect,拿，前面那个盾牌保护，
2．arrange v. 安排-ion,名词后缀。 ,arrangement n. 18．in case 万一
3．extraordinary 不同寻常19．backpack n.背包 的,extra-,额外，ordinary， 寻常的 20．advance n.前进，预先\\vi前
4．flight 航班，空中航行, fly,进，进步,ad-,联想一个弟弟，vance,旺 v. 飞行 死，一个弟弟运气很旺，就是有进步。
5．camel 骆驼,c字母形状像骆21．in advance提前，预先 驼的驼峰。 22．supply提供，供给，补给
6．desert 沙漠；vt抛弃，舍弃 23．wildlife野生动物，野生生7．dusty尘土飞扬的，满是灰尘物,wild,狂野的，life,生命 的,dust,灰尘。 24．photograph照片
8．shade阴凉处，背阴，树25．defence n.防御，保护,defend 阴,shadow,阴影。 v.
9．brilliant明亮的，鲜艳的26．scare恐惧，惊吓,scar,疤，=bright,明亮的 脸上有疤的人，很吓人。scared，感
10．flashlight手电筒 到害怕的，scaring，令人害怕的。 11．altogether总共 27．up close靠近地 12．uncomfortable不舒服的，不28．mount（常用于山名）山，自在的,un-,不，comfortable,舒服的 山峰=mountain
13．rough汹涌的，粗糙的，大29．tiring让人疲劳的，累人概的,=difficult,hard艰难的 的,tired, 感到害怕的，tire,使...累
14．white-water-rafting白狼漂30．atmosphere空气，大气层流，激浪漂流 =air
15．helmet n.头盔 ,谐音：哈姆31．African adj.非洲的；n.非雷特，哈姆莱特带着盔甲 洲人,Africa,非洲
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
32．afterward adv 后来，然后 33．sleeve袖子,s,丝绸，l,长的，ee,两个
34．cheek脸颊=face,
35．tourism旅游业，tour, v. 环游，tourist,游客
36．schedule n.计划,时间安排表，课程表，school,学校，
37．crane鹤
38．explore vt\\vi探索，勘探,ex-, 外plore,联想为play，到外面去玩，去探索。
39．sunrise n.日出,sun,太阳，rise,上升
40．view vt.观看，看待，n.景色，观点,v字母表示裂缝，眼睛睁开
41．heaven 天堂，天空 42．mountaintop 山顶,mountain,山，top顶端
43．temple寺院，谐音：太破，一个破庙
44．bury vt.埋葬，埋藏 45．destination目的地, 46．cage笼子
47．beauty n.美；美景；美人,beautiful,美的
48．south-west n.西南方；adj.西南方的；adv.在西南方，向西南方
49．highway（尤指城镇间的）公路，干道，交通要道,high,高的，way,路
50．classic经典的，n.经典作品 51．novel（长篇）小说
52．kingdom n.王国 king,国王
53．steep陡峭的，急剧的, 54．forever永远地
55．officially adv.官方地，正式地
56．spot n.地点，场所 57．tourist spot 旅游点 58．publish vt.出版 59．announce vt出版，发表an-,表强调，nounce,发声，pronunciation，发音
60．tower vi.高耸，屹立；高高升起 n.塔，塔楼,谐音：塔儿
61．sunshine阳光,sun,太阳，shine,闪光
62．reflect vt反射（声\\光\\热等）；反映
63．diamond钻石，金刚石，谐音：呆萌的，这颗钻石好呆萌啊.
．cattle （pl.）牛,一群牛，只表示复数
65．wander vi\\vt.漫游，游荡，徘徊，漂泊,谐音：逛的，wonder,怀疑
66．surrounding周围的，附近的,surround, v. 围绕
67．harmony n.和谐，协调，融洽,har,哈，mony,联想为money，有了钱，社会就和谐了。
68．endless adj.无穷无尽的，没完没了的,end,结束，-less，无，结束不了的。
69．mild平和的，温和的，温暖的,wild，狂野的
二、Reading课文详解
An adventure in Africa非洲探险 P22
30 June 6月3 0日
Dear Aihua亲爱的爱华，
How are you? Sorry I haven’t written for so long. I’ve been quite busy arranging my holiday with my older brother, Colin. Colin and I plan to spend a few weeks traveling before he goes to university. We are going to visit so many exciting places and do许多（1. ）extraordinary things. We will go to Africa first. I
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
can’t wait! Have you ever been there? 你好。抱歉很长时间没有给你写信。我最近一直在忙着安排和我哥哥科林度假的事。科林和我计划在他上大学之前花上几个星期外出旅游。我们要去很多令人激动的地方，做很多令人惊叹的事情。首先我们要去非洲。我都等不及了！你去过那里吗
We leave London on 15 July, and we’ll be taking a flight to (2. ) to Morocco, in northern Africa. We are going to ride camels through the Sahara
Desert. It’s the biggest desert in the world---- about the size of the US! I expect it will be very hot, dry and dusty there. We’ll be traveling by camel with local guides,
camping in tents and sleeping on the ground. I’ve heard that, in the Sahara, there is no shade during the day, and the stars seem especially brilliant on clear nights. I’ll bring a flashlight with me以便（3. ） I’ll be able to see在黑暗里（4. ）. Altogether, the trip will take six days. That means I’ll have to sit on a camel for almost a week---- how uncomfortable! I hope my camel likes me! 我们将于7月，5日离开伦敦，坐飞机去北非的摩洛哥。我们要骑着骆驼穿越撒哈拉沙漠。这是世界上最大的沙漠——大约相当于美国的面积！，我估计那里会非常炎热、干燥，而且尘土飞扬。我们将在当地导游的带领下骑着骆驼旅行，在帐篷里宿营，席地而睡。我听说过，在撒哈拉，白天没有阴凉之处，在晴朗的夜晚星星格外灿烂。我会随身带一只手电筒，这样在黑暗中我就可以看见了。旅行全程将花六天时间。这意味着我要在骆驼上坐将近一周的时间一一多不舒服啊！我希望我的骆驼会喜欢我！
After the trip by camel, we’re going to travel down the River Nile. We’ll start at Lake Victoria. A little way down the river from Lake Victoria, the water gets rough. So, we’ll go white-water rafting. It’s quite dangerous, but very exciting! You have to wear a helmet and a life jacket for protection, just以防（5. ）you fall into the water. 骑骆驼旅行后，我们将沿着尼罗河顺流而下。我们要从维多利亚湖出发。自维多利亚湖沿河而下不远，河水就变得挺湍急了。所以，我们将进行白浪漂流。这很危险，但也非常刺激！作为保护措施，你得戴上头盔，穿上救生衣，以防万一掉进水里。
Then, we’re going on a trip to see wild animals in Kenya. We’ll live with the local people in their villages, and eat and drink whatever they do（6. ）, including cow’s blood! Do you think I should drink it? 之后，我们要前往肯尼亚看那里的野生动物。我们要跟当地的居民一起住在他们的村落里，不管他们吃什么、喝什么，我们也一起吃、一起喝，包括牛血！你觉得我应该喝吗？
Since we’ll be walking for almost two weeks, I’ll need to buy a large backpack in advance （7. ）to carry my supplies of food and water. During the day, we’ll walk across the land, following the tracks of （8. ）wildlife such as elephants, lions and giraffes. We’ll try to get as close as possible to the animals,即使（9. ） they’re dangerous, so that（10. ） we can take some really good photographs. But don’t担忧（11. ） me. Our guides will have guns with them for defense---- they can use the guns to scare the animals away（12. ） if they come too near. I really want to see an elephant up close（13. ）, and Colin
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
wants to see a giraffe. 因为我们需要徒步行走将近两周时间，所以我得预先买一个大容量的旅行背包来背我的给养一—食物和饮水。白天，我们将穿行于陆地，追寻大象、狮子和长颈鹿之类的野生动物的足迹。尽管这些动物很危险，我们还是要试着尽可能地靠近它们，这样我们就能拍到一些非常棒的照片。但是，不要为我担心，我们的导游都是随身带用于防卫的一一如果动物靠得太近，导游就可以用将它们吓跑。我真的很想近距离地看一头大象，科林则想看一头长颈鹿。
After that, we’ll be moving on to（14. ） Tanzania, where we’re going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. Mountain climbing can be very tiring, and many people feel sick as the atmosphere gets thinner, so Colin and I will确保（15. ） that we get plenty of rest. The African part of our trip will take about four weeks. Afterwards, we’re going to the Himalayas. 之后我们将继续前进至坦桑尼亚，在那里我们要攀登乞力马扎罗山。登山会让人觉得非常疲惫，由于空气变得稀薄，很多人会感到恶心，所以，科林和我会确保我们能够得到充足的休息。我们的非洲段旅行将历时大约四周，然后，我们将前往喜马拉雅山。
I’ll send you postcards from all the different places we visit! 我到所有不同地方都会给你寄明信片的！ Love
Toby爱你的托比
三、 根据课文内容填空
My elder brother and 1.__________ (go) on a trip to Africa. We leave London on 15th July, and we will be flying to Morocco. We are going to ride camels 2.__________ the Sahara Desert.
After the trip by camel, we’re going to travel down the River Neil. We will start at Lake Victoria. A little way down the river from Lake Victoria, the water gets quite rough. 3.__________, we will go white-water rafting. It’s quite dangerous, but very exciting!
Then, we are going on a trip 4.__________ (see) wild animals in Kenya. As we will be walking for almost two weeks, I’ll need to buy a large, strong, light backpack in advance to carry our 5.__________ (supply) of food and water. We’ll try to get as close as 6.__________ (possibility) to the wild animals such as elephants, lions, and giraffes, so that we can have some really good photos 7.__________ (take). It is dangerous, so our guide will have guns to scare the animals 8.__________ if they come too close. I really want to see 9.__________ elephant up close.
After that, we will be moving on t Tanzania. The African part of our trip will take about four weeks 10.__________ it will be exciting.
四、Project 课文详解
Shangri-la香格里拉 P38
Would you like the chance to discover a place of mystery and beauty in the
south-west of China? If your answer is ‘Yes’, consider a trip to Shangri-la. 希望有机
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
会去中国西南部发现一个神奇又美丽的地方吗？如果你的回答是肯定的，那就考虑考虑香格里拉之行吧！
How to get there如何去那里？
Start in the city of Dali and drive north along the Yunnan-Tibet Highway until you reach Zhongdian,the capital of Diqing.Zhongdian is 659 kilometres away from Kunming,and there are regular flights between the two cities. 从大理出发，沿滇藏高速公路向北行驶直到你抵达迪庆的首府中甸（香格里拉），距离昆明659公里，两个城市之间有固定航班往返。
The world-famous Chinese Shangri-la世界闻名的中国香格里拉
The word’Shangri-la” first appeared in a classic novel by James Hilton. Today, Shangri-la has become a common English word meaning heaven on earth. Hilton described a beautiful kingdom where three rivers joined together, ( 1. ) steep mountains reached to the sky, and fields of long grass covered the earth. In this peaceful world lived people who had discovered how to stay young forever. ( 2. ) “香格里拉”一词源于詹姆斯·希尔顿的一部经典小说。如今，香格里拉已经成为指代人间天堂的常用英语单词。希尔顿描绘了一个美丽的国度，那里三河交汇，奇峰高耸，深草如茵盖大地。住在这个完美世界里的人们知道如何永葆青春。
Which place could officially take the name of this wonderful land? There were arguments over which tourists would win the name of Shangri-la. Many years after the book was published, some people realized that the Shangri-la of the novel was a perfect match for Zhongdian in Yunnan province,China. In September 1997,the government of Yunnan province announced that Zhongdian was the Shangri-la of Hilton’s story. 到底什么地方才能正式得到这个人间奇境的名称呢？曾有关于哪个旅游景点能赢得香格里拉这个美名的争论。此书出版许多年之后，一些人发现，小说中的香格里拉与中国云南省的中旬完全吻合。1997年9月，云南省宣布，中旬就是希尔顿小说中的香格里拉。
What you will see in Shangri-la在香格里拉你会看到什么？
Three mountains, Meili, Baimang and Haba ,which are covered with( 3. ) snow, tower over the land. Their snowy mountaintops form a beautiful picture that will leave you at a loss for words. ( 4. )三座白雪覆盖的高山——梅里、白芒和哈巴一一巍峨屹立，其白雪皑皑的山顶构成了一幅美丽的图画，美得让你无法用语言形容
Below the mountains, the sunshine reflects on( 5. ) the many lakes, making them shine like diamonds against the rich countryside. Sheep, cattle and horses wander on the green grass, and the surrounding forests are home to many birds and animals. ( 6. ) In this peaceful land, people live in harmony with ( 7. ) nature, far away from the noise and worry of the outside world. 山脚下，阳光照在星罗棋布的湖面上，使它们在富丽乡村景色的映衬下，如钻石般闪耀璀璨。成群的牛羊和马
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
儿在绿色的草原上徜佯，周边的森林则是众多鸟类和动物的家园。在这片宁静的土地上，人们和大自然和谐相处，远离外界的喧嚣和烦恼。
Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, making the land a happy home for the local people. 大自然给香格里拉提供了无尽的天然宝藏，使得这片土地成了当地居民的幸福家园。
What the weather is like香格里拉的天气
The weather changes so quickly that people say you can experience four seasons in one day. The best times to visit Shangri-la are spring and autumn when the
temperature is at its mildest. 香格里拉天气多变，以至于有人说、你可以在一天里经历四季。前往香格里拉旅游的最佳时间是春季和秋季，这两个季节气温最为温暖舒适。
五、短文改错：找出文中10处错误，并更正。
1、The word ‘Shangri-la’ was first appeared in a classical novel by James Hilton. 2、He described a beautiful kingdom there three rivers joined together 3、 There were argument over which tourist spot would win the name 4、The sunshine reflects on the lakes, made them shine like diamonds 5、People there live in perfect harmonious with nature.
M2 Unit 3 Great people
一、单词详解 84．preserve vt.保存；保护；保持，pre-，75．curse n.诅咒；咒语 vt.诅咒；咒骂，提前，serve，服务，提前服务就是先保谐音:克死，会克死别人，就是一种上天护起来。 的诅咒。 85．valley n.山谷，峡谷，字母V像一个76．mummy n.木乃伊，谐音：妈咪，裂缝，山谷，谐音：洼里，山洼里 妈妈死后做成木乃伊 86．lord勋爵，贵族，大臣，封建领主 77．explorer n.探险家，explore vt\\vi87．come across（偶然）遇见，发现 探索，勘探,ex-, 外plore,联想为play，到88．entrance入口，en-，里面，enter = go 外面去玩，去探索。 into v. 进入 78．curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的，．content内容,con-,一起，tent , cur-，流动，跑，，-ious,形容词后缀。喜90．punishment n 惩罚, punish 欢跑到外面去的，好奇的。occur=happen，v. 谐音：曝你尸，古代的一种残酷的惩current，市面流通的，现行的。 罚。 79．set sail 启航 91．scientific科学的，science，科学， 80．tomb坟墓，谐音：土，坟墓是土堆scientist，科学家 成的。 92．virus病毒，谐音：外惹死，跑到外81．Egyptian adj.埃及的；埃及人的；面惹上病毒，就会死 n.埃及人， Egypt，埃及 93．disturb vt.打扰，扰乱，di-, 分，sturb,82．fortune大笔钱，财富，运气，谐音：搅拌 佛亲，佛亲了你，你就会拥有财富和运94．breathe vi\\vt.呼吸，breath， n. 气。fortunate=lucky，幸运的，95．result in导致，结果是 unfortunately，不幸地 96．clothing衣物,布，不可数名词，83．jewel宝石，珠宝饰物，谐音：珠儿 clothes，衣服的总称，复数名词
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
97．riddle谜
98．labour n.\\vi.劳动，努力工作，谐音：累不
99．whichever无论哪个，无论哪些 100．airplane飞机=plane
101．signal n.信号；vi\\vt.发信号，表明,sign, 签名
102．captain船长，飞机机长，队长，海军上校，陆军，空军上尉 103．warning n.警告，warn v.， war，战争
104．iceberg冰山，ice，冰 105．widespread广泛的，普遍的，wide，宽的，spread，扩散，传播
106．requirement n. 要求，规定，require = ask， v.
107．inspire vt.启迪，赋予灵感，激励，鼓舞，inspiration， n. 108．sex性别
109．female女性（的）male,男性的 110．nationality国籍，nation，国家，民族，national， adj.
111．native本地的，本国的
112．outgoing爱交际的，友好的，外向的
113．gorilla大猩猩
114．data（pl）数据，资料 115．companion伴侣，陪伴, com-, 一起，panion,谐音：陪你
116．rare稀有的，罕见的，rarely = seldom，很少，否定副词 117．discourage使灰心，劝阻，courage，n. 勇气，encourage v.鼓励，encouragement n. 118．devotion n.奉献，忠诚，专心,devote v. devote oneself to doing, 致力于
119．PhD（哲学）博士学位（Doctor of Philosophy的缩写）
120．murder vt\\n.谋杀 谐音：冒的，杀死了就没了
121．various各种各样的=all kinds of，variety n. a variety of = varieties of =various
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122．organization组织，机构,arganize v.
123．voyage n.航行，（尤指）航海，航天,
124．orbit轨道，vt.沿轨道运行，围绕…运动
125．astronaut宇航员,atro=star,星星， naut,谐音：闹腾，跑到星星上去闹腾的人就是宇航员
126．north-east东北 127．desire n.愿望，欲望，渴望；vt.渴望，期望， desire to do. 128．apply vi.申请，vt.使用，应用,谐音：我不赖，申请工作的时候要说自己的优点
129．candidate 候选人，申请人
130．survival n.幸存，存活，survive v. sur-，从下往上，vive=live，生存
131．rocket火箭 Huston Rocket,休斯敦火箭队，姚明的前东家 132．status地位，身份
133．superior上级，上司；更好的，更高的，super-，超过的，-ior,人
134．be in control （of sth）掌管，控制（某物）
135．quality品质，质量，quantity，数量 136．optimistic乐观的，抱乐观看法的 137．indeed的确，确实 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难中的朋友才是真正的朋友。
138．look up to敬佩
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解资料
二、Reading课文详解
The curse of the mummy木乃伊的诅咒 P42
Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. He was brave and loved to visit and explore new places. During his life, he discovered many amazing things. 霍华德·卡特是有史以来世界上最出名的探险家之一。他勇敢无畏，爱好去从未去过的地方探险。在其一生中他发现了许多令人惊奇的东西。
Howard Carter did not go to school, but learnt to draw from his father, who was an artist. He was bright and curious about the world outside his hometown. In 11, at the age of 17, he set sail for（1. ）Alexandria, Egypt. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. He found several important ones. Inside the tombs, he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold, along with the preserved bodies of dead kings. These preserved bodies are known as mummies. 霍华德·卡特没有上过学，但是他从画家父亲那里学会了画画。他天资聪颖，对家乡之外的世界充满了好奇心。11年，在17岁的时候，他扬帆远航到了埃及的亚历山大。到了20世纪20年代，他已成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。他找到了不少重要的陵墓。在这些陵墓中，他发现了大量的珠宝和黄金，同时还有已故国王经过处理的遗体，这些经过处理的遗体就是为人所知的木乃伊。
In 1922, Howard Carter made his most amazing discovery（2. ） of all, in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. He had received money from Lord Carnarvon, a British man who对…感兴趣
(3. ) Egypt. Carter’s team was working at a place near the city of Luxor. There, they came across( 4. ) the tomb of King Tutankhamun. It was the most important tomb that had ever been found. “The tomb contained more treasure than any of us had ever seen before, as well as(5. ) the mummy of the king,” said Carter. “After we looked into the tomb, we closed it and hid its entrance. We wanted to study the tomb later when we had more time. Afterwards, all of its contents would go into a museum.” 1922年，在埃及的国王谷，霍华德·卡特做出了他最惊人的发现。此次探险之前，他得到了卡那封勋爵的资助。卡那封是个对埃及非常感兴趣的英国人。卡特的探险队当时在卢克素城附近的地方进行工作。在这个地方，他们发现了图坦卡蒙国王的陵墓。这是有史以来所发现的最重要的陵墓。“除了国王的木乃伊之外，这座陵墓还藏有大量的珍宝，比我们任何人先前所见过的都要多。”卡特说，“在探查过这座陵墓之后，我们将其封起来，并掩藏了其人口。以后我们要在有更多的时间时来研究这座陵墓。此后，其所有的东西都要收进博物馆。”
However, not long after the discovery, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill and die. Upon their entering（6. ） the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo, was swallowed by a snake. Then, a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon, who was also present when the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt. At the moment of
Carnarvon’s death, the lights went out in Cairo, the capital of Egypt. Back in England, his dog died at approximately the same time. 然而，不久之后，卡特探险队的成员
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解资料
就开始生病，并相继死去。在他们进入陵墓的那一刻，卡特的那只被他留在开罗的幸运爱鸟被一条蛇给吞吃了。接着，在卡特打开陵墓数月后，当时也在陵墓发掘现场的卡那封勋爵生病发高烧，死在埃及。在卡那封勋爵病死的那一刻，埃及首都开罗所有的电灯突然熄灭。而在英国老家，卡，那封勋爵的狗几乎在同一时间死亡。
George Gould, a friend of Carnarvon’s, went to Egypt after hearing of（7. ） his strange death. He too visited the tomb, only to
（8. ） catch a high fever（9. ） the next day. Twelve hours later, he was dead. Carter’s secretary, Richard Bethell, died of heart trouble four month after the tomb was opened. Arthur Mace, another member of the team, also died shortly after the discovery. 乔治·古尔德，卡那封勋爵的朋友，在获悉其奇怪死讯后赶赴埃及。他也去了陵墓，结果第二天就发高烧．1 2小时后便去世了。卡特的秘书理查德·贝塞尔在打开陵墓四个月后死于心脏病。另外一名探险队员阿瑟·梅斯也在发现陵墓后不久死去。
Within seven years, 21 people who had something to do with(10. ) the opening of the tomb died. Howard Carter, however, lived on until the age of 65. Some people say the deaths were just coincidence. Others believe that they were in connection with a mummy’s curse, as a punishment for those who enter the resting place of the dead. 七年间，与陵墓发掘工作有关的人员之中有2 1人死亡。但是，霍华德·卡特却一直活到了65岁。有人说所有那些死亡只是巧合。另一些人则相信这与木乃伊的诅咒有关，是对闯入亡灵安息地的人的惩罚。
However, still others believe that there is a scientific explanation. Inside the tombs, there are many viruses. When a tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the
viruses. .If breathed in（11 ）, they can result in(12. ) illness or even death. Today, when scientists examine mummies, they wear special clothing for protection. 尽管如此，仍有其他一些人认为，此事有一个科学的解释。那些陵墓中藏有大量病毒。陵墓被打开时，新鲜的空气搅动了这些病毒。一旦被人吸入，它们就可能导致疾病甚至死亡。如今，科学家们在检查木乃伊的时候都要穿上特殊的服装以保护自己。
What is certain（13. ）, of course, it that “the curse of the mummy’s remains a riddle to this day. 但有一点可以肯定的是，“木乃伊的诅咒”至今仍是个谜.
三、根据课文内容填空
Howard Carter is one of the most famous 1.__________ (explorer) the world has ever known. He was bright and curious about the world outside his hom etown. By the 1920s, he 2.__________ (become) an explorer, 3.__________ (search) for the tombs of the Egyptian Kings. In 1922, Carter’s team found the tombs of King
Tutankhamun. It was 4.__________ most important tomb that had ever been found.
After they looked into the tomb they closed it and hid its entrance. 5.__________ , not long after the discovery, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill and die strangely. Upon 6.__________ (enter) the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird was swallowed by a snake.
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解资料
Then, a few months 7.__________ Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon fell ill with a fever 8.__________ died in Egypt. Back in England, his dog died at approximately the same time. Arthur Mace, another member of the team, also died 9.__________ (short) after the discovery.
Within seven years, 21 people 10.__________ had something to do with the opening of the tomb died, but Howard Carter lived on until the age of 65.
四、Project课文详解
Project Interviewing an expert采访一位专家 P58
What is the most fun you can have in 21 hours and 23 minutes? On 15 October 2003, Yan Liwei answered this question. His voyage in space took him 600,000 kilometres in orbit, around the Earth 14 times, in just over 21 hours. It made him China’s first astronaut in space. He had worked towards this achievement for many years. 在21小时23分钟之内你能够得到的最大乐趣会是什么呢？2003年10月15日，杨利伟回答了这个问题。他的太空之旅让他在仅仅21小时多一些的时间内沿轨道飞行60万公里，环绕地球14圈。这使他成为进入太空的首位中国宇航员。为了这一成就，他经过了多年的努力。
Born in 1965, Yang had wanted to fly since he was a young boy. His friends and teachers from Suizhong in the north-east of Liaoning Province have all said that he loved science and technology from a young age. He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly. His dream was encouraged by his parents as well as his older sister and younger brother. 杨利伟出生于1965年，从他还是个小男孩的时候起，就梦想着飞行。他在辽宁省东北部绥中的朋友和老师都说他从小就热爱科学技术。他对学习飞行总有一种强烈的愿望。他的梦想得到了父母以及姐姐和弟弟的鼓励。
In 1983, he joined the army, and went to flight school. He graduated in 1987 and became a pilot. In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now
called Shenzhou. He was one of the only 14 selected from 1,500 candidates. The team spent the next five years being trained. They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut, but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built. Yang scored among the very top in everything the group studied. 1983年，他参军进入飞行学校。他干1987年毕业，并成为一名飞行员。1998年，他申请成为“9 2 1”计划即现名“神舟”计划的成员。他是从将近1500名候选人当中遴选出来的仅仅14人中的一员。在接下来的五年时间里，这些队员接受了各种训练。他们不仅学习成为宇航员所必修的全部科目，还学习生存技巧，以及关于飞船和火箭制造的所有知识。在队员们所学习的各门功课中，杨利伟的成绩都名列前茅。
In September 2003, only three out of the 14 candidates were picked for the Chinese space adventure, and Yang was one of them. He took all kinds of tests to prove he was fit for this important task. Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China’s first astronaut. Yang was described by his superiors as hard-working and always in control of himself. Because of these qualities, they were
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解资料
optimistic he would be successful. 200 3年9月，1 4名候选人中的3名队员被挑选参加中国的太空探险，杨利伟是其中之一。他接受了所有的测试，并证实了他是担任此项重任的合格人选。虽然杨利伟并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。杨利伟的上级将他描述为一个勤奋刻苦、始终能够自控的人。因为这些品质，他的领导对于他将会成功持乐观态度。
In the end, Yang was indeed a success. His name will go down in history with those of Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard. The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei, and young people all over the world can look up to him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream. 最终，杨利伟的确成功了。他的名字将与尤里·加加林、艾伦·谢帕德一道载入史册。中国人民能为杨利伟而自豪，全世界的年轻人也会将他视为努力实现梦想的榜样。
四、 单句改错
1、On October 2003, Yang Liwei went to space and returned. ___________ 2、This voyage in space took him 600,000 kilometers in orbit, around the earth 14 time . ________
3、It made his China’s first astronaut in space. _________
4、He has worked forward this achievement for many years. ___________
5、It was his high scores on the psychologically tests which finally won him the status of China’s first astronaut. _____________
Module 3 Unit 1 The world of our senses
一、Vocabulary
1．hearing n. 听力，听觉 12．foggy adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的 2．raised adj. 凸起的 【记】fog n. 雾 3．dot n. 点，小圆点 13．observe vt. 观察；注意到；评4．sign n. 符号，标志，迹象 论【记】偶不(ob-)服务(serve), 说明5．confuse vt. 使糊涂，使迷惑 我是老板, 只是在这里观察(observe)【记】con-共同；fuse融合。一些东服务员的表现的。 西融合在一起，会分不清楚，让人困14．overcoat n.长大衣 惑、使人弄混。 15．glance vi. & n. 瞥一眼，匆匆看 6．vase n. 花瓶 【记】glance at 瞥一眼 7．fog n. 雾 16．nowhere adv. 无处，到处都不 8．mist n. 薄雾；水汽,谐音:迷死17．footstep n. 脚步（声） 他，迷雾。 18．wherever adv. &conj. 无论哪里 9．forecast vt. & n. 预测，预报 19．in sight 看得到，在视力范围之【记】fore预先；cast扔。预先(fore)内 扔(cast)出消息，所以是“预测” 20．narrow adj. 狭窄的，谐音:腊10．conductor n.（公家车）售票肉，腊肉都是狭长的 员；(乐队)指挥【记】con-共同, 互21．approach vt. 靠近，接近；n. 相; -duct引导, 指导 靠近；方法；路径 11．fare n. 车费，谐音：费儿 【记】音似“饿扑肉吃”。扑肉吃要接
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解资料
近肉, 也就相当于找到了方法。 22．wish for 盼望，期盼
23．darkness n. 黑暗，dark，adj. 黑暗的
24．hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑不决 【记】他(he)坐(sit)在那儿吃(ate)东西, 一幅犹豫(hesitate)的样子，不知道吃啥。hesitation n. 犹豫 25．reach out 伸出（手） 26．grasp vt. 抓紧，抓牢 27．stare vi. 凝视，盯着看 【记】stare up at 抬头凝视 28．beard n. 胡须，络腮胡子 29．watch out for 留心，密切注意 30．crossroads n. 十字路口 31．anxious adj. 焦虑，忧虑
【记】音似“俺可想死”。做一件事很着急, 很焦虑的时候, 一般都很想死。
32．firmly adv. 牢牢地，坚定地 33．grateful adj. 感激的，表示感谢的
34．helper n. 帮助者 35．aid n. & vt. 帮助
【记】come to one’s aid 帮助某人 36．relief n. 轻松，宽慰
【记】in relief 如释重负, 松了口气 37．lorry n. 卡车
38．pavement n. （马路边的）人行道
39．reduce vt.& vi. 减少
【记】re-往回, 把一个东西往回引导, 减少它
40．volunteer n. 志愿者vi. & vt. 自愿做，义务做
【记】音似“我能替尔”。我能替尔做事, 自愿做你的志愿者。
41．sniff vi. & vt. （吸着气）嗅，闻
42．analyse vt. 分析【记】爱呐(a-na)都是来自(ly-se)对对方的分析(analyse)的
43．recognize vt. 认识，辨认出；
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意识到；（正式）承认【记】re-重新；-nize动词词缀
44．puzzle n. 迷，疑问vt. 迷惑，使困惑
【记】音似“怕走”。前面有好几条路, 很怕走, 真是个难题, 迷惑(puzzle)了我。
45．ignore vt. 忽视；对……不予理会【记】1哥(i-g)没有(no)看到那个阿姨(r-e), 把她忽视(ignore)了
46．pole n. 地级；柱子，棍，杖 47．the North Pole n. 北极
48．boot n. 通常用复数（boots）靴子
49．sweat vi. 流汗 n. 汗水 50．distance n. 距离；远处
【记】distant adj. 遥远的。di-分开, -stant站。站得很开, 距离遥远。 in the distance 在远处
51．thunder n. 雷，雷声 52．lightning n. ；闪电
53．triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体,tri-,三，angle，角。
54．wave n. 波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手；摆动
55．overhead adv. 在头上方
56．tap n. & vt. & vi. 轻拍，轻敲 57．suit n. 套装 vt. 适合，满足需要
58．attach vt. 使连在一起，把……附在……上；认为……重要；at-，强调，tach,触摸。【记】attach…to….把…附加在…上
59．disability n. 缺陷；伤残
【记】disabled adj. 残疾的。dis-否定前缀; -able 能够。使你不能够做某事, 所以引申为残疾的。 60．hopeful adj. 抱有希望的
61．whisper vi. & vt. 小声说；私下说
62．bite （bit, bitten） vt. & vi. 咬 63．shark n. 鲨鱼，谐音：杀客。 ．jaw n. 颌，谐音：嚼，咀嚼。
长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解资料
65．bull n. 公牛，bu,形似圆鼓鼓的牛身，ll, 形似牛角。cow,母牛。 66．contrary adj. 相反的n. 相反的事实或情况【记】contrary to…. 与…相反
67．flesh n. （动物或人的）肉，fresh，新鲜的。
68．jewellery n. 珠宝(总称)，谐音：珠儿。
69．attract vt. 吸引【记】a+双写：一再地 ；act表现。一再地(att-)表现就是为了吸引(attract)你。 attraction n. 吸引力
70．calm adj. 镇静的，沉着的，平静的vt. & vi. 使平静，镇静【记】拆分成“卡了门(ca-l-m)”，卡了门, 不要慌，要冷静。 calm down (使)冷二、Reading课文重详解
静，平静
71．panic vi. & n. 惊慌，恐慌 【记】音似“怕你可”。可怕你了, 看到你就恐慌。 72．fist n. 拳头
73．likely adj. 可能的【记】be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事 74．pigeon n. 鸽子 75．soldier n. 士兵
76．roll vi. & vt. 卷起来；（使）滚动
77．roll up 卷起来
78．loose adj. 松动的，松开的；宽松的 vt. 松开，释放
79．employ vt. 使用；雇佣 80．compass n. 罗盘；指南针
81．unlike prep. 不像；与……不同
Fog雾 P2
Fog warning 浓雾警报
When Polly left home that morning,the city was already covered in a grey mist. At lunch,the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. At four o’clock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog .She wondered if the buses would still be running. 那天早晨波莉离家时，整个城市已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中。午餐时分，收音机预报说，薄雾将会在下午变成浓雾。下午四点，波莉下了班，步入了浓雾中。她不知道公交车是否还会照常运行。 No buses to King Street没有到国王大街的巴士
(1._______________________________), she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.一走到街上，她就快步向平常乘车的公交车站走去。
‘How far are you going?’ the bus conductor asked her before he took her fare.“您要坐多远？”巴士售票员收下她的车费前问道。
‘King Street, ’said Polly. “国王大街。”波莉答道。
‘Sorry,Miss,’replied the man,‘the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.Take the Underground to Green Park.The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi.’“对不起，小姐，”售票员回答说，“现实情况是雾太浓了，公交车跑不了那么远。乘地铁到格林公园吧。那里的天气可能好一点，您也许能叫到一辆出租车。” A tall man 高个子男人
As Polly got observed the passengers on the train,she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.At last the train arrived at Green Park station.While the rest of the passengers were getting out,she glanced at(2.____________) the faces around her.(3.____________________________).当波
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 高二英语学考复习资料
莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感到她正被一个穿着黑色大衣的高个子男人注视着。地铁终于到达了格林公园站。当其他乘客走出车厢时，她扫视了一下她周围的一张张面孔。那个高个子男人不见了。 Footsteps 脚步声 When Polly got to the station entrance,it was empty. Outside,wherever she looked the fog lay like a thick,grey cloud.There was no one in sight (4._____________________). Polly set off towards Park Street.As she walked along the narrow street,she heard the sound of footsteps approaching,but by the time she reached the corner of the street,the footsteps were gone.Suddenly Polly felt a rough hand brush her cheek,and she heard a man’s voice in her ear saying‘Sorry.’The man moved away.She could feel her heart beating with fear.当波莉到达车站入口处时，那里空无一人。外面，她目光所及之处，雾像浓密的灰云一样聚积着。什么人也看不见。波莉朝着公园大街走去。当她沿着狭窄的街道行走时，她听到了由远及近的脚步声，但当她走到街道拐角处时，脚步声却消失了，突然，波莉感到有一只粗糙的手拂过她的脸颊'并且她还听到了一个男人在她耳边说“对不起”的声音。那个男人走开了。她能感到她的心脏因害怕而怦怦地直跳。
The helpful stranger 热心的陌生人
Then she heard the sound again—soft footsteps behind her.A minute before,she had wished for(5.________________) someone to come along. Now she wanted to run,but fear held her still(6._________________).The footsteps seemed close now.Then a man’s voice came out of the darkness. ‘Is anybody there?’然后，她又听到了那种声音——在她身后响起的轻柔的脚步声。一分钟前，她曾希望有人跟着来。现在她则想跑开，可恐惧让她挪不动脚步。脚步声这会儿似乎很近了。接着，一个男人的声音从黑暗中传来：“有人吗？”
Polly hesitated.At last she answered, ‘Hello,I think I’m lost’波莉犹豫了。最终她还是回答道：“你好，我想我是迷路了。”
A few seconds later, a hand reached out(7.____________) and grasped her arm.Polly found herself staring up at(8.______________) the face of an old man with a beard. 几秒钟后，一只手伸过来抓住了她的胳膊。波莉抬头看去，发现是一位长着络胡子的老人。
‘Maybe I can help you.Which road do you want?’he asked.“也许我能帮你。你想去哪条路？”他问道。
‘I live at 86 King Street,’Polly replied.“我住在国王大街86号，”波莉答道。
‘Just take my hand,’said the man. ‘Come with me.You’ll be all right.’He took Polly’s hand. ‘Watch out for(9._______________) the step here.’“只要拉着我的手就成，”老人说，“跟着我走，不会有事的。”他拉住波莉的手。“小心这里的台阶。” In his other hand the man carried a stick.Polly heard it hit the step. ‘I can remember some terrible fogs,but maybe that was before your time.I can’t see your face,but you sound young. How old are you?’老人的另一只手里攥着一根手杖。波莉能听见它敲击台阶的声音。“我还记得几次糟糕的大雾，不过那可能都是在你出生之前的事了。我看不见你的脸，但你听起来挺年轻。你多大了？” ‘Just twenty,’ answered Polly. “刚20岁，”波莉答道。
‘Ah, twenty! A nice age to be. I was young once. Now we’re at the crossroads.Turn left
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 高二英语学考复习资料
here.’ “啊，20岁，多好的年纪啊。我也年轻过。现在我们到了十字路口了。这里向左转
‘I’m quite lost now. Are you sure you know the way?’ “我是彻底迷路了。您肯定你认识路吗？”
Polly was beginning to feel frightened again.。”波莉又开始感到害怕了。
‘Of course. You really shouldn’t feel anxious.’He held her hand more firmly.“当然肯定，你真的不用担心。”老人将她的手握得更紧了。 The grateful helper 一个感恩的帮助者
‘Here we are. King Street.’ He stopped. “我们到了，国王街。”他停住。
‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid(10.__________________),’ said Polly in relief.’
‘Would you like to come in and rest for a while?’“非常感谢您帮忙，”波莉如释重负地说道，“您愿意进屋休息会儿么？”
‘It’s very nice of you,’ said the man, ‘but I’ll be off.’There may be more people lost today, and I’d like to help them.You see, a fog this bad is rare. It gives me the chance to pay back(11.________________) the help that people give me when it’s sunny. A blind person like me can’t get across the road without help, except in a fog like this.’ “你真客气，”老人说道，“不过我还是得走了，可能今天还会有更多人迷路，我想帮帮他们。你瞧，像今天这么大的雾是很少见的。这给了我一个机会，来回报晴天时人们给我的帮助。像我这样的盲人没人帮助是根本过不了马路的，除非是在这样的浓雾里。”
三、根据课文Reading内容填空
When Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in grey mist. After work, Polly tried 1. _________ (take) her usual bus home 2._________ the fog got too thick, but the bus conductor told her to take the Underground to Green Park and find a taxi there. On the train, as Polly observed the passengers, she had a feeling 3._________ she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she 4.___________ (glance) at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere 5._____________ (see). When Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty. The fog lay like a thick grey cloud. There was no one 6.________ sight. She could feel her heart 7._________ (beat) with fear, Luckily for her, 8.________ old man came to help her. The man took Polly’s hand and 9.__________ (lead) her to her house. What a surprise when the man told Polly he was blind! And he said he just wanted to pay back the help that people gave him when it was 10.__________ (sun).
四、Project课文详解 P18
Shark attacks鲨鱼攻击
There are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to have attacked human beings. Many people know that the most dangerous shark is the great white shark, probably because they have seen the film Jaws. However, two other sharks are also rather dangerous: the tiger shark and the bull shark.有将近400种不同种类的鲨鱼，但我们知道只有约30种鲨鱼攻击过人类。许多人知道最危
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 高二英语学考复习资料
险的鲨鱼是大白鲨，也许是因为他们看过电影《大白鲨》吧。然而，另外两种鲨鱼也相当危险：虎鲨和牛鲨。
Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans. There are three types of shark attacks. In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for(12.____________)a fish, but when it tastes human flesh it decides to give up and swims away. In the second type, the shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten, and then bites you if it thinks you are. In the third type, the shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you suddenly. The last two types of attack more often result in the death of humans.和许多人可能会认为的正好相反，证据显示鲨鱼极少攻击人类。鲨鱼攻击人类的情形有三种。在主要的情形中，鲨鱼攻击你是因为它把你错当成了一条鱼，但当它尝出人肉的味道时，就会决定放弃并游开。在第二种情形中，鲨鱼会用鼻子推搡你，以弄清你是否适合被食用，如果它觉得适合，便会咬你。而在第三种情形中，鲨鱼会等待你游过，然后突然攻击你。后两种攻击类型对人类来说往往是致命的。
To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should follow these suggestions:遵循这些建议，以降低被鲨鱼攻击的风险：
(1). Do not swim in the dark. Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.不要在黑暗中游泳。在黑暗中，鲨鱼仍能看得见你，而你却看不见它们。
(2). Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh wound. Sharks can smell blood over a long distance.如果你有刚受伤的伤口，不要在海洋中游泳。鲨鱼在很远处便能嗅到血腥味。
(3). Do not wear bright clothing or jewelry, because sharks are attracted to(13._______________) the flash of colors and bright objects.不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。
(4). Stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people.集体行动，因为鲨鱼通常会避开人群。
Recently, shark attacks have been increasing as water sports are becoming more and more popular. If a shark attacks you, follow the advice below.最近，随着水上运动更加普及，鲨鱼攻击事件也在持续增多。如果鲨鱼攻击你，遵循以下建议： (1). Keep calm. Do not panic. 保持冷静。不要慌张。
(2). Hit the shark on the nose with your fist. 用你的拳头击打鲨鱼的鼻子。 (3). Stick your finger in the shark’s eye. 用你的手指戳鲨鱼的眼睛。
Do not be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.不要害怕鲨鱼：你被闪电击中的几率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的几率大三十倍。
The wonderful world of pigeons 鸽子的奇妙世界
It is night. All is quiet. The soldiers are asleep while a guard watches for the enemy. There is a flash, and the sound of guns! They are being attacked! Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards them. They are all going to be killed unless they get help. What should they do?万籁俱寂的夜晚。除了一名哨兵在站岗放哨，所有士兵都在梦乡。突然一道闪光，声四起！他们遭到攻击了！数百名敌军士兵冲向了他们。除非获得救援，否则他们全都会被杀死。他们该怎么办？
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 高二英语学考复习资料
An officer writes a short message quickly on a small piece of paper: “Being attacked! Hurry!”一名军官飞快地在一张小纸片上写道：“受袭！速援！”
He rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into a cage and gets a bird. Attaching the message to its leg, he sets the bird loose. It immediately flies into the air and disappears in the dark.他把纸片卷起来，放进一个小盒子里，然后伸手探入一个笼子，捉出一只鸟来。他将信系在它的腿上后，便松开鸟儿。它立刻飞向天空，消失在黑暗中。
Will the bird arrive in time? Will they be saved?这只鸟会及时到达吗？他们会得救吗？
Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same bird often seen in public parks----the pigeon. Pigeons have a wonderful sense of direction and can find their way home over long distances. Indeed, pigeons have been known to fly home as far away as 1,800 kilometers. That is why pigeons have been used since ancient times to carry the news or even the mail. However, (14.______________________________________). During both World War I and World War II, pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.虽然这似乎令人难以置信，但是那名军官所用的鸟儿和我们常在公园里看到的一种鸟是同样的——鸽子。鸽子有着极强的方向感，能从很远的地方找到回家的路。确实，据知鸽子能飞行远达1800公里回到家。因为这个缘故，鸽子自古以来就被用于携带消息甚至邮件。然而，它们的最大用途却是在战争中发现的。在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递消息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。
How do pigeons find their way? Pigeons appear to have a compass inside them that tells them which way is north.(15.__________________________________________). Of course, since a compass alone is not enough to find one’s way, they also appear to use their sight and even their sense of smell to tell them which way they should go. Unlike humans, they never get lost and can always find their way home.鸽子是怎么认路的呢？鸽子体内似乎有一只罗盘，告诉它们何处是北。这个罗盘是如何工作的仍然是个谜。当然，由于仅靠一只罗盘不足以认路，它们似乎也使用视觉乃至嗅觉去辨明应该走哪条路。和人类不同，它们从不迷路，总是能找到归家的路。
五、根据Project课文内容进行单句改错。
1. Though there are merely 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to have attacked human beings. ______________
2. To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should follow these suggestion.______________
3. Don’t be frightening by sharks. _____________
4. He roll up the paper and puts it into a small case. _____________ 5. Attached the message to its leg, he sets the bird loose. _______________
Module 3 Unit 2
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 高二英语学考复习资料
一、 Vocabulary
1.be made up of 由……组成（构成）
2.vocabulary n. 词汇
3.nowadays adv. 现在，如今 4.Celtic n. 凯尔特语
5.Germanic adj. 日耳曼语（族）的 6.mainland n.
【记】main-主要的，land陆地；主要【记】音似“敌飞特(de-fea-t)”。敌人飞快地、特快地逃跑的，因为被defeat 了。
22.take control of 控制，取得对……的控制
【记】控制是两个人(con-)之间的事儿。
【记】音似“控球”。控球就是在控制的陆地都在(mainland)上。 7.Angle n. 盎格鲁人,angle,角，角落，盎格鲁人来自西欧西北角的古代德国。
8.Saxon n. 撒克逊人
9.occupy vt. 占领；占用（时间、空间等）
【记】音似“喔! Q派!”(o-ccu-py)。看见一个很Q的派, 就占(occupy)为己有了。
10.consist vi. 组成，构成
【记】con- 一起；sist-坐；大家坐到一起来, 组成了一个集体。
11.consist of 由……组成（构成） 12.mixture n. 混合，混合体
【记】mix- 混合，-ture 名词后缀 13.name after 以……命名 14.aside adv. 除……之外 15.aside from 除……之外
16.Viking n. 维京人，北欧海盗 17.official adj. 官方的，正式的 【记】长着一张公司(office)脸(ficial)，是很正式的。 18.phrase n. 词组，短语
19.contribution n. 贡献，促成因素；捐赠
【记】contribute v. 贡献；导致 con- 一起, tribute是“贡品”的意思；tri-努力的, -bute音似“built(建设)”; 努力地建设, 要进贡贡品。
【串联】由于大家的贡献，才能导致国家的进步。
20.Norman n. & adj. 诺曼人（的） 21.defeat vt. 击败，战胜
这个球。
23.the Norman Conquest 诺曼征服（诺曼人对英格兰的军事征服） 24.lead to 导致
25.replace vt. 替换，代替，取代 【记】re-重新，往回；place v. 放置；重新place放一个东西进来，来替代旧的那个；把一个东西往回放，则是放回原处。
26.entire adj. 完全的，整个的
【记】en-使得；tire累。做完全部的(entire)事情，使你很累。 27.servant n. 仆人
【记】serve vt. 为…服务；-ant “…者”；为人服务者---仆人
28.raise vt. 养育，培育；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及
【记】音似“睿子(rai-se)”。一个睿智的孩子肯定是被养育、培育出来的；要不停地提高他的知识，为了供他读书而筹集资金。
29.therefore adv. 因此，所以 30.mutton n. 羊肉
31.bacon n. 熏猪肉，咸猪肉 【记】熏猪肉(bacon)就是“被啃”的命。
【注】音译过来就是“培根”。
32.plural n. & adj. 复数形式（的） 33.high-class adj. 上层社会的
34.mother tongue n. 母语，本国语 35.the Renaissance n. （欧洲）文艺复兴
36.Latin n. & adj. 拉丁语（的） 37.Greek adj. 希腊语的，希腊
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 高二英语学考复习资料
（人）的 n. 希腊语，希腊人 38.process n. 过程，进程
【记】pro-往前，ce-跑。往前跑过思思(ss)是需要过程的。得先处理好单词。
39.distinction n. 区别，差别
【记】di- 分开, -stin 刺, -tion名词后缀。分开(di-)刺(stin)可(-c)是有区别，差别(distinction)的。 40.spelling n. 拼写
41.accent n. 口音，腔调；着重点 【记】音似“爱可深的”。每个人对自己家乡的口音的爱都是可深的。爱可深的，所以要重读，强调你的爱。 42.concern n. 关心；忧虑vt. 涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣
【记】con- 共同，-cern 心。大家的心(cern)都在这个问题上，很关心这个涉及自己的问题。
【搭】be concerned about...关心，担忧...
43.ban vt. & n. 禁止；取缔 【搭】ban sb. from...禁止某人...
44.pure adj. 纯的，纯净的，纯粹的 45.unique adj. 独特的
【记】有你(uni-)就可(-que)以了，因为你是独一无二的。
46.access vt. 进入；使用 n. 通道；（使用的）机会，权利
【搭】have access to....接近；可以使用....
47.character n. （书写或印刷）文字，符号；人物；性格
【记】char-拼写似“插入”，acter 似actor演员；戏里要插入一个演员，一定是他的性格，特征很适合某个角色(character)
48.bark n. & vi. （狗）叫 49.racial adj. 人种的，种族的 【记】race n. 种族，人种；赛跑 50.gentle adj. 温柔的，平和的 【记】gentleman 绅士。绅士都是比较温和有礼的(gentle)。
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51.embarrass vt. 使尴尬，使难堪 【记】第一次进(em)酒吧(bar-r)看到舞女扭屁股(ass), 尴尬了。 【变】embarrassment n. 尴尬
52.backwards adv. 向后；向反方向 53.conclusion n. 结论；推论 【记】conclude v. 得出结论；结束。con-互相；clude-关。两个人互相关门了，说明已经谈话结束，得出结论了。conclusion n.结论 -sion 名词后缀
54.custom n. 风俗，习俗
【记】音似“卡死(cus-)汤姆(tom)” 55.interrupt vi. & vt. 插嘴，打断，暂停
56.mistaken adj. 错误的；误解的 57.ought to v. 应当，应该 58.differ vi. 相异，有区别
59.differ from 和……不同，不同于 60.alphabet n. (一种语言的)字母表，全部字母。alp,a字母在希腊文中的读音，bet,b字母的希腊读音，字母ab,代表26个字母。
61.stand for 代表，象征 62.deed n. 行为，行动 【记】do的名词
63.writing n. 文字；文字作品
.hunt vi. & vt. 打猎，猎杀；搜寻 【搭】hunt for... 搜寻
65.appearance n. 外观，外貌
【记】新手机app出现了, 外观上看上去像耳朵(ear)， -ance名词后缀。 【变】appear vi.出现，看上去
82．represent vt. 代表；展示，描绘 【记】re- 一再地；present陈述，出席。一再地出席, 一再地陈述，代表了一个团队。
83．drawing n. 绘画，绘画艺术 84．simplify vt. 简化 【变】simple adj. 简单的
85．as a whole 作为整体，总体上 86．combine vt. & vi. 组合；（使）联合【记】com-共同；-bine音似
长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 高二英语学考复习资料
“绑”。把一些东西绑到了一起，使它来自各界的压力。【变】pressure n. 们结合、团结在了一起。 压力 87．distinguish vt. 区分，辨别；使93．wire n. 金属丝；铁丝网 具有某种特征 94．convenient adj. 方便的 【记】di-分开；stin-刺；-uish动词词【记】con-一起；ven-走；-ient形容尾。通过分开刺, 我们可以区分、辨词后缀。大家可以一起走到那个地方别它们。【搭】distinguish A from B 去，证明那里的位置是非常方便的。 区分A和B 95．battle n. & vi. 战斗 88．indicate vt. 显示，表示；象96．pattern n. 图案，花纹；模式，征，暗示【记】in-里面；dic-说；-ate方式 动词后缀。里面说的话，就是在表明97．drag vt. （使劲地）拖，拉 观点。 98．practical adj. 切实可行的，实．shortcoming n. 缺点，短处 用的【记】practice n./v.练习，实90．ink n. 墨水，油墨 践。-al形容词后缀【搭】be of 91．eyesight n. 视力 practical use 实用的 = be practical 【记】眼睛(eye)看(sight)到的地方, 是99．thus adv. 以此方式，如此；因视力范围。 此，从而 92．press vt. （被）压，挤，推，100．typewriter n. 打字机 施加压力n. 报刊；新闻界；出版社 101．version n. 版本【记】verse转 【记】pre-在前面；SS站在你前面, -sion名词后缀。一句话转来转(verse)肯定催你背单词, 让你有压力。 去就会流传出不同的版本(version) 【串】新闻界、报刊、出版社常受到
二、Reading课文重点重现
English and its history英语及其历史 P22
All through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of(1.__________) the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. (2.____________________________ _______).有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许多不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语就是由这些人带来的语法和词汇构成的。那就是为何英语有这么多使人困惑的不解规则。 Old English 古英语 Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic group from the European mainland-the Angles and the Saxonsoccupied Britain. Old English consisted of(3._________) a mixture of their language.(Both the English language and the English people are named after(4.________) the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English). Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with(5._________) Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
official language of England.古英语和现今我们说的英语完全不同。事实上，如果现在听到古英语，我们会听不懂。公元5世纪中叶前，生活在不列颠的人都说一种叫凯尔特语的语言。然后，来自欧洲的两个日耳曼部族—盎格鲁人和撒克逊人—占领了不列颠。古英语是他们的语言混合而成的。（英语及英国人都是从盎格鲁这个词而来的；Angle这个词在古英语里拼作Engle。）除了像伦敦这样的地名外，极少数的凯尔特单词成了古英语的一部分。在9世纪末，来自北欧诸国（如丹麦和挪威）的维京人开始向不列颠移居。他们带来了他们的语言，这些语言也与古英语交汇在了一起。到了十世纪，古英语已是英格兰的官方语言。
When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use.
(6._____________________________________________________________________). For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians.现在当我们讲英语时，我们有时会对用哪些单词或短语而感到困惑。这是因为英语有着许多来自不同语言的单词和短语，但这些单词和短语有着相似的意思。比如，sick一词就是来自由盎格鲁和撒克逊人曾经用过的一个词，而ill则来自曾经被挪威人用过的一个词。
Middle English 中古英语
Middle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in(7._____________) the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French speaking people who defeated England and took control of(8.________)the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to(9.________) Old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other hand(10._________), the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in(11.________) even more words with similar meanings, such as answer (from Old English) and reply (from Old French). It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed. After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals. Therefore, the words we use for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep, and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French : beef, mutton, pork, and bacon.中古英语是给大约12世纪到15世纪期间使用过的英语起的名字。在这一新型英语的发展中，许多东西起了作用。最大的贡献来自于语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语产生的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。但另一方面，英语也确实借用了许多法语单词，因此产生了更多意思相近的单词，比如answer（来自于古英语）和reply（来自于古法语）。了解有关动物和肉的词汇是怎么演变而来的，是件挺有趣的事。诺曼人征服英格兰之
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
后，许多英国人以仆人的身份从事饲养动物的工作。因此，我们现在所用的大多数表示专为肉食而饲养的动物的单词，比如cow（母牛）、sheep（羊）和pig（猪），来自于古英语。然而，由于这些动物的肉是供应给话曼人的，所以指代这些动物的肉的词来自于古法语，如beef（牛肉）、mutton（羊肉）、pork（猪肉）和bacon（熏猪肉，成猪肉）。
Old French made other contributions to(12.___________) Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used. For example, they said housen instead of house, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control, they began using French way of making plurals, adding an –s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as
man/men and child/children.古法语也为中古英语做出了其他贡献。在古英语中，单词变复数采用了日耳曼语中单词变复数的方法。比如说，他们说housen而不是houses，说shosen而不是shoes。当诺曼人控制英格兰之后，他们开始使用法语的复数构成形式，在house和shoe后面加s。只有很少的单词保留了日耳曼语的复数形式，如man/men和child/children。
After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. However, by the latter half of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use(13.__________) among all classes in England. In 1399, Henry IV became King of England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events.诺曼征服之后，上层社会的人语，而普通人则讲英语。但是到了14世纪后半叶时，英语已被英格兰所有社会阶层广泛使用。1399年，亨利四世成了英格兰国王。他的母语是英语，他在所有正式场合都使用英语。
Modern English现代英语
Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through(14.________) huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changing(15.____________) in the future is easy to answer.
(16._________________________________________), and people will keep
inventing new words and new ways of saying things.现代英语是在16世纪的文艺复兴时期出现的。由于这个原因，现代英语中含有许多拉丁语及希腊语单词。在此期间，英语发音也经历了巨大的变化。当然．这并不是英语语言变化的终结。英语在未来是否会继续变化，这一问题是很容易问答的。可以肯定的是，这一变化过程将会继续，人们将会不断地发明新的单词和新的表达方式。
三、根据课文Reading内容填空
All through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain 1. _________ brought grammar and vocabulary to Britain. Old English consisted of 2. _______mixture of different languages from several groups. By the 10th century, Old English 3. ___________(become)the official
language of England. Then came Middle English. Many things contributed 4. _____it. French did not replace English as the first language 5. _______ the English language
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
6. _______borrow many words from French. In 1399, Henry Ⅳ became King of England and used English for all 7. ____________ (office) events. Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through huge 8. ____________
(change) during this period. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy 9. _____________(answer). 10. ________ is certain that this process will continue.
四、Project课文重点重现 P38
The development of Chinese characters 汉字的发展
The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that(1.______)instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for(2._________) ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up(3.________)a word. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. 汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。中文的词语是通过把不同的汉字放在一起而组成的。在许多情况下，一个单字也能构成一个词。通过研究这些汉字是如何发展的就可以考察汉语的历史了。
Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named CangJie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the tracks of animals in the snow and observed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into
standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountains together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into (4._______) the character used nowadays.汉字起源于数千年前。根据古代传说，一位名叫仓颉的人发明了汉字。他在某个冬日打猎时，看到各种动物留在雪中的足迹，他发现足迹的形状各不相同。于是他想到可以用不同的形状来代表不同物体。最初的汉字只是表现有形物体的图画。随着时间的推移，一些汉字被简化了，而另一些则变得更加复杂。不过总的来说，汉字从图画发展成了标准形式。表示“山”的汉字最初是三座山峰并列，继而变成了一座山峰和三条线，随着时间的推移，最终演变成了现在使用的字形。
(5.__________________________________________________). Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters
together. For example, ‘rest’ was made up of(6.__________) the characters for a man and a tree. The character‘prisoner’was formed with a‘man’inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for‘up’and‘down’, which are opposites of each other.并非所有的汉字都从物体的图画演变而来。有时候为了表达概念，某些汉字由两个或多个汉字组合而成。比如，“休”是由表示“人”
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
和“树”的汉字组合而成的，“因”字则是由人字位于框中构成的。另一些汉字则用于表示方向和数字。只要看它们的字形，就可以很容易区别它们的意思，比如汉字“上”和“下”，其字形恰好相反。
Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation.(7.______________________________________________).虽然这几种类型的汉字能够表意，但是它们的缺点之一是其字形不具有表音的功能。因此便出现了一种应对之策，即汉字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。今天使用的许多汉字便是用这种方式创造出来的。
In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now they have widespread use in China’s mainland.20世纪50年代，中国推广简化汉字，现在它们已在中国全面普及。
The story of Braille 布莱叶盲文的故事
Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. However, this is not always true. For example, blind people cannot see, but they can still read books.通常，当我们谈到阅读时，我们会想到用眼睛去看纸上墨水写成的字母。然而，情况并不一定总是这样。比如，盲人无法看到东西，但他们仍能阅读书籍。
The man who introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille (1809-1852). Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of(8._________) an injury. When he was ten, he went to a school for the blind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. The whole system was no convenient for use. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it. 将盲人领入阅读世界的人是路易斯·布莱叶(1809-1852)。布莱叶在三岁时因为受伤而失明。十岁时，他进入巴黎一所盲人学校就读。那时候，供盲人阅读的书籍是用纸压在金属丝上来形成字母。因为金属丝很重，所以每本书都会重达100磅，整个系统使用起来非常不方便。事实上，学校图书馆也只有14本这样的书。
In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle. His system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers. Each letter of the alphabet was represented by a different pattern which consisted of(9.___________)twelve dots. The soldiers would drag their fingers over the raised dots to read the message.1821年，一位士兵参观学校时向学生们展示了一种战时夜间传递信息的方法。他的方法是使用带小凸点的纸张，这些小凸点可以用手指感觉出来。字母表里的每一个字母都由12个点组成的不同形状来表示。因此士兵们可以用手指触摸凸点来阅读信息。
While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use(10._________). However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter. ‘Braille’, the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was thus born.虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。然而年轻的布莱叶采纳了这个想法并着
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
手完善它。15岁时，他创造出了可以由6个凸点表示字母的体系。“布莱叶盲人点字法”，这一当今被全世界盲人广泛使用的阅读体系就此诞生了。
The blind can easily recognize Braille with the fingers. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including
Chinese, has its own version of Braille for its people to use. 盲人可以轻松的用手指辨别布莱叶盲文。他们也可以使用特殊的打字机，方便地用布莱叶盲文书写。今天，布莱叶盲文是世界上最为普及的盲人阅读及书写体系，几乎每种语言，包括汉语，都有着自己的布莱叶盲文版本供盲人使用。
五、根据Project课文内容进行单句改错。
1. A man name Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. __________ 2. A single character can also make up of a word. __________
3. For example, ‘rest’ was made of the characters for a man and a tree. __________ 4. The man whom introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille. __________ 5. Braille lose his eyesight at the age of three as a result of an injury. __________
Module 3 Unit 3 Lost civilaization
一、Vocabulary
1．civilization n. 文明 16．ash n. 灰，灰烬 2．【记】civil adj. 公民的，文17．pour vi. 涌流，倾泻vt. 倒明的； 出（液体）
3． civilize v. 使文明 18．unfortunate adj. 不幸的，-ation 名词后缀 遗憾的
4．lecture n. 讲座 19．【记】来自于fortune(n.财5．【记】lec- 说，-ture 名词后产, 运气)，音似“佛亲”, 被佛亲一口, 缀 财产不断来，运气挡不住。
6．【搭】attend a lecture 参加讲20．unfortunate adj. 不幸的，座；听课 un-否定前缀，-ate 形容词后缀
7．found (founded，founded) 21．mud n. 泥浆，烂泥 vt. 兴建，创建 22．decorate vt. 装饰，装潢
8．BC abbr. 公元前 （before 23．flee (fled, fled) vt. & vi. Christ的缩写） 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
9．roman n. 罗马人adj. 罗马24．researcher n. 研究者，调查的，罗马人的 者
10．take over 夺取；接管 25．true-to-life adj. 逼真的 11．volcano n. 火山 26．disaster n. 灾难 12．AD abbr. 公元 （Anno 27．【记】陨石降落，往底(di-)Domini的缩写） 下砸死他(sa-s-ter)，造成了灾难
13．erupt vi. （火山等）爆发 (disaster)。 14．【记】e-往外；-rupt断；里28．destroy vt. 毁坏，摧毁 面断裂后往外喷出来=爆发 29．commercial adj. 商业的，
15．lava n. 熔岩，火山岩 贸易的
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30．【变】commerce n. 商业，音似“抠门死”。 -al形容词后缀
31．wealthy adj. 富有的，富裕的
32．【变】wealth n.财富，富有；
33．【记】我们(we)都(al-)是太后(t-h)，肯定都很有富有，有很多财富(wealth)。
34．gradually adv. 渐渐地，逐渐地
35．sandstorm n. 沙尘暴，风沙 36．scholar n. 学者
37．cultural adj. 文化的【记】culture n. 文化。音似“靠扯”(cul-ture)。文化(culture)是靠扯出来的。 -al 形容词后缀
38．institute n. （教育或其他专业）机构，研究所
39．ruin n. 废墟；毁坏vt. 破坏，毁坏
40．remains n. 遗物，遗迹，遗骸【变】remain vi. 仍然是，保持；留在；剩下。
41．【记】阿姨(r-e)仍是主要的(main)人物，依然保持(remain)自己的地位。
42．beneath prep. 在……之下 43．pot n. 罐，壶
44．material n. 材料；物质 adj. 物质的
45．document n. 文献，文件 46．workshop n. 作坊，车间 47．explode vi. 爆炸【记】explo-用力往外；de- 音似“的”；用力往外的一声，肯定是有东西爆炸了(explo-de)
48．nearby adv. & adj. 在附近（的）
49．extreme adj. 极度的；极端的
50．【记】ex-外，-treme 发音似“dream”，梦到的事儿都很极端。
51．complain vi. 抱怨的 52．【记】在一起的两个人都(com-)很平凡(plain)的话，这一辈子就有得抱怨(complain)了。
53．bone n. 骨骼，骨头 54．wooden adj. 木制的 55．leather n. 皮革
56．historical adj. 历史的；与历史研究相关的
57．【记】historic adj. 历史的, 有历史影响的；-al 形容词后缀
58．solution n. 解决办法，解答
59．【记】solve v.解决；-tion 名词后缀
60．expression n. 表达；表情，神色【记】ex-往外；press压。把心中的想法压出去，就是在表达自己。-sion 名词后缀
61．audience n. 观众，听众 62．【记】audi-听，音似“奥迪”。-ence 名词后缀。
63．cave n. 洞穴
．ceremony n. 仪式，典礼 65．【记】邀请别人来参加你的仪式就是为了让他塞给你(ce-re)一些红包(mony，似money)。
66．republic n. 共和国；共和政体
67．chairman n. 68．pearl n. 珍珠
69．harbor （harbour）n. 港口 70．【记】在海(har)上可以停泊(bor)的地方就是港口(harbor)。 Pearl harbor 珍珠港
71．navy n. 海军，海军 72．powerful adj. 强有力的 73．【记】power n. 权力，力量；-ful 形容词后缀
74．airfield n. （军用）机场 75．bomb vt. 轰炸 n. 76．【记】音似“嘣”。 77．sailor n. 水手，海员
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
【记】sail n./v. 航行； -or 指人的94．ahead adv. （时间、空名词后缀 间）在前面；提前，预先；领先
78．fortunate adj. 幸运的95．come down with 患（病） 【记】fortune (n.财产, 运气)，音似96．vast adj. 辽阔的；巨大“佛亲”, 被佛亲一口, 财产不断来，运的；大量的 气挡不住。-ate形容词后缀。 97．philosophy n. 哲学【记】
79．aircraft n. 飞机 philo-音似“废咯”；sophy智慧。学完80．carrier n. 航空母舰，运输了哲学，才知道我们以前的智慧都废设备；运输公司 咯。
81．declare vt. 宣布，宣称 98．salary n. 薪金，薪水 82．【记】de-下面；clare-清99．aware adj. 意识到的，知道楚。为了让下面的人清楚规则，必须的；察觉到的【记】一个(a)哇(wa)了要宣布、声明。 一声的阿姨(r-e)，一定是有意识的
83．in memory of 纪念【记】埋(aware)。 没(me-mo)事情的地方(-ry, 表示地方100．【搭】be aware of... 知道，的后缀)，就是我们的memory。 意识到
84．memorial n. 纪念碑，纪念101．basis n. 基础；基准；原馆adj. 纪念的【记】memori- 纪念，因 -al全部；纪念一个事件里全部的贡献102．court n. ，法庭；球者，要树一个memorial。 场；宫庭【记】音似“拷他”。法庭
85．educate vt. 教育 (court)就是拷问他(cour-t) 86．【记】往外(e-)引导(duc-)知103．god n. 神，神灵 识，是教育。【变】education n. 教104．corrupt vt. 使腐化，使堕育 落adj. 贪污的，的【记】cor-一
87．statue n. 雕塑，雕像 起，共同 -rupt断 (比如company)=88．no doubt 无疑，确实 两个人人品一起断了= ．rise up against ，反抗 105．trial n. 审讯，审理；试90．troop n. 士兵；， 验；考验【记】try v. 尝试 91．stand in one's path 阻碍（某106．judge n. 法官，审判员；人） 裁判员【记】法官总是夹着(ju-dge)一
92．march vi. & n. 前进，进叠材料，裁判总是很有架子(ju-dge)。发； 【变】judgment n. 判断；审判
93．glory n. 辉煌；荣耀，光荣
二、Reading课文重点重现
Lost civilizations失落的文明 P42
Day1, 15 July第一天，7月1 5日
(1._____________________________________). We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii. Next week we are flying to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as (2.____________) China’s Pompeii in the desert. Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago.能获得这次旅行的机会我感到非常幸运。现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。下周我们会飞往中国去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中国庞贝”的古城。庞贝和楼兰一样，都是很久
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以前失落了的文明。
Day2, 16 July第二天，7月16日
This morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii. The city was founded in the 8th century BC. In BC, the Romans took over (3.___________) Pompeii. It then became a rich and busy city. (4._______________________). On 24 August AD 79, the volcano erupted and lava, ash, and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside. It continued to erupt for the next two days. Many people were buried alive (5.__________________), and so was the city (6._____________________). 今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市建于公元前8世纪，公元前年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了座繁华的城市。离城市不远处有一座火山。公元79年的8月24日，这座火山喷发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石喷涌而出，全部倾泻到四周的乡村。火山喷发持续了两天。很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。
How unfortunate! 真是太不幸了！ Day3, 17 July第三天，7月1 7日
Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago. How amazing! The city was forgotten for many years until the 8th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage. Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied. 今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。多么奇妙啊!这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到1 8世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。因此在1 860年，将这一区域保护了起来，便于保存和研究。
When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days ! I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings. I also saw the people who had been buried alive. It turns out that (7._____________) after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash. Years later, researchers were able to use these empty spaces to produce true-to-life figures of the people who had died in the disaster. You can see them today in Pompeii, in the same places where the people fell. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now. It is hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city! (8.____________________________________)当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了!我还看到了几处装饰着壁画的房子。我也看到了被活埋的人。原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。多年之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出逼真的遇难者轮廓。你现在可以在庞贝看到他们，就在原来他们倒下的同样地点。火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静。很难想象如此平静的火山如何摧毁了整座城市! Day10, 24July 第十天，7月24日
Finally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of travelling. This commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago. It was a stopping point on the famous silk road between the East and the West. It is believed to have been gradually covered by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. I am so excited to be here!经过好几天的旅
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
程，我们终于抵达了楼兰。这座商业城市在大约两千年前也曾繁华过。它是连接东西方著名的丝绸之路上的停靠站。据信，从公元200年到公元400年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。能在这里我好兴奋! Day11, 25 July第十一天，7月25日
A scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand, together with (9.__________) a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, material such as silk, documents and wall paintings. When we went to the city, we saw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers. We found the ruins most interesting. There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand---what a pity (10.___________)!来自于当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，在1900年前后，来自欧洲的探险家斯文·赫定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。斯文发现了埋藏于沙下的建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画的壶、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。当我们到这座城市时，我们看到了城墙、宫殿、庙宇、作坊及高塔。我们发现楼兰废墟非常有趣。有一条古老的供水系统贯穿市中心。这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，那导致楼兰这座城市被沙尘埋葬——多遗憾啊!
三、根据课文Reading内容填空
I feel lucky to 1.______________(win) a place on this trip. Next week we are going to Loulan, 2._________ is known as China’s Pompeii in the desert. This morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii. The city 3._____________(found) in the 8th century BC, the Romans took 4._________ Pompeii. Near the city was a volcano. On 24 August AD 79, the volcano erupted. Many people were buried alive, and so was 5._________ city. Today I saw the city of Pompeii 6._________ it was 2,000 years ago. How amazing! The city was forgotten for many years 7._________ the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. People started to dig in this area for treasure, which caused much damage. Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government 8.____________ (protect) so it could be preserved and studied. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now. It is hard 9.______________ (imagine) how this 10.___________ (peace) volcano destroyed the whole city!
五、Project课文重点重现 P58
Ancient Greek statue found in Xinjiang发现古希腊塑像
Researchers announced the discovery of a small statue in northern Xinjiang,
China, recently. The metal statue is of a Greek soldier. When asked (1.___________) how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt (2.____________) this was a result of Alexander the Great‘s influence.
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
最近，研究人员宣布，在中国北部地区发现了一尊小型塑像。这尊金属塑像是一名希腊士兵的造型。当被问及来自遥远希腊的塑像怎么会出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。
Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) was the son of a Greek king who defeated many Greek cities in battle. At the age of twenty, Alexander himself became king after his father died. However, many cities rose up against (3._________) Alexander, so he led an army to take them back. Though his army had only 3,000 troops, he won every battle and many enemy soldiers joined him.
亚历山大大帝（公元前356—公元前323年）是一位在战斗中击溃了许多希腊城邦的希腊国王之子。20岁那年，父亲死后，亚历山大自己成了国王。然而，许多城邦趁势作乱，反对亚历山大，于是他便率领一支夺回这些城邦。尽管他的仅有三千人，但是他赢得了所有战役，许多敌方士兵投靠了他。
In 334 BC, he took his army, now with 42,000 men, into the Middle East and then Egypt, defeating every army that stood in his path. Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, finding victory wherever he went. It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of (4.__________) the entire world. However, his own army grew tired of (5.__________) endless battles and refused to go any further, so he had to turn back. By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of (6.___________) him. Yet, in 323 BC, he came down with (7._________) a fever and died. Since he had no son, his generals divided his vast kingdom among
themselves.公元前334年，他率领当时已达四万两千人的进入中东，接着是埃及，兵锋所至，所向披靡。然后，他又将目光转向东方，长驱直入印度，所到之处，攻无不克，战无不胜。似乎没有什么能够阻止他控制整个世界。然而，他自己的对无休止的战斗感到厌倦，拒绝再往前走，所以他不得不班师回朝。亚历山大30岁时便已占领了辽阔的疆域，前无古人，前面似乎还有更大的辉煌在等着他。可是，公元前323年，他发烧病倒，不治身亡。由于他没有儿子，他的将军们便瓜分了他庞大的王国。
Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia, influencing the world for centuries to come. The statue of the Greek soldier found in northern Xinjiang probably came to China in the 4th century BC as a result of trade. Like many other ancient objects that show a Greek influence, it can now be seen in a museum in Urumqi.亚历山大大帝将希腊文化从欧洲传播到非洲和亚洲，在此后的数个世纪中影响了整个世界。在北部发现的希腊士兵塑像也许是在公元前4世纪因贸易而来到中国的。像许多显示希腊影响力的其他古代文物一样，它现在乌鲁木齐的一家博物馆展出。
The father of Western philosophy 西方哲学之父
The word ‘philosophy’ means ‘love of wisdom’. Philosophy can be thought of as a way of looking at the world around us, or of answering the great questions of life, such as ‘Why are we here?’ and ‘What is truth?’“哲学”一词意为“热爱智慧”。哲学可被认为是观察我们周围世界的一种方式，或是解答人生重大问题的一种方式，如：“我们为什么会在这里？”以及“什么是真理？”
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
The father of Western philosophy was Socrates (469–399 BC). Socrates was from Athens, in Greece. When he was young, he was a brave soldier. Later, he became a teacher, but he taught for free and earned his salary from being a common worker. Aside from (8.____________) this, we know very little about him. Since he never wrote a book, we also know very little about his philosophy. Yet, Socrates has had a deep influence on (9._____________) Western thought and science.西方哲学之父是苏格拉底（公元前469—公元前399年）。苏格拉底是希腊雅典人。在年轻时，他是一名勇敢的士兵。后来，他成了一名教师，但他教书却不收费，靠当一名普通劳动者挣钱。除此以外，我们对他了解很少。由于他从不写书，因此我们对他的哲学也知之甚少。然而，苏格拉底对西方的思想和科学却有着深刻的影响。
To understand how this can be true, we must understand how Socrates taught. Socrates taught by asking questions. Through this, he challenged his students to develop and explain their own arguments. In many cases, his questions made his students aware of (10.______________) their own errors. Many students got
embarrassed and even angry when this happened, while others changed their opinions. Socrates’ way of approaching the truth is now called the Socratic Method. The idea of asking questions until you reach the right answer is the basis of modern philosophy and science.为了理解这何以成真，我们必须搞清苏格拉底是怎样教学的。苏格拉底通过提问进行教学。通过这种方式，他盘问学生，要他们完善并阐释自己的论点。很多时候，他的问题让学生们意识到自己的错误。当这种情况发生时，许多学生感到尴尬和气愤，而另外一些学生则会改变他们的观点。苏格拉底探求真理的方式现在被称作苏格拉底问答法。提出一个个问题直至你得出正确答案的这一思路是现代哲学和科学的基础。
Unfortunately for him, Socrates questioned too much. He always asked
challenging questions to everyone he met, upsetting many people in Athens. Finally, some people had had enough of him, so they took him to court for questioning the existence of the Greek gods and for corrupting the young people of Athens. At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions. This just made a bad situation worse. Finally he was put to death by being forced to drink poison. Through his death, Socrates became the hero of all people who search for the truth.很不幸的是，苏格拉底问得太多了。每遇到一个人，他都要提出一些难以回答的问题，惹恼了雅典的许多人。最后，一些人对他忍无可忍，于是便把他送上了法庭，罪名是质疑希腊众神的存在和腐蚀雅典的年轻人。在审判中，他却向法官提出更多问题，以此为自己辩护。这更是雪上加霜。最后，他被迫喝下毒药而被处死。由于他的死，苏格拉底成了所有探求真理的人心目中的英雄。
五、根据Project课文内容进行单句改错。
1. A metal statue of Greek soldier was discovered in northern Xingjiang, China. _____________
2. However, many cities rose up against Alexander, so he led an army to take it back. _____________
3. It seemed that something could stop him from taking control of the entire world.
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
_____________
4. However, his own army grew tiring of endless battles and refused to go any farther. _____________
5. Later he came down with a fever and had died in 323 BC. ______________ 21．comment n. 评论，评价 vi. 评 M4 Unit 1 Advertisement 论，议论，谐音：抠门的，就是对某人1．advertising n. 做广告；广告活动；的评论。 广告业,谐音：爱得我汰渍，汰渍的广22．mental adj . 心理的；思想的，精告语 神的；智力的，谐音：门偷，精神有问2．airline n. 航空公司 题的人才会偷门
3．drug n. 毒品；药，药物，谐音：23．fall for 上……的当，受……的骗 抓哥，抓贩毒的大哥。 24．trick n. ；玩笑，恶作剧；戏4．shine n. 光亮，光泽，谐音：闪，法，把戏；诀窍vt. 欺骗，欺诈 闪闪发亮。 25．play tricks on 欺骗，欺诈 5．shampoo n. 洗发精，洗发香波，26．aim vt. & vi. 以……为目标；瞄谐音：香波 准 n. 目的，目标 6．advertisement n.（ad）广告；广告27．nationwide adj. & adv. 全国范围宣传 的（地），全国性的（地） 7．persuade vt. 说服，劝说；使信服，28．campaign n. 运动（为了某种目每天都碎碎地念。 的而进行的一系列有计划的活动），一8．advertise vt. & vi. 做广告，宣传 起，陪你，一起陪你参加活动 9．be meant to 旨在，目的是 29．deal with 涉及，关于；处理，应10．welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福、付
安全和健康；福利，好的，fare,费用，30．motto n. 座右铭；格言，箴言，好的费用就是福利。 谐音：木头，鲁迅先生把座右铭刻在木11．cheat vt. & vi. 欺骗；作弊 n. 骗头的桌子上：早 子；欺诈行为，谐音:欺他 31．cigarette n.香烟，卷烟，谐音：雪12．skilful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的，茄，就是一种香烟。 技巧，形容词后缀 32．benefit vt. & vi. 使受益；得益于 13．even if / though 虽然，即使 n. 益处；救济金；奖金，好的，合适， 14．innocent adj. 清白的，无罪的；33．promote vt. 推广，宣春；促销；无恶意的；纯真的，里面，没有，美元，促进，推动，向前，移动，使前移，推口袋里没有一美元，说明没偷东西，是动。 无罪的。 34．intelligence n. 智力，才智；情报，15．breath n. 气息；呼吸 in-，里面，tell，告诉，名词后缀，里16．bad breath n. 口臭 面的人告诉你一件事，就是一个情报。 17．fool vt. 欺骗，愚弄n. 傻瓜 35．slave n. 完全受……控制的人；18．cure vt. 治愈；解决n. 药物，疗奴隶，谐音：死拉吾，我就成了被拉着法；对策 走的奴隶。 19．grocery n. 杂货店 36．consult vt. 咨询；请教 20．pleased adj. 高兴，满意；乐于37．comprehension n. 理解力，领悟（做某事） 能力；理解练习
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38．latest adj. 最新的
39．best-seller n. 畅销书；畅销品 40．amazed adj. 大为惊奇,a,一个，maze，谐音：妹子，看到一个漂亮妹子，感到大为惊奇。amazing，令人惊奇的。amazement， 惊奇
41．recommend vt. 推荐；建议，劝告；介绍,re-,反复，commend=comment,评论，反复评论，就是在推荐。
42．publisher n. 出版社，出版机构；出版人，发行人，publish，v. 出版。 43．senior adj. 毕业年级的；级别（或低位）高的 n. 高年级学生，毕业班学生；上司；junior，初级的。 44．purchase vt. 购买。采购 n. 采购；购买的东西，
45．designer n. 设计者，设计师，design，v.设计。
46．software n. 软件 47．tip n. 建议，提示；顶端，末梢；小费 vt. & vi. （使）倾斜，倾覆；给小费
48．eye-catching adj. 引人注目的 49．logo n. （公司或机构的）标识，标志，徽标
50．slogan n. 标语；口号 51．corporation n. （大）公司，cor-，一起，por=operate,操作，经营，公司需要大家一起经营。coroperate,合作 52．bar n. 条，棒；酒吧
53．multiply vi. & vt. 成倍增加，迅速增加；乘，乘以,
54．design vt. & n. 设计
55．update vt. & n. 更新；提供最新信息；使现代化
56．youth n. 年轻人，青年；青年时期；青春，朝气,young,年轻的，younger,年轻人
57．aspect n. 方面；层面，a,一，spect，看，看一眼，只能看到一个方面。 58．cd n. 光盘。激光唱片 59．recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱
60．yummy adj . 味道好的，好吃的
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61．bargain n. 便宜货；协议 vt. 讨价还价，谐音：白给，便宜货差不多等于白给。
62．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金，额外津贴
63．fancy adj . 精致的；绚丽的；奢华的n. 空想，幻想；爱好，迷恋 vt. 想象；猜想，谐音：幻想。 ．figure out 弄清楚，弄懂；计算出 65．media n. 大众传播媒介，大众传播工具，谐音：媒体
66．poster n. 海报，谐音：跑死他，贴海报的人到处跑。
67．target n. 目标；靶子 vt. 瞄准；以……为目标
68．determine vt. 确定，查明；决定；裁决
69．analysis n. 分析，分析结果，谐音：爱哪来自，爱一个人要先分析，是否值得
70．appeal vi . 有吸引力；呼吁，恳请 n. 吸引力；呼吁，恳求
71．appeal to 吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁 72．react vi. 做出反应，回应，re-,反，act,行动
73．personally adv. 个别地；就本人而言；本人,亲自.person,个人
74．get something across 把……表达清楚
75．anti-smoking n. 反对吸烟 76．packet n. 小包，小盒，pack，包，backpack，背包，-et,小的东西。pocket，口袋
77．poisonous adj. 有毒的，poi,联想为“破”，son儿子，一个破儿子就是家里的毒药。
78．lung n. 肺，long,长的，肺是长长的一条
79．cancer n. 癌症，螃蟹，癌症就像螃蟹一样张牙舞爪。 80．smoker n.吸烟者
81．fingernail n. 手指甲，finger，手指，nail,指甲
长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
82．urge vt. 敦促，力劝；竭力主张n. 为某门课程写的）文章，短文 强烈的欲望，冲动 85．shock vt. 使震惊，使惊愕 n. 83．tobacco n. 烟草，烟叶 震惊，惊愕 84．essay n. 论说文，小品文；（学生86．die from 死于…… 二、 Reading 课文详解
Advertisements 广告 P2
Nowadays, we can find advertisements almost wherever we go. We are so used to them that we often do not even realize how many we see and hear in a day. I did some research on （1. ）advertisements, and have some very important information to share with you.
如今，无论我们走到哪里，几乎都可以看见广告。我们已经对广告习以为常，甚至常常都意识不到在一天中看见或听见多少广告。我对广告进行了一些研究，有一些非常重要的信息要与你分享。
What is an advertisement? 什么是广告？
An advertisement uses words and pictures to persuade people to（2. ） buy a product or service, or to believe in an idea. Newspapers, magazines, the Internet, radio and television are the most common places to find them. There are two main types of advertisements—commercial advertisements（3. ）and public service advertisements (PSAs)
（4. ）. A commercial advertisement is one which someone has paid for to advertise a product or service.（5. ）PSAs are often run for free and are meant to educate people about health, safety, or any other problem that affects public welfare（6. ）广告使用文字、图片来说服人们购买一种产品或服务，或者接受某种观念。报纸、杂志、互联网、广播和电视是最常见到广告的地方。广告有两种主要的形式——商业广告和公益广告（简称PSAs）。商业广告是为了推销某种产品或服务而花钱做的广告。公益广告往往是免费投放的，旨在就有关健康、安全、以及影响公共利益的问题。
Does an advertisement tell people the complete truth? 广告告诉人们全部实情了吗？
There are laws to protect people from（7. ） advertisements that cheat people. However, we still must be aware of（8. ） the skilful methods used in ads to try and sell us things. Even if（ 9. ） an ad does not lie, it does not mean it is altogether
innocent. One toothpaste ad declares, Bright-Teeth fights bad breath!‘ This statement tries to fool you into（10. ） assuming that the toothpaste cures bad breath, yet it does not say that! All it says is that it fights it and that is not the same thing at all. One grocery tells customers, You are proud of your cooking, so shouldn‘t you buy the very freshest food?‘ This ad is very clever, because it tells customers they are good cooks. However, it never says that this grocery has the freshest food! The grocery just hopes that when you read the ad, you will feel pleased with the nice comment, remember the words ‗freshest food‘, and make a mental connection with
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the food in the grocery. We must not fall for this kind of trick!（11. ）
尽管有法律保护人们免受虚假广告的侵害，但是我们仍然必须了解广告中试图向我们兜售东西的常用技巧。即使一则广告没有撒谎，也并不意味着它就是完全“清白”的。一则牙膏广告宣称：“亮齿牌牙膏挑战口臭！”这一表述试图糊弄你，让你误以为这种牙膏可以治愈口臭，但事实上广告中并没有这样说！广告所说的就是牙膏“挑战”口臭，这和“治愈”根本不是一回事。一家食品杂货店告诉顾客：“您为自己的厨艺骄傲，难道您不应该购买最新鲜的食品吗？”这则广告非常聪明，聪明就聪明在它恭维顾客是好厨师。但是，它决不声称本店供应的是最新鲜的食品。这家食品杂货店只是希望当你读到这则广告时，你会很乐于看到其中的恭维，记住“最新鲜的食品”这几个词，在心理上将其与该店里的食品联系起来。我们切莫掉进这类陷阱中！
Public service advertisements公益广告
Not all ads play tricks on（12. ） us though. PSAs use some of the same methods, like attractive pictures and clever language, but they are made to serve the public. PSAs aim to teach us and help us lead better lives. Our government understands this and has been using PSAs to educate people for many years. China began a nationwide public service advertising campaign in 1996, and since then various types of PSAs have appeared around the country. You have probably seen or heard some of them yourself, such as, Yes to life, no to drugs‘ and Knowledge changes life‘. These ads deal with widespread social concerns. There are also PSAs that educate people to support public service projects, such as Project Hope. Its motto is Project Hope-educating every child‘. There are even PSAs to teach us how to live healthy live（13. ） One of these is, when you smoke
cigarettes, you are slowly killing yourself.‘ All of these ads are meant to benefit the public（14. ）, and you can often learn a lot by following the advice they give.但并非所有的广告都跟我们玩花招。公益广告使用一些同样的方法，例如用吸引人的图片和巧妙的文字，但是它们的目的是服务公众。公益广告旨在教育我们，并帮助我们过上更好的生活。我们的了解这一点，多年来一直用公益广告教育人们。中国于1996年开始一场全国性的公益广告宣传活动，从那时起，多种形式的公益广告在中国出现。你自己可能就看到过或听说过其中的一些，例如“珍爱生命，远离毒品”以及“知识改变命运”。这些广告关注普遍存在的社会问题。还有一些公益广告鼓励人们支持公益事业项目，例如希望工程。希望工程的宣言就是：“希望工程——让每一个孩子都可以上学。”甚至还有一些公益广告指导人们如何健康地生活。其中之一是：“吸烟等于慢性自杀。”所有这些广告都旨在使大众受益。遵循这些广告给出的建议，你往往可以学到很多东西。
Finally, I wish to tell you this: think about why you should do the things the ad suggests, or buy the product or service the ad promotes. When it comes to
advertisements, we must all use our intelligence and not be a slave to them!最后，我想告诉大家：想想你为什么要做广告建议你做的事情，或者为什么要买广告推销的产品或服务。谈及广告，我们都必须运用自己的智慧，而不要做广告的奴隶。
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三、根据课文内容填空
Ads are playing 1._________ important role in our lives. I did some research on advertisements and have some very important information 2._________ (share) with you.
Commercial ads persuade people to buy products or service, 3._________ to believe in an idea. Sometimes, this kind of advertisement doesn’t tell people the complete truth. There are laws to protect people from advertisements 4._________ (cheat) customers. However, we still must be aware of the 5._________ (skill) methods used in ads.
Not all ads play tricks on us 6._________. PSAs aim to teach us and help us lead 7._________ (good) lives than before. PSAs are often run for free. They deal with widespread social concerns. All of these ads 8._________ (mean) to benefit the public, and you can often learn a lot by 9._________ (follow) the advice they give.
With so many ads around, we should be smart and not be a slave 10._________ them.
四、Project 课文详解 P18
How do you build an ad campaign? 如何策划广告宣传活动？
Unlike a single advertisement, an ad campaign is a planned programme of advertisements using various kinds of（1. ）ads to reach a certain audience. When you start a successful ad campaign, you must have a clear aim and an audience in mind. It is important to figure out（2. ）exactly what you want to tell the audience and what you are trying to get them to do. In an ad campaign you may need to employ different kinds of media, including posters, newspapers, magazines, radio and television.不同于一则单独的广告，广告宣传活动是预先策划的系列广告，利用各种广告形式去影响特定的受众。当你要开始一项成功的广告宣传活动时，你的头脑中必须有明确的目标和受众。重要的是，你得确切弄清楚想要告诉受众什么、想让他们做什么。在一场广告宣传活动中，你可能需要运用多种不同的媒体，包括海报、报纸、杂志、广播和电视。
There are three major questions you must first consider: 你首先必须考虑三个主要问题：
1. Who is the audience for your ad campaign? 1 谁是你广告宣传活动的受众？
The people you want to reach are your target audience（3. ）. In order to determine your audience, you will need to do a little research and analysis in advance. You will need to explore what the audience already thinks. It is very important to know your audience so you can create the right message for the right people.你想影响的人群是你的目标受众。为了确定目标受众，你需要事先做一点研究和分析。你需要去探明受众已有的想法。了解受众非常重要，这样你才可以针对合适的对象给出恰当的信息。
2． What do you want your ad campaign to say? 你希望你的广告宣传活动说什么？
After you have decided who your audience is, it is time to decide what you want the audience to know or think about. It is important to always try to appeal to （4. ）the audience in order to get them to react in a certain way. You can
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gather this information from your research. When planning a public welfare
campaign, you may want to ask yourself:在确定受众之后，你就该决定你想让他们知道什么或者思考什么了。为了让受众作出预期的反应，始终努力去吸引他们是非常重要的。你可以从你的调研中收集此类信息。在策划一场公共福利宣传活动时，你可能需要问自己以下问题：
• What does my audience already know about this problem?
• What aspects of this problem would they care about or be concerned with? • Is there some history behind the problem that they would be interested in? • How does the problem personally affect their lives? • 我的受众对这个问题已经了解了多少？ • 他们会关心或者担忧这个问题的哪些方面？ • 他们感兴趣的这个问题有没有某种历史背景？ • 这个问题如何影响到他们的个人生活？
3． How do you reach your audience? 你该如何吸引你的受众？
There are lots of different ways to get your message across when you are putting together anad campaign. You must decide what approach you want to use. This
decision should depend mainly on your target audience and which kinds of ads reach that group best.当你组织一场广告宣传活动时，有许多不同的方式可用来传达讯息。你必须决定你想用哪一种方法。这个决定应该主要取决于你的目标受众和哪一种广告最能吸引这群人。
Anti-smoking ad campaign反吸烟广告宣传活动
Every year millions of people around the world die due to smoking. （5. ）Every packet of cigarettes contains poisonous chemicals that can result in lung cancer and heart disease.（6. ）This costs countries a lot of money and causes great damage to（7. ） the welfare of the people. There are huge numbers of smokers in Asia. This is why we have chosen anti-smoking as the subject of our ad campaign.每年全球有成千上万人死于吸烟。每一包香烟都含有可以导致肺癌和心脏疾病的有毒化学物质。这让许多国家花费了大量的钱，给人民的福祉造成了极大的损害。在亚洲有大量的吸烟者。这就是为什么我们选择反吸烟作为我们广告宣传活动的主题。
The target audience is high-school teenagers. Our main aim is to discourage young people from smoking. （8. ）Our research shows that young people care about their health and future. We will educate them about the bad physical effects of smoking and how smoking affects those people around them. We will explain all the advantages of not smoking, such as saving money which can then be spent on other things. Our interviews also indicate that young people are concerned about （9. ）what is cool and what their friends like. We will show how smoking is not cool or attractive, because it makes people smell terrible, and gives them bad teeth, skin and fingernails. If we can convince young people not to start, they might then urge their parents and other people to give up smoking（10. ）, too。我们的目标受众是高中的青少年。我们的主要目的是劝阻年轻人，要他们不要吸烟。我们的研究表明年轻人关注他们的健康和未
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来。我们将告诉他们吸烟对身体造成的不良后果，以及吸烟如何影响他们身边的人。我们将说明不吸烟的各种好处，例如省下钱来花在其他地方。我们的采访还表明年轻人在乎什么是酷以及他们的朋友喜欢什么。我们会告诉他们吸烟为什么不酷，为什么没有吸引力，因为吸烟会让人们身上有难闻的气味，让他们的牙齿腐蚀、皮肤变差、指甲变黄。如果我们可以说服年轻人不要开始吸烟，他们也有可能会督促他们的父母和其他人戒烟。
Our campaign will start on 31 May, World No Tobacco Day. We will put large posters around the school with our logo and slogan. Our website will provide students with（11. ） more information about smoking. We will also publish an article in the school magazine informing students about the dangers of smoking（12. ）, and we will organize an essay competition as well. 我们的广告宣传活动将于5月31日世界无烟日开始。我们将在学校周边张贴大幅海报，海报上有我们的标志和口号。我们的网站将为学生提供更多有关吸烟的信息。我们还会在学校杂志上发表一篇文章告诉学生们吸烟的害处，并组织一次作文竞赛。
Our slogan: Smoking kills! 我们的口号：吸烟导致死亡！
Many people think that smoking is cool or enjoyable, but they are not fully aware of（13. ）the damage that it does to their health. This is why （14. ）we chose this picture as our logo. We want toshock people into realizing that many smokers die all too soon from illnesses and diseases related to smoking。许多人认为吸烟很酷或者很享受，但是他们没有充分认识到吸烟对健康造成的伤害。这就是为什么我们选择这幅图作为我们的标志。我们希望警醒人们，让他们认识到许多吸烟者过早地死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
五、根据课文内容改错：
1. In a ad campaign you may need to employ different kinds of media.
2. When you start a successfully ad campaign, you must take the following into consideration.
3. It is important to know your audience so you can create the right message for the right people.
4. You should decide that you want the audience to know . 5. You must decide which kind of ads reach that group worst.
M4 U2 Sports events
一、单词详解
1．committee n 委员会,com-,一义,significant, adj. 意义重大的 起， mittee，想像成一个一个的人，很4．Olympia n. 奥林匹亚（希腊多人坐在一起开会，委员会。 古城）,Olympics, 奥运会
2．delighted adj. 愉快的，高兴5．Greece n. 希腊 的,de-,下面，light,光，-ed,感到...的,感6．wrestling n. 摔跤运动,rest,休到有光照耀着自己，高兴的 息，摔倒了就只能休息
3．significance n. 重要性，意7．tradition n. 传统；风俗,谐音：
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吹得神，把传统的风俗吹得很神
8．compete vi. 比赛；竞争,com-,一起，pet宠物，把宠物放在一起比赛。
9．honour n. 尊敬；荣幸；节操，荣誉 vt. 尊敬，尊重（某人）,our,我们的，荣誉是我们的
10．in honour of 为向……表示敬意
11．male n. & adj. 男性（的）,female,女性的
12．nation n. 国家，民族；全体国民,national adj. 国家的，nationally adv.全国范围内的
13．contemporary adj. 现代的，当代的；同一时代的
14．well-known adj. 著名的 15．boxer n. 拳击手，拳击运动员, box,盒子，拳击手被关在围栏（盒子）里比赛。
16．medal n. 奖牌，奖章，勋章，谐音：妹佗，女运动员佩戴着奖牌。
17．heavyweight n. 重量级拳击手；有影响力的人或事物
18．boxing n. 拳击运动
19．championship n. 竞标赛；冠军低位，谐音：香槟（champagne），得了冠军，开香槟庆祝
20．flame n. 火焰，fire，火 21．opening n. 开幕式；小孔，open，打开。
22．absence n. 缺席，不在场；不存在，absent，缺席的。
23．excite vt. 使激动，excited，感到激动的，exciting，令人激动的
24．hurdle n. 跨栏；难关，障碍，谐音：很多，跨栏就是摆着很多障碍
25．lead the way 领先 26．gymnastics n. 体操，体操训练，谐音：筋耐撕踢可撕，体操就是拉伸韧带。
27．champion n. 冠军，优胜者 28．hang on （在逆境中）坚持 29．final adj. 最终的，最后的
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n. 决赛，finish，v.完成，
30．joy n. 喜悦，欢乐，joyful=happy
31．attempt n. & vt. 尝试，努力，试图=try
32．boundary n. 边界，界限,bound,
33．movement n. 社会运动；移动，活动；进展,move, n.
34．nest n. 鸟巢；巢穴，窝,谐音：累死了，鸟建巢，真累呀
35．torch n. 火炬；手电筒
36．stadium n. 体育场，运动场 37．pass something on (to somebody) 转交，传给，递给
38．roof n. 屋顶，顶部 39．transport n. 交通运输系统；交通工具；运输 vt. 运输，运动，trans-，转移，穿越，port，港口，在港口间穿越，运输，transplant，移植，translate，翻译
40．citizen n. 公民；居民，city，城市
41．vest n. 背心，汗衫；坎肩，背心就是V形的
42．underwear n. 内衣
43．kettle n. （烧水用的）壶，水壶
44．otherwise adv. 否则，不然 45．per prep. 每，每一
46．association n. 协会，社团；关联；联想as-,强调，social，社会的
47．grain n. 谷物；颗粒，rain，雨，g= grow,下雨谷物才能生长。
48．routine n. & adj. 常规（的） 49．toast n. 烤面包片；干杯，敬酒vt. 烤（面包）；为……干杯
50．Coke n. 可乐
51．lemonade n. 柠檬味汽水；柠檬饮料
52．ping-pong n. 乒乓球运动 53．net n. 网
54．origin n. 起源，起因；出身，
长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
谐音：哦，瑞金，江西瑞金，第一个红67．rugby n. 橄榄球运动 色政权建立地，的发源地 68．golf n. 高尔夫球运动
55．outdoors adv. 往户外的，在69．eagle n. 雕 户外 70．teammate n. 队友
56．frequent adj. 频繁的，经常71．kangaroo n. 袋鼠 发生的 72．goal n. 球门；射门，进球得
57．technique n. 技术，工艺，技分；目标 巧，technology，技术 73．shot n. 射门，击球；射击；
58．bowling n. 保龄球运动 药物注射 59．continent n. 洲， 74．referee n. 裁判；推荐人 60．budget n. 预算 vi. & vt. 编75．whistle n. 哨子，口哨；呼啸，制预算，谐音：巴结他，巴结造预算的鸣叫 vi. 吹口哨，吹哨子；呼啸，鸣叫 人才能得到更多经费 76．reporter n. 记者，report，报
61．remove vt. 去除，移开；开道，-er,人 除；免除，解除（职务） 77．unfair adj. 不公正的，不公
62．unusual adj. 特别的，不寻平的 常的；与众不同的，usual，寻常的 78．bitter adj. 愤愤不平的；令
63．power n. 力量；能量；影响人不快的；味苦的；严寒的 力；权力；统治 vt. 驱动，提供动力 79．meanwhile adv. 与此同时；
．power boating n. （运动项在此期间 目）汽艇，摩托艇 80．tie vt. 打成平局；（用绳、线）
65．make way for 给……让路，系，绑，捆 让位与…… 81．precious adj 宝贵的，珍贵
66．taekwon do n. 跆拳道 的，previous，以前的
二、Reading课文详解
Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 P22
Good afternoon, students and teachers. As a member of（1. ）the International Olympic Committee, I am delighted to（2. ） have been invited to（3. ）your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games. I‘ll share some interesting facts and stories with you, and then we‘ll have time for
questions.老师们，同学们，下午好。作为国际奥委会的一名成员，我非常高兴应邀前来贵校，跟大家谈谈奥运会的历史和重要性。我会和你们分享一些有趣的事实和故事，然后会留有提问的时间。
Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games（4. ） began? It was in the year 776 BC. They were held at Olympia in Greece every four years, for almost 12 centuries, until AD 394.你们知道古代奥林匹克运动会是何时开始的吗？那是在公元前776年。古代奥林匹克运动会每四年在古希腊奥林匹亚举行一次，这大概持续了12个世纪，直到公元394年。
Some of the sports from the ancient Olympics are still seen today, such as the long jump, wrestling and running. At the ancient Olympics, by tradition the athletes were all men and they had to compete wearing no clothes. Single women wereallowed
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
to take part in （5. ）their own competition, at a separate festival in honour of（6. ） Hera, the wife of the Greek god Zeus. Today, both male and female athletes from around the world can take part, no matter what nation they come from.( 7. )古代奥林匹克的一些运动项目今天仍然可以见到，例如跳远、摔跤和跑步。在古代奥运会上，按照传统，运动员都是男性，他们必须裸体竞技。单身女性可以参加她们自己的竞技比赛，比赛在一个专门纪念赫拉（希腊神话中众神之神宙斯的妻子）的节日举行。今天，不论国籍，来自世界各地的男女运动员都可以参加比赛。
The contemporary Olympics were first held in 1（8. ）, in Athens. It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. (9. )He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace（10. ）. Now people all over the world are helping to realize this dream. （11. ）Among them are many well-known athletes.现代奥运会于16年在雅典第一次举行。让奥运会得以重生的是法国人皮埃尔德顾拜旦。他梦想着奥运会可以让各国人民和平相处。现在，全世界人们都在致力于实现这一梦想。他们中有许多是著名的运动员。
Did you know that perhaps the most famous boxer of all time first came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics? He won the gold medal for the USA, under his birth name Cassius Clay. Afterwards, this young man went on to win the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship in 19 and later changed his name to the one we all know, Muhammad Ali. He returned to the Olympic Games in Atlanta in 1996 to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.有史以来第一次引起公众瞩目的最著名的拳击手可能是在1960年罗马奥运会上，这一情况你们是否知道？他为美国赢得了金牌，当时他还用原名卡修斯克莱。此后，这个年轻人又赢得了19年世界重量级拳击锦标赛冠军，后来他改了名，即众所周知的穆罕穆德·阿里。他重返1996年的亚特兰大奥运会，在开幕式上点燃了奥运圣火。
Another sports star I would like to mention is Michael Jordan（12. ）.
Everyone knows of his success in the NBA, but do you know that he helped the USA basketball team win the gold medal（13. ）at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics? Jordan also returned to the Olympics after many years, but unlike Muhammad Ali, he was still competing for medals（14. ）. At the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, Jordan won his second Olympic gold medal as a member of the so-called Dream Team‘.另一位我想提到的体育明星是迈克尔乔丹。每个人都知道他在NBA的成功，但你们知道他帮助美国篮球队赢得了1984年洛杉矶奥运会的金牌吗？许多年后乔丹也重返奥运会，但与阿里不同，他依然在为奖牌而角逐赛场。在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上，乔丹作为“梦之队”成员之一赢得了他的第二枚奥运金牌。
Chinese athletes have also made important contributions to（ 15. ） the Olympic Games. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics,
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
the People‘s Republic of China returned to the Olympics after 32 years‘ absence. I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when XuHaifeng won the first gold medal for his country. Deng Yaping, who won four Olympic gold medals in 1992 and 1996, is perhaps the greatest female table tennis player the world has ever seen. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men‘s 110-metre hurdle（16. ）.中国运动员也为奥运会做出了重要贡献。在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上，中华人民共和国在缺席奥运三十二年之后重返奥运赛场。我相信当许海峰为祖国赢得第一枚金牌时，整个中国都为之感到自豪。邓亚萍也许是世界上最伟大的女乒乓球运动员，她在1992年和1996年奥运会上共赢得四枚奥运金牌。在2004年雅典奥运会上，当刘翔成为赢得男子110米栏金牌的第一位亚洲人时，所有的亚洲人为之激动。
The Chinese led the way at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, winning 51 gold medals. For the first time in history, the Chinese women‘s gymnastics team won the gold medal. However, the athlete that some people remember most was Zhang Ning, a former badminton champion. At the age of 33, she was much older than the other players. Yet, she hung on to win the gold medal in the final match.中国在2008年北京奥运会上独领风骚，赢得51枚金牌。中国女子体操队历史上第一次赢得金牌。但是对一些人来说，印象最深的是前羽毛球世界冠军张宁。她已经33岁，比其他运动员年纪要大很多，但她依然努力，在决赛中获得了金牌。
These are some of the Olympic athletes who have brought joy to people across the world with their attempts to（17. ） push the boundaries of human achievement. We are looking forward to seeing more of them in future Olympic Games. Join me in wishing the Olympic Movement a successful future to match its past glory. 运动员们不断尝试着挑战人类极限，为全世界人们带来欢乐，上述这些只是其中的一些例子。我们期待在未来看见更多这样的例子。让我们一起祝愿奥林匹克运动有一个成功的未来，彰显往日的荣光。
Thank you. Now, are there any questions? 三、 根据课文内容填空
Good afternoon, students and teachers. As a member of the IOC, I am delighted to 1._________ (invite) to your school to talk to you about the history and 2._________ (significant) of the Olympic Games. The ancient games began in 776 BC. 3._________ today’s Olympic Games, the ancient games were always held at Olympia in Greece. The athletes aere all men 4._________ they had to compete 5._________(wear) no clothes. The contemporary Olympic Games were first held in 16, in Athens. Its was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, 6._________ brought the Olympics back to life. He dreamed that the Olympics 7._________ (make) it possible for countries and people all over the world are helping to realize this dream. Chinese athletes have also made important 8._________ (contribution) to the Olympic Games. Join me in wishing the Olympic movement 9._________ successful future 10._________ (match) its past glory.
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
四、 Project课文详解 P38
How does a sport enter the Olympics? 一项体育运动如何成为奥运项目？ Entering a sport into the Olympics can be a long process. There are many
requirements that must be met before a sport can be considered by（1. ）the International Olympic Committee (IOC). First, a sport must have its own international association. Next, it must be practised by men in at least（2. ）75 countries on at least four continents, or practised by women in at least 40 countries and on three continents. That‘s not all. In order for a new sport to be added, another sport must be dropped. This helps the IOC keep the Olympics‘ budget under control（3. ）.一项体育运动要成为奥运项目可能是一个漫长的过程。一项运动必须达到许多要求，国际奥委会才会予以考虑。首先，该运动必须有自己的国际组织。其次，必须有至少75个国家、4个大洲的男子从事这项运动，或至少40个国家、3个大洲的女子从事这项运动。这还并非全部要求。要增补一个新的运动项目，就必须淘汰另一个当前的运动项目。这有助于奥委会控制奥运会的预算。
Which ones are out? Some sports that were part of the Olympics in the past havebeen removed. These include familiar sports, such as baseball, as well as（4. ）more unusual sports, such as power boating. These sports were judged to have become less popular, and had to make way for new sports which are more popular.哪些运动项目被淘汰了？有些运动曾经是奥运会的项目但又被取消了。这包括一些大家熟悉的运动，如棒球。还有一些比较特殊的项目，如汽艇。人们认为这些运动不再那么流行了，必须为一些更受欢迎的、新的运动项目让路。
Which ones are in? Some sports have been added, such as tae kwon do, which was first included in the Olympics in 2000. The IOC is planning to change some of the sports in the next few years. In 2016, rugby and golf, which were earlier played at the Olympics and then dropped, will be included again, as they are now very popularand are played all around the world.
哪些运动项目入选了？有些运动只是最近才得以增补进入奥运会，比如跆拳道在2000年奥运会才首次被列为奥运项目。国际奥委会计划在未来几年内调整一些运动项目。橄榄球和高尔夫曾经是奥运项目，后来被取消，但是2016年这两项运动将重返奥运，因为它们现在非常受欢迎，在世界各地都有人从事这些运动。
Which ones are still trying? 哪些运动项目仍在争取？
Wushu is still applying to get into the Olympics（ 5. ）. The IOC has still not approved the sport due to（ 6. ） the concern about the balance of sports—there are already many other sports in the Olympics that are connected with fighting, such as tae kwon do and boxing. However, the IOC is considering changing the number and type of Olympic sports in the future, so wushu fans may finally get what they are hoping for.武术仍然在申请加入奥运会。国际奥委会还没有同意，因为他们要注意不同种类运动之间的平衡——在奥运会上已
长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
经有很多项目与搏击相关．如跆拳道和拳击。但是，国际奥委会正在考虑调整未来奥运会体育项目的数目和种类，所以武术迷们将可能梦想成真。
Winning isn‘t everything赢并不是全部
It was near the end of the football match, and neither team had scored. The captain of the Eagles passed the ball to a teammate, and then ran down near the
Kangaroos‘ goal. His teammate passed the ball back to him, but the shot was too high. The Eagles‘ captain knocked the ball to the ground with his hand, and then kicked it and scored. The referee blew the whistle; the match wasover and the Eagles had won. Of course, the goal should not have counted. However, now it was too late.足球比赛已经接近尾声，但是两支球队都还没有进球。鹰队的队长把球传给一名队员，然后跑近袋鼠队的球门前。他的队友把球回传给他，但踢得太高了。鹰队队长用手把球拨回地面，然后踢球，球进了。裁判吹响了口哨，比赛结束，鹰队获胜。当然，那个进球本该不算数的，但现在一切都太晚了。
Later, a reporter asked the Eagles‘ captain what had happened. 后来，一名记者就所发生的事采访了鹰队队长。“
‘We won, and that is all that matters,‘ the captain said. 我们赢了，这是最重要的。”队长说。
The Kangaroos were out of the tournament, while the Eagles continued on.
However, with the referees now keeping a close watch on the Eagles, they struggled and lost their next match. Afterwards, they complained that the referees had been unfair.袋鼠队被淘汰出局，而鹰队晋级。但是，裁判现在紧盯鹰队，鹰队全力比拼却输了接下来的一场比赛。后来，他们抱怨裁判不公平。
The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament. Meanwhile, the Kangaroos went home and trained harder than before.鹰队在联赛上铩羽而归，因未能赢得联赛而愤愤不平。与此同时，袋鼠队也回家了，他们比以前训练得更加刻苦。
In the next tournament, the Kangaroos defeated the Eagles by a score of 5 to 1.（7. ）They went on to the final match against the Bears. The match was tied with minutes to go. The Kangaroos‘ captain was near the Bears‘ goal. A teammate passed the ball to him, and by accident it hit his hand. The Kangaroos’ captain stopped the match and let the Bears have the ball. Within minutes, the Bears scored and won.在接下来的联赛中，袋鼠队以5比1的比分击败了鹰队。他们一路杀进决赛，对手是熊队。离比赛结束还有几分钟的时间，还是平局。袋鼠队队长靠近熊队大门。一名队员把球传给他，球意外地撞到了他的手。袋鼠队队长示意暂停比赛，让熊队开球。数分钟之内，熊队进球，赢得比赛。
Later, a reporter asked the Kangaroos‘ captain what had happened. 后来，一位记者就所发生的事采访了袋鼠队队长。
“They won,” the captain said. “They were the better team.” “他们赢了，”队长说，“他们是一支更优秀的队伍。”
The Kangaroos went home proud that they had done their best.（ 8. ） Many of the Kangaroos‘ players became friends with the players on the Bears‘ team for the rest of their lives. In defeat, the Kangaroos found something more precious than victory—they found friendship, honour and respect.袋鼠队骄傲地回到家乡，
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因为他们已经竭尽全力。许多袋鼠队的球员和熊队的球员成了终生好友。袋鼠队虽然失败了，但找到了比胜利更宝贵的东西——他们找到了友谊、荣誉和尊重。
五、 根据课文内容改错
1. Enter a sport into the Olympics can be a long process.
2. There are many requirement must be met before a sport can be considered by the International Olympic Committee(IOC).
3. Some sports in the past Olympics have been removed because they became more popular
4. The IOC had still not approved the sport for it wants to maintain the balance of sport 5. There are already much other sports concerning with fighting .
M4 U3 Tomorrow’world
1. virtual adj. (通过计算机软件)虚力的，able，enable，
拟的，模拟的；很接近的，实际上21. convenience n. 方便，便利；便利的 的设施或用具，convenient， 2. reality n. 现实，事实，real， 22. secure adj. 安全的；有把握的；稳3. presentation n. 展示，介绍；颁发；固的，坚固的 vt. 获得；使安全，
提交，出示，present， safe， 4. amaze vt. 使惊奇，使惊 23. firefighter n. 消防队员，fire，5. passive adj. 被动的 fighter， 6. user n. 使用者 24. injure vt. 伤害，损害， 7. sightseeing n. 观光，游览，sight，25. biology n. 生物学
see， 26. whale n. 鲸 8. happiness n. 幸福，快乐，happy， 27. squirrel n. 松鼠 9. headset n. 头戴式耳机 28. urban adj. 城市的，城镇的 10. 3-d n. 三维，立体 29. planning n. 规划；制定计划 11. add to 使增强，使增加，使扩大 30. neighbourhood n. 街区；邻近的12. network n. （互联）网络 地方 13. studio （广播、电视）演播室，制31. as to 至于，关于
作室；工作室 32. operator n. 操作人员，operate， 14. social adj. 社交的，交际的；社会33. fee n. 费用
的 34. disadvantage n. 缺点；不利因素，15. Brazilian adj. 巴西的 n. 巴西障碍，advantage，
人，Brazil， 35. electric adj. 电的，电动的， 16. winning adj. 制胜的，获胜的 electricity,electonic,
17. confident adj. 自信的；肯定的，36. built-in adj. 内置的，陷入式的
有把握的， 37. power-free adj. 不用电的 18. put forward 提出，提议 38. clay n. 黏土，陶土 19. disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的，39. powder-free adj. 无需洗衣粉的
disappointing， 40. liquid adj. & n. 液体（的） 20. disabled adj. 有残疾的；丧失能41. powder n. 粉末；火药,
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
42. last but not least 最后但同样重要借,fire,
的 60. shore n. （海洋、湖泊等大水域的）43. programming n. （计算机）编程 岸，滨, 44. accuse vt. 控诉，控告；谴61. mushroom n. 蘑菇；伞菌
责,ac-,cuse 62. gas n. 气体；天然气，煤气 45. piracy n. 盗版；海上抢劫 63. dinosaur n. 恐龙 46. fade vi. 逐渐消失；（使）变淡；. exit n. 出口；离去，退场 vi. & vt.
走下坡路，衰落 出去，离去，退场,ex-, 47. editor n. 编辑,edit, 65. ceiling n. 天花板；顶棚 48. constant adj 连续发生的 66. float vi.（水中）漂浮，漂流；（空49. modern n. 调制解调器(不是r n) 中）飘移,flu, 50. monitor n.（计算机）显示器；监67. escape vi.& vt. 逃跑，逃离，逃脱；
测器；班长 vt. & vi. 监视 避免，避开；被遗忘，被忽视,es-,cap, 51. function vi. 起作用，正常运转 n. 68. terror n. 惊恐，恐惧,terrible,
作用，功能；职能 69. upwards adv. 向上，向高处 52. pc abbr. 个人电脑(personal 70. sunlight n. 阳光，目光,sun,light,
computer) 71. zip vi. & vt. （使沿某方向）快速53. printer n. 打印机；印刷厂，印刷移动，拉上拉链 n. 拉链
工人,print, 72. worn adj. 破旧的；疲惫的,wear, 54. button n. （机器的）按钮；纽扣 73. mankind n. 人类,man,kind,
vt. & vi. 扣上纽扣 74. evolve vt. 进化；逐渐形成, 55. chief adj 最重要的，首要的主要75. beast n. （尤指大型或凶猛、独特
的 n. （公司或机构的）首领 的）动物，野兽 56. importance n. 重要性,important, 76. impression n. 印象，感57. pack vt. 收拾（行李），装箱；包想,im-,press,-ion
装 n. 纸袋，纸盒；大背包；一77. master n. 主宰；主人；大师 vt. 群，一瓶，一包 精通，掌握；控制,-er 58. nephew n. 侄子，外甥 78. frost n. 霜；霜冻 59. hire vt. 聘用，雇用；租用，租
二、Reading 课文详解
Not just watching a film … P42
Real Cinne—virtual reality for everyone不仅仅是看电影人人都能享受的虚拟现实电影
This presentation will give you some information about RealCine: how it works, why it is better than a film, and how it can be used in other ways. The RealCine
experience will amaze you, and you will agree that this is an extraordinary technology that deserves to be developed further.（2. ）这次演讲将告诉大家有关RealCine的一些信息：它是如何应用的，为什么它比电影更好，它还有什么其他的用途。感受RealCine将让你惊叹，你一定会认为这是一项卓越的技术，值得进一步发展。
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
The technology behind RealCine is virtual reality (VR). Unlike a film, where a passive audience watches and hears what is happening on a screen,RealCine puts you into the action andconnects with your senses of sight, hearing, smell and touch in an active way. Imagine that a VR user goes‘ sightseeing in the Himalayas. Not only will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma, but the user will also experience the cold, smells, sights and sounds of the surrounding environment; he or she will enjoy a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement upon reaching the top.技术实质上是虚拟现实(VR)。电影仅仅让观众被动地看和听屏幕上发生的事，而RealCine与电影不同，它让你参与到剧情活动中，以一种主动的方式与你的视觉、听觉、嗅觉和触觉联系起来。想象一下，一名VR使用者在“游览”喜马拉雅山。他／她不仅能感受到攀登珠穆朗玛峰的每一步的艰辛，还能体验到周围环境的寒冷、气味、景观和声音；到达顶峰时，他／她将会享受到一种愉悦感和成就感。
RealCine works by making the users feel that they are really in a new world—a world that does not exist except in a computer program. To achieve this, special VR headsets are designed to allow the users to see in 3-D and hear the sound all around them. The movements of the headset indicate the direction in which the user wants to go. The user also wears special gloves so he or she can touch‘ the people and objects that he or she sees. To add to（5. ） the virtual world of RealCine, the headsets even have small openings that give out smells to match the environment. Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to（6. ）a computer network in the VR studio.RealCine的工作原理是让用户感到他们实际上是在一个新世界——一个只存在于电脑程序中的世界。为了达到这一目标，工程师们设计了特殊的VR头戴式耳机，它可以使观众看到环绕在他们周围的三维图像，听到周围的声音。耳机的移动表明观众想去的方向。观众还会带上特制的手套，这样他／她就可以触摸到他／她看见的人和物体了。给RealCine虚拟世界锦上添花的是，耳机上甚至还有一些小孔，可以释放出与环境相匹配的气味。耳机和手套都与虚拟现实工作室里的电脑网络相联。
In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can be a good treatment for people who have social problems. In one case, a teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR. In the world created by RealCine, he became the captain of the Brazilian football team and scored the
winning goal in a World Cup final. This encouraged him to become more confident around others.（7. ）科学研究已经证明VR技术可以用于治疗有社交障碍的人。在一个案例中，科学家利用VR技术治疗一位害怕与他的同学交谈和玩耍的少年。在RealCine创造的虚拟世界中，他成为巴西足球队队长，并在世界杯决赛中踢进了致胜的一球。这鼓励了他在与人交往时变得更加自信。
An argument has been put forward that some users will be disappointed by（8. ）RealCine because VR is not real. However, with VR we are able to do things that could never be achieved in real life. For example, with the aid of RealCine, a seventy-year-old grandfatherrecently took a trip to Africa. In 68
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reality, he is disabled and can no longer walk, but he was able to see and touch a lion while still in the convenience of the VR studio.有人提出不同意见，认为一些用户可能会对RealCine失望，因为虚拟现实毕竟不是真的。但是，有了VR技术，我们可以做许多在现实生活中完全不可能实现的事情。例如，在RealCine的帮助下，一位70岁的老爷爷最近到非洲去旅行了一趟。在现实中，他因为残疾而不能行走，但是借助VR工作室里的便利设备，他能看见并触摸一头狮子。
Besides this, VR can be used to practise skills in a secure environment that
otherwise would be quite dangerous. For example, firefighters could use RealCine to train safely, without the risk of getting injured in a burning building（11. ）. It could be used in class as well(12. ). Teachers could bring history alive by placing students in an ancient town, or they could teach biology by allowing students to experience the world as a whale or a squirrel. 除此之外，VR技术还可以用来在安全的环境中训练一些技能，否则这些技能训练可能相当危险。例如，消防员可以利用RealCine安全地进行训练，而不需要冒着受伤的危险，闯进着火的大楼。VR技术也能被运用在课堂上。老师可以让学生置身于古代的城镇，从而让历史重现；也可以让学生作为鲸鱼或者松鼠来体验世界，用这种方式来进行生物课的教学。
Finally, RealCine provides fantastic technology for urban planning. Engineers can enter the design of a neighbourhood into a computer, and then use VR to walk around the neighbourhood, see how it looks and make changes before construction is carried out（13. ）. This kind of urban planning is in the long term （14. ）cheaper and more practical, compared with the way most urban planning is done today. I recommend the government use this
technology in the future planning of this city.最后，RealCine为城市规划提供了绝佳的技术。工程师们可以把某个街区的设计输入电脑，然后利用VR技术在街区中走走，看看这个街区怎么样，并在动工之前作出适当的调整。长远来说，与现在大多数的城市规划方式相比，这种城市规划方式更经济、更实用。我建议在未来的城市规划中运用这种技术。
三、根据课文内容填空
RealCine makes the users feel that they are really in a new world. The users wear special VR headsets to see in 3-D and hear 1._________ sound around them. The movements of the headset indicate the direction 2._________ which the user wants to go. Special gloves make the user touch the people and objects 3._________ he or she sees. The headsets even have small 4._________ (opening) giving out smells to match the environment. Both the headsets and the gloves 5._________ (connect) to a computer network in the VR studio.
People argue that some users 6._________ (disappoint) by RealCine as VR is not real. With VR we can do some things that could never be achieved in life, 7._________ . For example, a disabled grandfather 8._________ (recent) took a trip to Africa with the aid of RealCine. Firefighters could use it to train safely without the risk of getting injured in a 9._________ (burn) building. Teachers could bring history alive by placing students in na ancient town. Engineers can also use VR in the urban planning, which is in the
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long term cheaper and 10._________ practical.
四、Project课文详解
Journey to the Centre of the Earth《地心游记》 P58
by Jules Verne 儒勒.凡尔纳
In 1863, Professor Otto Lindenbrock found a secret message in an old book he had recently bought. The message spoke of a trip to the centre of the Earth through a volcano in Iceland. Immediately（1. ）, he got his things packed （2. ）and went to Iceland, forcing his nephew Axel to go with him. 1863年，奥托. 林登布罗克教授在他新买的一本古书里发现一个秘密。这个秘密叙述了一次从冰岛的一座火山口进入地心的旅行。他立即收拾行李启程去冰岛，还强迫他的侄子阿克塞尔和他同行。
In Iceland, the Professor hired a guide named Hans. When the three of them reached the volcano, they journeyed underground through a small cave. After many days, they came to a vast room with a large ocean inside. On the shores of this ocean, there was a forest and huge mushrooms. High above, the sky was filled with （3. ）gas that gave off（4. ） light like the sun.
在冰岛，教授雇了一位名叫汉斯的导游。他们三人到达火山后，通过一个小山洞，开始地下的旅行。许多天之后，他们来到一个巨大的房间，里面是一片浩瀚的海洋。海岸上有森林和巨型蘑菇。头顶上，天空充满像太阳一样放射出光芒的气体。
The three men built a small boat and set sail. All of a sudden, two dinosaurs rose to the surface and began to fight each other. The small boat was almost sunk by the dinosaurs before they were able to get away.三个人造了一条小船，开始航行。突然，两只恐龙钻出水面，争斗起来。在他们得以逃走之前，小船差点被恐龙掀翻。
They sailed to shore and explored the forest. They came across（5. ）huge insects and many strange creatures. As they were wandering around, they noticed a man sitting against a tree in the distance—he was at least four metres tall. The men became afraid, and ran back to the boat.他们上了岸，开始森林探险。他们遇到了巨型昆虫和很多奇怪的生物。当他们到处转悠时，发现远处有一个人背靠树坐着——那个人至少四米高。三个人非常害怕，飞奔回船。
They set sail again, and saw what looked like an exit, but it was blocked by rocks which had fallen down from the ceiling. They made a bomb to blow up the rocks. After the bomb exploded, their boat rushed wildly forward into a large hole. The boat floated down with the water. It was too fast for them to escape. They could only hold on to the boat in terror.（6. ）
他们继续航行，看到一个像出口的地方，但是出口被从洞顶掉下来的石头堵住了。他们制造了一颗来炸碎石头。爆炸之后，他们的小船失控了，向前冲进了一个大洞里，并顺着水流而下。这一切发生得太快了，他们根本没时间逃跑，只能在恐惧中抓紧小船。
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Finally, they reached the bottom of the hole. Then the water began to push them up. They floated upwards for miles. The water rushed beneath them, pushing them out into the sunlight. They now found themselves in a volcano in Italy（7. ）—their adventure was over, but a new one was about to begin.最终，他们落到了洞底。然后，水把他们推向高处。他们向上漂浮了几英里。水猛烈地冲击着他们的船底．把他们推出洞口，进入阳光中。此刻他们发现自己置身于意大利的一座火山中——他们的探险结束了，但一次新的探险又即将开始。
The Time Machine《时间机器》 by H. G. Wells H. G.威尔斯
Here is my Time Machine. This is where you sit, and with these two white
handles, you can travel into the future or the past.这是我的时间机器。只要你坐在这里，握着这两个白色手柄，就可以到未来或者过去旅行。
I finished the machine just last week, and decided to use it to see the future. As I pulled one handle, the world around me became foggy. Days and nights zipped by and everything changed before my eyes. Buildings and cities appeared and
disappeared in a flash. Finally, I heard a loud thunder, and everything stopped. There was a city in front of me that appeared very old and worn.我上个星期才完成这台机器，我决定去看看未来。当我拉动一个手柄时，周围的世界开始变得模糊。白天、黑夜飞速交替，一切都在眼前变换。建筑物和城市如闪电般出现又消失。最后，我听到一声巨雷，一切都停止下来。我面前是一座城市，看起来很老很破旧。
I was now in the year AD 802,701, and mankind had evolved into two races, the Eloi and the Morlocks. The Eloi were small and like children. They lived above the ground and spent all of their time at play. Unlike the Eloi, the Morlocks looked like white beasts. They livedunderground, where they kept machines running so that（1. ）the Eloi would be happy and well fed.我现在是在公元802701年，人类进化成为两个种类，艾洛伊人和莫洛克人。艾洛伊人很小，像孩子一样。他们居住在地面之上，所有的时间都在娱乐。相反，莫洛克人看起来像白色的野兽。他们住在地下，让机器保持运转，这样艾洛伊人就会很开心，被喂养得很好。
At first, I thought that the Eloi had forced the Morlocks to do all of the work so that the Eloi could play. However, later I came to see that I had the wrong impression: the Morlocks were the real masters. They took care of （2. ）the Eloi because they lived by killing and eating them. The Morlocks even tried to catch and kill me, but luckily I was able to use the Time Machine to escape.起初，我以为艾洛伊人强迫莫洛克人做所有的工作，这样艾洛伊族就可以玩乐。但是，后来我发现我的印象是错的：莫洛克人是真正的主人。他们之所以照顾艾洛伊人，是因为他们靠和食用艾洛伊人为生。莫洛克人甚至试图抓住并杀掉我，但幸运的是，我可以用时间机器逃跑。
I then travelled 30 million years into the future. I was now on a beach with an ocean in front of me, but there was neither wind nor （3. ）
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waves, and there seemed to be little life. （4. ）I went still further into the future, and the sun grew larger, redder and darker, and the Earth became cold and covered in frost. Everything was still—there was no life or
movement at all. 然后我继续向未来旅行了三千万年。我现在站在海滩上，面前是一片汪洋大海，但是既没有风，也没有浪，似乎几乎没有生命的迹象。我继续向未来穿越，太阳变得越来越大、越来越红、越来越暗，大地变冷，被冰霜覆盖。一切都是静止的——没有任何生命，也没有任何运动。 As the world turned to complete darkness, （5. ）I pulled the other handle, and found myself back in my house in the present day. Only three hours had passed.当世界变成漆黑一片时，我拉动了另一个手柄，发现我已回到了自己的房子里，还在当天。时间仅仅过去三个小时。 二、 根据课文改错
1．A professor found secret message in a old book.
2．He forced his nephew to go with he to the center of the earth 3．They saw many unusually things during their journey.
4．Their adventure is over when they found themselves in a volcano in Italy. 5. The Morlocks took care of the Eloi as they lived by killing and ate them.
M5 Unit 1 Friendship 4．cheerful adj. 愉快的，高兴的； 一、单词详解 cheers,干杯时说的话，cheer，使高兴 1．betray vt. 出卖，背叛,谐音：被5． washroom n. 洗手间，厕所 吹/踹 W,水波状，wash,洗 2．quiz n. 小测验，question问题，6．admit vt. & vi. 承认；允许进入，z晕眩，测试时看到问题就晕眩 接纳 3．pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮，ad-,向前，mit,投掷，射，也可联想为扮作 一个弟弟被MIT麻省理工学院录取前缀pro-，pre-提前，向前，来源于了。 希腊神话中的普罗米修斯7．beg vt. & vi. 请求，恳求；乞讨 Prometheus,十分聪明，又有预言能力，bag,包，拎包去乞讨 号称“先知先觉者”，而他的弟弟埃庇8．swear (swore, swore) vt. & vi. 米修斯(Epimetheus)却很糊涂，有个发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话 外号是“后知后觉者”，他的脑子比正S，蛇，wear穿，一条胖蛇发誓要穿常人要慢半拍。英语单词中常用的前上s码的衣服。
缀“pre”和“epi”就是源自“Prometheus”9、 9. spy vi. 从事间谍活动；搜集情报和“Epimetheus”，比如“prologue”的意n. 间谍,谐音“死派”，派出去可能会思是“序幕，序言，开场白”，-logeue死的人，间谍。 是“说话”的意思，pre+logeue就是“说10、 10. truly adv. 真诚地。诚恳地，衷在前面的话”，也就是“序幕，序言，心地 开场白”的意思了。“epilogue”就是true，adj.真的 “说在后面的话”，就是我们常说的11.forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt. 原“后记”。 谅，宽恕
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for因为，give给，因为我给了你歉意，所以你得原谅我 12.sincerely adv. 真诚地 sin,谐音“心”，发自内心的，“真诚的”。 28.athletic adj. 擅长运动的；健壮的，谐音“ 爱死了体育课” 29.envy vt. & n. 羡慕，忌妒 e,眼，y,young,年轻的，看到年轻人就13.childhood n. 童年，幼年 child，孩子
14.superb adj. 极佳的；卓越的 super，超级的，superman，supermarket 15.focus vi. & vt. 集中注意力于……；（使）聚焦 n. 焦点；重点，o，人的瞳孔，眼睛看
16.pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏 谐音记同类词：脸面肥死face,鞋带lace,步子pace,种族瑞士race.
17.manner n. 方式；态度，举止 man, 男人，用男人的方式解决问题 18.horrible adj. 极坏的，糟糕的；恐怖的，令人震惊的 同义词terrible
19.guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的 gui鬼，心里有鬼的，内疚的 20.cruel adj. 伤人的；残酷的，残忍的，c，刀割，l，鞭子，都是残忍的刑法
21.remark n. & vi. 评论，谈论 re,重复，mark，分数，打分，做记号，反复给人打分，评论
22. dislike vt. 不喜欢，厌恶 dis-,否定前缀，不
23.argue vi. 争吵，争论 形似angry，因为生气而争吵 24.awkward adj. 令人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的，谐音：我抠我的（鼻屎，脚丫）
25.apologize vi. 道歉apology n. 道歉，前缀ap-，向前，logy,说话，学说，phychology,心理学，向前面那个人说“I’m sorry.”
26. quarrel n. & vi. 争吵，争执 q,女人，rr,用力，两个女人用力在争吵。
27.sensitive adj. 易生气的；敏感的；体贴的，sense,感官，感觉
会嫉妒。
30.blame vt. 责备，指责 n. （坏事或错事的）责任；责备，指责 不累，总是指责别人，你不累吗？ 31.gifted adj. 有天赋的，有天才的 gift,礼物，-ed,形容词后缀，上天给的礼物，天赋
32.dis agree ment n. 分歧，争论 否定前缀 同意 名词后缀 33.algebra n. 代数
阿拉伯数学家花剌子模的著作中，algebra指移项。
34.arithmetic n. 算术，art，艺术，math，数学
35.Easter n. 复活节，与Florida福罗里达州一样，来源于西班牙语feast of flowers,花的节日，复活节在春天庆祝
36. amusement n. 娱乐，消遣 Muse,希腊神话中的缪斯女神，传说为宙斯与记忆女神的女儿，共三个，专管诗歌、音乐、美术等娱乐活动，amuse，使娱乐，music，音乐，musician，音乐家
37.circus n. 马戏表演；马戏团 c,圆形，circle,圆圈，bicycle,自行车，把动物们放在圆圈里表演
38.online adv. & adj. 在线（的） 39.identity n. 身份，i,指向，身份就是指你是谁
40.absurd adj. 荒唐的，怪诞的 ab-,否定前缀，不， surd,谐音“色的”，男人说他不色，都是荒唐的
41. hopeless adj. 没有好转希望的，无望的；糟透, -less,否定后缀，不，无
42. overcome (overcame, overcome) vt. 克服，解决
43. acquaintance n. 泛泛之交，熟人；
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略有交情，（与某人）认识 （的） 《友谊天长地久》Auld lang syne中52.adolescent adj. 青春期的 n. 的第一句：Should auld acquaintance 青少年，adole=old,成长，-ent,形容词be forgot and never brought to mind? 后缀，adult,成年人 怎能忘记旧日朋友？ 54. respond vi. 做出反应，回应 44.twin adj. 双胞胎之一的；成双的 re-反复，spond,说， n. 双t胎之一；一对相像的事物之一 55.pausle vi. & n. 停顿，暂停 45.apartment n. 公寓套房 56. regardless adv. 不顾；不管怎样 a-,part部分，一幢大楼被分成许多部regard,考虑，-less,不，否定 分 57.security n. 平安，安全；安全措46.topic n. 话题 施 47.attitude n. 态度，看法 secure，安全的=safe 48.anchor vt. 扎根于；使基于；下58.rely vi. 依靠，依赖 锚；使固定 n. 锚 谐音“依赖” a, 尖的，ch,刀，像刀一样的锚 59.trolleybus n. 无轨电车 49.cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的 tro竖立的，ll联想为电线 caut=care, 小心，-ious,形容词后缀 60.revision n. 复习；修订，修改 50.eager adj. 热切的，急不可待的 re-重复，vision,view,看 e,眼，g,生长，眼里长出热切的光 61.committed adj. 尽心尽51.worldwide adv. & adj. 全世界53.力的；坚信的；坚定的 62.mercy n. 宽恕；仁慈 前缀com-，共同，一起，mit,投掷，送，谐音：没事儿 ，一个总说没事儿的人射，朝同一个地方射，尽力 说明这个人对待别人是 “宽容”的
二、Reading课文详解
Secrets and lies 秘密和谎言 P2
Dear Annie亲爱的安妮：
我觉得我被汉娜背叛了。（ 1. ）We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day each other. Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very
academic and like to study, but we like it that way. We are both very hard-working and always get good grades（ 2. ）at school. 我觉得我的朋友汉娜背叛了我。从小学起我俩就是最好的朋友，几乎每天都在一起。因为我们成绩好，喜爱学习，其他同学有时会说我俩没趣，但我们喜欢那样。我们都很用功，成绩在学校一直很优秀。
On Monday, we had a surprise math quiz. I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the result. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. The next day after class, my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class! I felt so ashamed; I must be very stupid to fail a simple math quiz! 星期一那天，我们搞了一次突袭性的数学小测验。我以为它非常简单，一点也不担心考试成绩。小测验之后，我说起话来听上去一定洋洋自得，说它实在太简单了，我肯定能取得
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好成绩。第二天下课后，我的数学老师却告诉我，我得了全班最低分！我感到非常羞愧，这么简单的小测验没能及格，我真是笨极了！
Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful（ 3. ）, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. We went to wash our hands in the girls’ washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done（4. ）. I begged her not to tell anyone else, and she said she would keep my secret. 后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。午餐前，我们一起去女子洗手间时，我承认考得有多么糟糕。我求她不要告诉任何人，她说她会替我保守秘密。
However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at（ 5. ）me as I came into math class and, when I went to sit down, I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said, “Stupid Sarah got a D!” 我觉得如此不安以至于我想哭了。
（6. ）. I thought that Hannah must have told my classmates about my grade after promising not to. Everyone must have been laughing behind my back! 但是第二天，当我走进数学课教室时，我就注意到同学们在盯着我看。当我坐下时，我惊讶地发现桌子上有一张纸，上面写着：―笨蛋萨拉得了D等！‖我难过得想哭。我想汉娜一定是在答应过我不会告诉任何人之后将我的成绩告诉了同学们。大家一定都在背后嘲笑我！
I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren’t going to be friends any more（ 7. ）. She was really upset and swore that she hadn’t told anyone. However, the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the students that the grades belong to. She said that someone must have been spying on us in the washroom, but I don’t believe her explanation. I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her. Now I’ve lost my best friend. What shall I do? 我非常生气，径直走到汉纳跟前，告诉她我们不再是朋友了，因为她不能信守诺言。她很不安，发誓说她没有告诉任何人。但是，能看到成绩的人只有老师和学生自己。她说一定是有人在洗手间偷听我们的谈话，但我不相信她的解释。我想我永远也不会真正地原谅她。现在，我失去了我最好的朋友。我该怎么办呢？
Yours sincerely, 你真诚的， 萨拉 Sarah
A friendship in trouble 陷入困境的友谊 P3
Dear Annie亲爱的安妮：
My name is Andrew. I am 17 years old and I have a problem. My best friend Matthew has stopped 1.____________(talk) to me. We have been best friends since childhood and play together in the school football team. Last week, we had an
important match against another school. The other team was superb and we really had to focus. I was determined to win, ( 2. )but Matthew was
playing badly.他不能跟上比赛的步伐.( 3. ),
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and as a result of his careless playing we lost. 我叫安德鲁。我17岁，碰到了一个难题。我最好的朋友马修已经停止跟我说话了。我们从小就是好朋友，一起在学校足球队踢球。上个星期，我们与另一所学校的球队有一场非常重要的比赛。那支球队很棒，我们必须集中精力。我下决心一定要赢得比赛，但马修踢得很糟糕。他跟不上比赛的节奏。由于他的漫不经心，我们输了球赛。
Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and told him I thought he was not trying hard enough. He got 4._____________(annoy), saying it was not his fault if he
couldn’t play as well as me, and that I shouldn’t talk to him 5.________this manner. Then we both started shouting 6.__________each other and it turned into a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, （ 7. ）but I dislike 8.______________(see) our team lose. Football is very important to me, 我们的友谊也一样重要（9._______________________________________）后来，我非常生他的气，并告诉他说我觉得他没有尽全力。他也被惹火了，说如果他的球技不如我那可不是他的错，还说我不该以这种方式和他说话。然后我们俩都开始冲着对方大喊大叫，结果我们的喊叫变成了可怕的争执。他指责我做了一些非常不好的事情，只是为了伤害我。我感到很内疚，因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话，但我不喜欢看到我们队输球。足球对我很重要，但我们的友谊也同样很重要。
Since we argued, he has spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class. It’s really awkward. He is usually cheerful and outgoing, but he has been really quiet and looks sad. The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized
10______ me. 虽然我们在教室里是邻座，但自从吵架之后，他便没有和我说过话。这实在令人尴尬。他通常开朗外向，但最近一直沉默寡言，显得很难受。他说的那些话也伤害了我，但他并未向我道歉。
Yesterday, I saw him 11___________(talk) to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help 12.___________________(wonder) if he wants to be his best friend instead of me. I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athletic and good at football, and that I had better find another friend. What should I do? 昨天，我看见他和另一个男孩彼得说话，我不禁想知道他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。我把吵架的事告诉了我哥哥，但他说马修只是太敏感，可能还有一点嫉妒，因为我身强体壮，足球踢得很好。他说我最好另找一个朋友。我该怎么办呢？ Yours truly你真诚的， Andrew安德鲁
三、根据课文内容填空。
I feel 1._ _(betray) by my friend Hannah. We have been friends since primary school. On Monday, we had a surprise math test. I said loudly how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. But in fact I did really 2._ _ __ (terrible) in the test. I begged Hannah not to tell anyone about my grade and she said she would keep the secret. However, the next day, I noticed my 3._ _(classmate) staring at me and it seemed that everyone was laughing 4._ _my back. I blamed her and 76
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can’t forgive her. Now I 5._ __(lose) my best friend. What shall I do? Dear Annie,
Last week, we had 6. _ important match against another school. I was determined to win, 7._ Mathew was playing badly. He could not keep pace with the game, and we lost because of his careless playing. Afterwards, I got really 8. _ _ (anger) with him and told him he was not trying hard enough. He also accused me of s0me really bad things to hurt me. Since we argued, he hasn’t spoken to me even 9.__ we sit next to each other. It’s really awkward. Should I find another friend or apologize to avoid 10. (lose)a good friend?
四、Project课文详解
Teenagers’ friendships 青少年的友谊观 P18
My friend, Robert, has a twin sister named Amanda. Though they get along well, there are some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle Robert. He can’t understand how girls can talk so long. For example, sometimes when he leaves the apartment to play football, Amanda and her friend, Sharon, are sitting on the sofa, 1._______________(talk). When he comes back three and a half hours later, they are still sitting on the sofa, 2.________________(continue) the same conversation on the same topic. One day Robert was so curious ______ he asked Amanda what they
talked about, but she replied, “We are best friends. We talk about almost everything---- film stars, pop songs, recipes, everything!” 我的朋友罗伯特有一个双胞胎妹妹叫阿曼达。尽管他们相处融洽，但阿曼达和她朋友的一些事还是让罗伯特感到困惑。他无法理解女孩子怎么会聊天那么长时间。例如，有时他离开公寓去踢足球时，阿曼达和她的朋友沙伦就坐在沙发上聊天。当他三个半小时后回来时，她们仍然坐在沙发上，继续聊着同样的话题。一天，罗伯特抑制不住好奇，问阿曼达她们聊了什么，她回答说：―我们是最好的朋友。我们什么都聊——电影明星、流行歌曲、食谱等等，所有的事！‖
Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship.
(3. ）Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support, but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests. A boy is likely to be cautious about 5._________ (share) his feelings with his closest friends. A girl’s closest friend, however, might be eager to tell her about something that has happened in her life. 男孩和女孩对待友谊有着不同的态度。女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。对于与密友们分享感情这件事，一个男孩会更加谨慎。而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她吐露自己生活中发生过的一些事。
Many studies worldwide show that girls have more friendships than boys. In fact, many adolescent males cannot name a single best friend. When 6.__________( ask), they usually hesitate before responding, “My best friend? I can’t think about that. I am busy with my homework, and I have so many different friends that it is hard to choose just one best friend. 全球范围的许多研究表明女孩比男孩享有更多的友谊。事实上，许多青春期的男孩说不出一个最好的朋友。当被问起时，他们在回答前往
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往会犹豫一下：―最好的朋友？我没有想过这个问题。我忙于家庭作业。我有很多朋友，很难说出哪一位是我最好的朋友。
Females who have been asked can usually answer the question without
7.________(pause), “A best friend? Of course. We have a lot to share with each other. We do a lot of things together such as talking and shopping.” 被问到过这个问题的女孩往往能毫不犹豫地回答：―最好的朋友？当然有。我们分享的东西很多。我们经常一起做很多事，比如聊天和逛街。‖
We have to realize: boys share activities, while girls share feelings.. The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same, regardless 9.________the basis of these friendships. The important thing to remember is that 10.________ of them are friendships. We need friends in our lives. 我们必须认识到男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。所要记住的重要一点是：它们二者均是友谊。我们在生活中都需要朋友。
What friendship means to me 友谊对我意味着什么 P19 When deciding what is important in life, some people choose money,
1.___________ others choose things like security and comfort. However, for me, the 2.___________________( important) thing in life is friendship. I cannot imagine being without it. 当确定生活中最重要的是什么时，有些人选择金钱，而别的人则选择诸如安全感和舒适度之类的东西。然而，对我而言，生活中最重要的东西是友谊。我不能想像没有它。
Friendship means not being alone. Once I was travelling by myself through
Beijing on the way to my grandparents’ house. Since my next train left in the evening, I had a day for sightseeing. At first, I don't mind being alone, but then I saw all of the tourists 3.________(have) their pictures taken together, and I began feeling sad. I ended up returning to the train station and 4.______________(spend) the rest of the day in the waiting room. Life is no fun without a companion to share it with. 友谊意味着不孤独。有一次去我独自一人旅行，途经北京去我祖父母家。由于我要乘坐的下一趟火车要到晚上才开，我有一天的观光时间。起初，我并不介意自己一个人，但后来看见所有的游客一起拍照，我开始感到难过。最终我回到火车站，在候车室里度过了当天余下的时光。如果没有同伴分享，生活就索然无味。
Friendship means 5._________________(have) someone I can rely 6._________. Last year, I left my schoolbag on a trolleybus, and lost all of my notes for the final exam. You can imagine how I panicked. Luckily for me, my best friend Jenny let me copy her notes, and I used them in my revision. Thanks 7. ______her help, I was able to pass the exam. 友谊意味着有人可以依靠。去年，我把书包忘在了无轨电车上，丢了所有的期末考试的笔记。你可以想像我有多慌乱。幸运的是，我最好的朋友珍妮让我复印了她的笔记，我复习时用了它们。多亏她的帮助，我才得以通过考试。
Friendship means being committed to others. The best way 8.__________(have) a friend is to be a friend.Because I am a friend, I have had to learn patience and
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mercy. Once I had a quarrel with Jenny, and she made some cruel comments about me. Even though I was hurt, I forgave her and she later made 9 .____ apology.
Through this incident, both of us have become better people. However, if I had ended our friendship, we would have both learnt nothing. 友谊意味着忠诚于他人。拥有朋友的最佳途径就是做一个朋友。因为我是一个朋友，我就要学会有耐心和宽容。有一次我与珍妮吵架，她说了一些有关我的残酷无情的闲话。尽管我的感情受到了伤害，我还是原谅了她。后来她向我道歉。
In conclusion, when we are old and look back 10._______our lives, what will we remember? Will we remember the things we bought or the places we have been to? No, we will remember those whom we loved and those 11. _________loved us. We will remember our friends. 总之，当我们年老时回顾我们生活时，我们会记住什么呢？我们会记住我们买过的东西或者是去过的地方吗？不，我们会记住那些我们爱过的人和爱过我们的人。我们会记住我们的朋友。
五、根据课文内容改错
1. My friend Robert has a twin sister name Amanda.
2. They get on very good, but there are some things puzzling Robert. 3. He can’t understand why girls have so much to talk with.
4. In fact, boys and girls have different attitude toward friendship.
5. The qualities that boys and girls consider importance in a friend seem to be the same.
M5 Unit 2 Protecting the environment 一、 单词详解 8.duty n. 责任，义务，本分 1. economy n. 经济（情况）；经济体 9.cut back on 减少，削减，缩减 2. spokeswoman n. 女发言人 10.production n. 产量；生产 3. consultant n. 顾问 11.recycle vt. & vi. 回收利用 4.debate n. & vi. 辩论；争论，讨论 re,重新，往回cycle圆圈，骑自行车，前缀de,低，下面， bicycle,自行车，circle圆形，画圈，5.open the floor 自由发言 circumstance,环境，条件， 6.flow vi. 流，流动；流畅地进行 12.pipe n. 管子，管道， p字母指一n. 流动；连贯，字母f来源于埃及女股力量向外冒，运输水的，管子。 神玛特头上的羽毛，象征“柔弱的羽13.greedy adj 贪婪的，贪心的 毛和生命之火花轻舞飞扬”，soft，软字母g象征从深处生长出来，心理萌的，feather,羽毛，fur,毛，life，生发的贪婪，象征“土地萌发伟大新生“，命，fire，火，flame，火焰，flower，ground,地面，grow，生长，green,绿色花，fruit，水果，forest，森林，的，grass草,gene,基因，geography,地理，farm，农场，field，土地，田野，flu,gravity,重力，great,伟大的，giant，巨人，流感，flood，洪水，fuse, 融化，fly,grand，壮丽的，堂皇的，grandfather，飞，flight航班，fall掉落，feel，感祖父， 觉，摸， 14.business∣man n. （尤指上层）商7.billion n. 十亿，million,百万 界人员；企业家
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15.responsibility n. 责任，职责
16.belief n. 看法；信念believe, v.相信
17.environmental adj. 环境的，en-里面，vir,同 cir,画圈，环里面的，环境。 18.operate vt. & vi. 经营；动手术 谐音“哦，剖了他”，operation,n 19.credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分
20.quantity n. 数量 quality,质量 21.raw adj. 原始的，未经加工或处理的
22.raw material n. 原材料 23.seafood n. 海味，海鲜
24.willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的 will,情态动词，愿意 25.tax n. 税，税款
26.goods n. 商品，货品
好的good商品才能卖得出去。
27.pump vt. & vi. 用泵（或泵样器官等）输送；涌出，涌流 n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒，p字母指一股力量向外冒，如push,推pull,拉proud自豪的
28.use up 用尽 = run out (of) 用完，耗尽
29.madam n. 女士，夫人
字母M形如女人胸部，mum,妈妈，mother,母亲，Miss,小姐，Mrs,夫人，maiden,姑娘，marry，与...结婚。 90. arrival n. 到来，抵达；到达者 arrive，v. arrive at +家校村等小地点， arrive in +省城国州等大地点
30.clean up 打扫（或清除）干净 31.arrest vt. & n. 逮捕
ar表示强调，一再地，rest，休息，逮捕他，让他去监狱里休息 32.illegally adv. 非法地
il-,否定前缀，legal合法的，字母l来源于牧羊人的鞭子，法老的法杖，象征权力，王法,教导。lamb，羊羔，lesson，教训，上课，loyal，忠诚的，lead，领导，lord，主人，lecture，讲座，lar,守护神
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33.customs n. 海关；关税
custom，风俗，customer，顾客，谐音“掐死他妈”，因为他妈是个挑剔的顾客。 34.feather n. 羽毛
F字母象征羽毛，芦苇等
35.tortoise n. 陆龟，谐音“拖得死”，乌龟就是拖拖拉拉。
36.blanket n. 毯子，厚的覆盖层 后缀-et指小的东西，toilet，抽水马桶，market，市场，
37.impress vt. 使印象深刻
前缀im-,里面，press，按压，望你头脑里压，印象深刻，impression，n.印象 38.clap vt. & vi. 鼓掌，抬手 c,张开双手，l,伸长p,用力 39.economic adj. 经济的
40.conflict vi. 冲突，抵触 n. 冲突；矛盾
41.queue vi. 排队等候 n. 队，行列 字母q指向下施压，ueue好像在排队 42.queue up 排队等候
43.desertification n. 沙漠化
desert, n.沙漠，desertify， v. 沙漠化 44.crop n. 庄稼，农作物
字母c象征用刀割，rop,庄稼成熟向下的样子
45.fence n. 栅栏，篱笆，围栏 46.soil n. 土壤，oil，油，肥的流油的土地
47.bush n. 灌木，Bush，美国前总统布什，布什出生在灌木丛里
48.decrease vt.& vi. 减少 n. 减少 de,向下，crease折痕；皱痕 49.drill vi. & vt. 钻（孔），打（眼） n. 操练，训练，dr,向下用力，drown,使淹死，drip,滴下，drop,使落下。 50.measure n. 措施，方法；尺度 vt. 测n量；估量，判定， 字母M来源于水波，运动，海，狂暴，壮观，与数字有关，大的，多的much,many。
51. administration n. 管理；管理部门；
施行；（美国）
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ad向着+mini小+ation名词后缀 =n. 70.vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 一般是大的部门管理小的部门。 字母v表示分叉，几个，hicle，类似52.satellite n. 人造卫星 cycle,圆圈，轮胎，有好几个轮胎的，谐音“赛他莱特”，人造卫星赛过莱特兄交通工具。 弟的飞机 71.petrol n. 汽油,谐音“呸啾” 53.pick out 找出，挑选 72.engine n. 发动机，引擎en-,里面，54.typhoon n. 台风 gine,生长，里面能产生动力的 55.flood n. 洪水；大批，大量 vt. & vi. 73.electrical adj. 电的，用电的 泛滥；淹没；大量涌入 ele-,电，公元前六世纪的时候，古希腊字母f象征轻柔流飞，oo象征水滴 人发现用毛皮摩擦过的琥珀能够吸引56.range n. 范围；一系列；山脉 vi. 羽毛，头发等轻小物体，于是用耀眼的（在一定范围内）变化；包括；排列，太阳elektor把琥珀命名为elektron。排序 eletricity,n.电，eletrician,电气工程师。 57.illegal adj. 违法的，非法的 74.plant n. 工厂；发电厂，植物，栽legal，合法的 种 58.under way 进行中 75.fuel n. 燃料 vt. & vi. 提供燃料；59.conservation n. （对自然环境的）加油，字母f来源于埃及女神玛特头上保护，前缀con-，一起，词根serve，的羽毛，象征“柔弱的羽毛和生命之火服务 花轻舞飞扬”，燃料一般为动植物遗体60.dolphin n. 海豚 所变。 61.white-flag dolphin 白鳍豚 76.consume vt. 消耗，耗费；消费 62.in /with regard to 关于，至于 77.particular adj. 专指的，特指的；特63.appreciate vt. 欣赏，赞赏；感谢；别的；讲究的，挑剔的 领会，ap-, 强调，pre-,向前，身体前倾，part，部分，特别的一部分， 表示欣赏感谢， 78.in particular 尤其，特别 .climate n. 气候 79.absorb vt. 吸收；理解；使全神贯65.low-carbon adj. 低碳的 注，sorb,谐音“ 唆吧”，唆即吸。 66.carbon n. 碳,car,小汽车，排放碳 80.oxygen n. 氧气 67．dioxide n. 二氧化物，di-,二 81decade n. 十年 68.carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳 82.do one's part 尽自己的职责 69.let off 排放
二、 Reading课文详解 P22
The economy or the environment — must we choose?
经济还是环境——我们必须做出抉择吗？
TV host: James LongSpeakers: Lin Shuiqing, a spokeswoman from the Green Society Qian Liwei, a business development consultant 林水清，绿色协会发言人 钱利伟，企业发展咨询顾问詹姆斯 • 朗
James Long: Good morning. Today‘s debate question is, “The economy or the environment—must we choose?‘ With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant. We are following our usual schedule for debates. Ms Lin Shuiqing will speak first for three minutes. Mr Qian Liwei will follow, also for three minutes. Then we will open the floor81
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（1. ）for discussion. If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to express them. 电视节目主持人：詹姆斯 • 朗发言：各位上午好。今天辩论的问题是“经济 还是环境——我们必须做出抉择吗？”今天的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展咨询顾问钱利伟先生。今天辩论的程序与往常一样。林水清女士首先发言，时间为三分钟。接下来是钱利伟先生发言，时间也是三分钟。之后 我们将展开自由讨论。如果大家有什么 问题或评论，可以利用这一时间将它们表达出来。
Lin Shuiqing: Good morning, everyone. First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste. Many places have been destroyed and many plants and animals have died. This is awful. Factories produce large amounts of（2. ） harmful chemicals. The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick. Other types of waste flow into（ 3. ） our water, killing river and sea life. Much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats as well. These boats catch large numbers of（3. ）fish without giving them time to lay eggs（4. ）. This will result in （5. ） a smaller number of（6. ）fish left for us to eat in the future. 林水清：大家上午好！我今天首先要谈的是化学废物 如何破坏着世界上的大片区域。许多地方已经被毁，许多动植物已经死亡。这很糟糕。 工厂排放出大量有害化学物质。工厂生产造 成的废物进入大气，使我们生病。其他种类的废物流入水中，杀死河流中及海洋中的生物。捕捞船也在毁灭大量的海洋生物。这些捕捞船捕捞大量的鱼，而不留时间给它们产卵，这将导致我们食用的鱼的数目越来越小。
While we damage our environment, we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eat! The world‘s population has grown by（7. ） six times what it was in 1800.The figure is now about 7 billion people! 一方面我们在毁灭环境，另一方面我们继续生育越来越多的人口，这些人口需要更多的土地居住，也需要更多的食物食用！与1800年的人口相比，世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。现在约有70亿人！
It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy. （8. ）The amount of rubbish we produce is turning into （9. ）a big problem; we need to think more about recycling our waste. It would be good to
increase the amount of things we recycle, and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment. We may even create more jobs and help our country become more developed at the same time. （10. ）Thank you. 我们有责任努力削减生产，减少制造和购买的东西的产品数量。我们制造出来的垃圾数量正在成为一个大问题。我们有必要更多地考虑循环利用垃圾。好的做法将是增加回收利用的东西的数量，并教给人们不损坏环境的生活方式。我们甚至可以借此创造出更多的就业机会，帮助我们的国家在保护环境的同时更好地发展。谢谢！
Qian Liwei: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you, Ms Lin. That was an interesting speech. It is clear that you are very concerned about the present 82
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situation of our environment. （11. ） As a business development consultant, I‘m often seen as being against （12. ）the environment. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into（13. ）rivers. They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money. People often have this belief that development is bad for（14. ） the environment, but this does not have to be true. 钱利伟：女士们、先生们，上午好。谢谢你，林女士。 你的演讲很有意思。显然，你非常担心我们的环境的现状。作为企业发展咨询顾问，我常常被视为是反对环保的。一想到工厂，人们就会想到滚滚的浓烟或者向河流倾泻化学废物的管道。他们会联想到贪婪的商人躲避社会责任，一味关心金钱。人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这未必是正确的。
What I‘m here to say is that （15. ）having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time. There are many factories and industries which control the amount of（16. ）pollution they produce, and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause. The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about（17. ）the environment. We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy, and give them more credit! 我在这里要说的是，与很多环境顾问一起工作之后，我知道健康的环境和经济发展并存是有可能的。许多工厂和企业控制自己生产的污染总量，诚心地投入资金去修复它们破坏的环境。这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。我们应该停止将这些公司和商人视作敌人，而应给他们以更多的赞誉。
Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on （18. ）the quantity of things we produce in order to （19. ）save the environment. I don‘t agree with her because then jobs will be lost. I believe that people are more important than fish and trees. 林女士建议为了保护环境我们应该削减我们所生产的东西的数量。我不同意这个观点，因为那样的话，就业机会将减少。我认为人类比鱼类和树木更加重要。
However, I do agree（20. ）that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled, and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller. What we need are better laws to preserve the environment and still allow our country to grow. This includes controls on how many trees are cut down and how many fish are caught. This might make wood and seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things is not always bad. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment（21. ）. 然而，我非常赞同我们应该利用回收材料制造更多的东西，减少原材料的使用，因为原材料的供应正变得越来越紧张。我们需要更有效的法律来保护环境，但同时让国家得到发展。这包括控制伐木量和捕捞量。这可能会让木材和海产品价格上涨，
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但是为某些东西支付更高的价钱并不总是坏事。我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。
Finally, those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher taxes. If you harm the environment, you should have to pay for it to be repaired.Thank you for listening. 最后，那些污染环境的工厂应该缴纳更高的税。如果你破坏环境，你就应该为此付出更多的环境维护费用。谢谢大家！
James Long: Now we will open the floor for discussion ... 詹姆斯 • 朗：现在是自由讨论时间„„ 三、根据课文内容填空
James Long is holding a debate The economy or the environment---must we choose? Ms Lin holds the opinion 2. vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste. For example, large amounts of 3. (harm) chemicals produced by factories flow into our water, 4. (kill) river and sea life. Besides, much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats. So he advises people to cut
back on production and meanwhile teaches people about 5. (environment) friendly ways of living.
6. Mr. Qian thinks economic development is not bad for the environment. Having worked side by side with environmentalists, he thinks a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time. Mr. Qian agrees that recycling may be the key to 7. (help) both sides and that people need more effective laws to preserve the environment. 8. the controls on how many trees are cut down and how many fish 9. (catch) may make wood and sea food more expensive, people are willing to pay a little higher price for them. At last, James says they will open the floor for 10. (far) discussion.
四、 Project课文详解 P38
Protecting the Yangtze River 保护长江
As the third longest river（1. ） in the world, the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern （2. ）both in China and abroad. Rapid development and an increase in population have meant that the amount of water taken from the river is rising, and the waste being put back into （3. ）the river has been increasing. This is not good news for the people who rely on（4. ） the Yangtze River for water. Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.（5. ）作为世界上第三长的河流，长江的环境问题已经引起了国内外的关注。飞速的经济发展和人口增长意味着取自长江的水量不断上涨，而排回到长江中的废物也在不断增加。这对依赖长江用水的人来说是个不好的消息，对生活在江中或沿岸的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。
Many people have recognized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River, and organizations and projects have been set up to deal with the problem. The Green River Organization, for example, educates people on the importance of protecting this great river. It also watches the river and stops the illegal hunting of animals, which
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has put the wild animal population in danger. （6. ）许多人已经认识到保护长江的重要性，他们已经成立组织和设立项目，来解决这个问题。例如，绿色江河组织教育人们，让他们了解保护这条大河的重要性。该组织还监视长江，阻止非法捕捞。非法捕捞已经威胁到野生动物的数量。
Two special government projects are also under way. （7. ） The first project, a water and soil conservation project, was set up in 19. This project resulted in（8. ） farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. It has already been a success because it has helped improve the local environment and the land around the river. 的两个特别项目也在实施中。第一个项目是水土保持项目，启动于19年。这个项目使得农民退耕还林或退耕还草。这个项目已经取得成功，因为它有效地改善了当地的环境和江边的土地情况。
The second project includes nature reserves for white-flag dolphins, one of the rarest animals in the world. The number of white-flag dolphins in China has dropped because of pollution in the Yangtze River. The white-flag dolphin was last seen several years ago, though scientists are still hopeful that the animal has survived. 第二个项目是白鳍豚自然保护区。白鳍豚是世界上最稀有的动物之一。由于长江的污染，中国白鳍豚的数量急剧下降。尽管科学家还在期盼着白鳍豚不会绝种，但人们最后一次看到白鳍豚已经是在好几年前了。
We still have a long way to go to（9. ）solve all the problems in regard to（10. ） the Yangtze River. However, people have finally realized that it is their responsibility to protect this great river. （11. ）Because of this, the situation on the Yangtze River is improving. The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come. 要解决有关长江的所有问题，我们还有很长的一段路要走。但是，人们终于认识到他们有责任来保护这条大河。因此，长江的环境正在改善。中国和人民为保护这条深受人们热爱的河流所做出的努力会在未来得到赏识。
Climate change and a low-carbon life气候变化和低碳生活
There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years. （1. ）Many people blame this change on （2. ）gases such as carbon dioxide. Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide when they breathe. However, many other human activities also let off （3. ）carbon gases. Anytime something is burnt, carbon is put into the atmosphere. Cars and other vehicles burn petrol in their engines, and electrical power plants most often burn fuels such as coal and oil in order to （4. ）produce electricity. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off. （5. ）毫无疑问，最近几年世界气候一直在发生着变化。许多人将这一变化归咎于二氧化碳等气体。动物和人类在呼吸时会排出二氧化碳。然而，人类的许多其他活动也会释放出二氧化碳。每当物体燃烧时，碳就会排放进大气中。小汽车和
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
其他车辆燃烧汽油来发动引擎，发电站通常靠燃烧诸如煤和油之类的燃料来发电。因此，我们消耗的汽油和电能越多，我们释放出的碳就越多。
One thing we can all do to help solve this problem（6. ） is to walk or use a bicycle when possible. Although we produce carbon when we
breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than（7. ） that produced by a car. Of course, there are times when we need to travel long distances. In this case, public transport such as buses and the underground are always much better choices than a private car or a taxi. If you must drive a car, it is never good to travel alone—you should try to find other people to travel with you. 我们能做的有助于解决这一问题的方法之一就是尽量步行或使用自行车。尽管我们呼吸时产生碳，但所排出的碳要比小汽车产生的碳少很多。当然，有时候我们也需要长途旅行。这种情况下，与私家车或出租车相比，公共交通工具如公共汽车和地铁是更好的选择。如果你必须开车，独自出行永远不是最佳选择——你应该试着找人与你同行。
At home, you should use as little energy as possible. （8. ）Turn off the lights（9. ） and anything else electrical when not in use. Since factories use a lot of energy and also let off carbon gases, it is important to recycle as much as possible. （10. ）In particular,
（11. ） metal products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce, so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them away. 在家你应该尽可能少地消耗能量。不用电灯以及其他电器时，应该关掉。由于工厂消耗大量能源，也排放出大量碳化气体，尽量多地回收利用是非常重要的。尤其是金属产品和纸质产品需要消耗大量能源来生产，因此你应该找到重复使用这些产品的方法，而不是把它们扔掉。
Last but not least, （12. ）you can plant a tree,
because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen. Planting a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of satisfaction （13. ）氧化碳，释放氧气。种植一棵小树很knowing that you did your part to help 便宜也很简单，但二十多年之后，当solve the problem of climate change. 最你看到它们都长成大树时，会有一种后但并不是最不重要的一点是，你可满足感，因为你知道自己为帮助解决以植树，因为树能够吸收空气中的二气候变化问题尽了你的一份力。 五、 根据课文内容改错
1. The Yangtze River is the third longer river in the world.
2. Lucky, the environmental problems have raised concern both in China and abroad. 3. Many people have recognized the importance of protecting it.
4. The Green River organization, for an example, educates people on the importance of protecting it.
5. We still have a long way to solving all the problem. M5 Unit 3 Science and nature
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
一、单词详解
1. clone vt.克隆 n. 克隆出来的动
物或植物,
2. embryo n. 胚胎，em-,里面，bryo,
联想为born,生，里面能生出东西的。
3. on the one hand…on the other
hand… 一方面……另一方面……
4. tissue n. （生物的）组织；纸巾 5. toy with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当作
儿戏
6. real-life adj. 真实的，现实生活中
的
7. monster n. 怪物,
8. 字母M来源于水波，运动，海，
狂暴，壮观，大的，多的。marine,海的，milk,牛奶mud,泥浆，move,移动，mobile,移动的，magic，魔力的，mad,狂乱的，many,许多的，much,许多的，major,较多的。monster指巨大而狂暴的动物。 9. exact adj. 精确的，准确的 10. cell n. 细胞；小隔间；电池 11. mammal n. 哺乳动物, 联想为
man,人也是哺乳动物，字母M形如雌性胸部。
12. Scottish adj. 苏格兰的 13. intention n. 意图，目的；企图,,in
里面，tent倾向，心里有所倾向，即意图。
14. anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑，不安 15. 形容词anxious，俺可想死，焦虑不
安的。
16. saleswoman n. 女售货员，女推销
员
17. adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳 18. 前缀，去，词根opt,选择，收养和
采用要选择。
19. legal adj. 法律许可的，合法的 20. push ahead with 义无返顾地进行，
努力推进
21. Italian adj. 意大利的 n. 意大
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利人；意大利语
22. physician n. 医师，内科医生 23. 词根pys，生命存在，h为插入码，
physics物理学，physicist,物理学家，身体的，physical,物质的，. 24. goat n. 山羊
25. consequence n. 结果，后果
26. con-, 强调。-seq, 连接，连续，.即
按顺序递进的结果。
27. harvest vt.&vi. 收割（庄稼） n.
收获；收成，hard,努力地，就会有收获。
28. for sale 供出售，待出售
29. transform vt.使改变外观或性质
（尤指向好的方向）；使改变形态 30. trans穿越，移动，form形式，
transplant移植，transport交通运输 31. concept n. 概念；观念。前缀 con-
表示全部, cept是抓,这里引申为“接受”,概念就是大家都接受的东西
32. crime n. 罪，罪行, “crime”一词是
指违反世俗法律的行为，而sin则指宗教概念。sin这个词来源于古英语的synn，最早的使用见于记载是在9世纪。sincerely,真诚地。 33. fellow n. 男子，家伙；同事，同
类，follow,跟随，跟随你的人，就是同类。
34. profession n. 职业，行业记要 35. professor,教授，是一种职业。 36. radiation n. 辐射，放射线
37. radio,收音机，radi能发射电波的。 38. breakthrough n. 突破 39. original adj. 原来的，起初的；首
创的；非复制的，名词origine,音似“哦，瑞金”，江西瑞金是的起源地。
40. judgement n. 判断力，看法，评价；
（法律）判决，字母J形似国王的带勾子的法杖，象征王法。
41. be/ get burnt out 耗尽体力，累垮 42. relation n. 关系；亲戚
长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
43. public relation n. 公共关系 44. follow in one's footsteps 效仿某人 45. conduct vt.实施；指挥乐队con,表
强调，duct,指引，指挥。
46. majority n. 多数，大多数，字母
M来源于水波，大的，多的。 47. summary n. 总结；概括，概要。 48. sum,计算总数
49. consideration n. 仔细考虑；必须
考虑的因素；体谅，顾及
50. take…into consideration 认真考
虑
51. hunger n. 饥饿；饥荒，hungry，
饥饿的。
52. tasty adj. 美味的，可口的 53. taste，尝味道 54. nutrition n. 营养
55. 谐音“牛吹神”,现在的很多营养品
广告吹牛吹得很神.
56. ordinary adj. 普通的，一般的 57. reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的 58. 动词rely，依靠
59. accurate adj. 准确的，精确的 60. brief adj. 短时间的，短暂的；简
洁的，简单的
61. actual adj. 真实的，实际的 62. act，行动，行动才是实际的。 63. confirm vt.&vi. 证实，证明；确认；
使确信 . con,强调，firm，坚定的，使人坚定，
使确信。
65. agriculture n. 农业 66. 字母A，指牛，与农业有关，culture，
文化。
67. channel n. 水道；航道；隧道 68. Chanel，香奈儿,
69. favour n. 赞同，支持；恩惠，帮
助；偏爱，偏袒，谐音“飞吻”，喜欢而给她飞吻。
70. in favour of 赞同，支持
二、Reading课文详解
88
71. point of view n. 观点
72. catastrophe n. 灾难，灾祸 73. cat，猫，astro=star,星星，星星掉下
来，猫就遇上灾难了。 74. resource n. 资源 75. re-,重复，source,source,源头，资源
就是很多东西的源头。 76. acre n. 英亩
77. rainforest n. 雨林
78. income n. 收入，收益 79. genetics n. 遗传学
80. gene,基因，tics,学说，physics,物理
学，politics,政治学。
81. frighten vt.使惊讶，使惊恐
82. fright，n.恐惧，形似fire，火使人
恐惧。
83. genetically adv. 从基因上，与基
因相关
84. modify vt.调整，修改；修饰 85. mody, modle,模式，模型，按模式
修改。
86. genetically modified 转基因的 87. insert vt.插入，嵌入 88. in，里面，sert，插
. DNA n. 脱氧核糖核酸
90. pest n. 害虫，谐音“拍死它”。 91. profit n. 利润，收益vt.&vi. 获益；
对……有用，pro，前面，fit，适合，好的，前面有适合你的东西，即“利益“。
92. chain n. 一系列；一连串（人或事）
形似train，火车有了“链条”才能把每节车厢连接在一起chain store 连锁店
93. food chain n. 食物链
94. permission n. 准许，许可，批准 95. 动词permit，per，每，mit, 麻省理
工大学，每个人都被准许上麻省理工大学，admit，承认，允许进入。
长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
The perfect copy 完美的复制 P42
Scientists have announced that they have cloned the first human embryo. This has caused much debate round the world.( 1. ) On the one hand, ( 2. ) some scientists point out( 3. ) that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable human tissues—such as bone or lung tissue—that could be used to ( 4. )save human lives.On the other hand, ( 5. ) many people, including some scientists, disagree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with (6. )nature in this way, we may be on our way to ( 7. )producing a real-life Frankenstein‘s monster. 科学家们宣布他们已经克隆出第一个人类胚胎。这引起了世界范围内的很多争论。一方面，一些科学家指出如果克隆人类胚胎，你就可以制造出宝贵的人体组织——如骨组织或肺组织——它们可以用来拯救人类的生命。另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的许多人持不同意见，他们担心人类如果如此戏弄自然，我们可能将制造出一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物。
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully ( 8. )from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. ( 9. )When she was born, many people were
worried that cloning would lead to ( 10. )more diseases in the animal world. However, in general( 11. )the scientists were praised for ( 12. )their wonderful scientific advance. 克隆是用某种植物或动物的细胞制造出一模一样的植物或动物。第一个成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。她1996年被克隆出来，2003年初死亡，寿命要比普通的羊短很多。当她被克隆出来的时候，许多人担心克隆会导致动物世界中更多的疾病。然而，总体来说，这些科学家还是因为其杰出的科学进展获得人们的赞誉。
Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly, is shocked that some
scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of humans. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on ( 13. )creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases( 14. )like cancer. However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of ( 15. ) destroying them shows no respect for human life. 克隆出多利的苏格兰科学家伊恩 • 威尔莫特对于有些科学家正在考虑克隆人类感到非常震惊。尽管他研究克隆技术，但他的目的从来就不是制造人类的复制品。相反，他认为克隆研究应该注重创造用于治疗的新组织和器官，这些新组织或器官能被用来治疗像癌症这样的疾病。但是，有些人认为怀着摧毁人类胚胎的意图来克隆人类胚胎是对人类生命的不尊重。
Even though( 16. )human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for Faye Wilson, a 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby. “I am anxious to have a child of my own,”she says. “I don‘t want to adopt someone else‘s child— if I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now.(17. )”尽管克隆
长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
人类引起了很多不安，但对于不能生育的41岁女销售员费依 • 威尔逊来说却是个好消息。“我渴望有一个我自己的孩子，”她说，“我不想领养别人的孩子——如果我有这个机会，我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。”
While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with( 18. ) research in order to produce a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian physician, has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being. 尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法，但一些科学家已经在加紧研究，以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。一位名叫塞韦里诺 • 安蒂诺里的意大利医生宣称他想成为第一个克隆人类的人。
In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as ( 19. ) cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment. China has succeeded in ( 20. )producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind. ( 21. ) 在中国，科学家们把精力集中在研究克隆动物上，以及用于医疗的克隆组织上。中国已经成功克隆出牛和山羊，将继续研究能够造福人类的克隆方式。
Dear Editor
I believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences. Who knows what could happen? Human life would just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale. 亲爱的编辑：
我坚信克隆人类是错误的。如果我们戏弄自然，我们就会不得不处理其后果。谁知道会发生什么呢？人类生命将变得像可以收割的庄稼或可供买卖的产品一样。
The human race is using up ( 22. )the Earth‘s natural wealth. We should be having fewer babies in order to reduce the Earth‘s population, not cloning more.
人类正在耗尽地球的自然资源。为了减少地球的人口数量，我们应该少生孩子，而不是克隆出更多的人。
I feel sorry for the lady who cannot have a baby, but I would like to ( 23. ) point out that there are many children in the world with no parents who would be delighted to( 24. ) have a mother. 我为那位不能生育的女士难过，但是我要指出的是世界上有许多没有父母的孩子，如果能有一位妈妈，他们一定非常高兴的。
Pauline Carter波琳 • 卡特
Dear Editor亲爱的编辑：
I would like to comment on ( 25. )your article, “The perfect copy”. I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic! I am in complete agreement with human cloning. After all, scientists have been challenging moral ideas for centuries. Why should we stop them now? 我想谈谈我对你们的《完美的复制》一文的看法。我想文章中提到的科技进步是了不起的。我完全
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长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
赞同克隆人类。毕竟，几个世纪以来科学家们一直在挑战道德的问题。为什么我们现在要阻止他们呢？
On a personal note, ( 26. ) cloning would totally transform my life. Seven years ago, my 10-year-old daughter died of( 27. ) heart failure. She was beautiful, cheerful and bright. I miss her every single day. If I had the chance, I would clone her immediately so that I could be with her again. ( 28. )就我个人而言，克隆将彻底改变我的生活。七年前，我十岁的女儿死于心脏病。她漂亮、快乐而聪明。我每天都在思念她。如果我有机会，我愿意立即克隆她，那样我就又可以和她在一起了。
Colin Jake科林 • 杰克
三、根据课文内容填空
Scientists have announced they have successfully cloned the 1.________(one) human embryo. It has caused much debate round the world. Some scientists point out that we can produce valuable human tissues and organs that could 2.__________ (use) to cure diseases like cancer by cloning, 3.__________ others disagree and are afraid that if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to 4._________(create) real-life problems.
Cloning is producing 5._____ exact copy of a plant 6._______ animal using its cells. The scientists who created Dolly the sheep from an adult cell were praised for their wonderful7._____(science) advance. Now some scientists are considering cloning8.______ (human). However, some people think that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying then shows o respect for life. Even though human cloning is causing a lot of 9._______(anxious). It is good news for women unable to have a baby.
In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as
10__________ as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment. China has succeeded in producing some animals and continues cloning research to benefit mankind.
四、Project课文详解
Man and nature 人类与自然 P58
For a long time, our environment has been damaged because humans have been careless. People have harmed nature through agriculture, fishing, hunting and tourism. We further damage the Earth by building new channels in the sea and factories on the land, and by creating pollution with chemical waste. We will some day destroy the planet we live on if we continue in this way. 长期以来，由于人类的漠不关心，我们的环境遭受了严重破坏。人类因农业、渔业、狩猎以及旅游业已经损害了自然。我们在海里修建新的通道，在陆地建造工厂，产生的化学废物污染环境，这些都变本加厉地在破坏地球。如果我们继续这样做，总有一天我们会毁掉我们赖以生存的星球。
However, if we focus on conservation, then people may suffer. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. 91
长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
( 1. ) Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of ( 2. ) nature? From the point of view of( 3. ) some people, we are only doing what humans have always done, using nature to meet our own needs. ( 4. ) Other people argue that such thinking may cause a catastrophe, unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits us all. 然而，如果我们只关注保护自然，人类就要受苦。并非一切对自然最好的对人类也是最好的。 会有人说为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗?根据有些人的观点，我们只是在做人类一直在做的 事情--利用自然满足我们自己的需求。还有·些人则争辩说这样的思维会带来大灾难，除非我们 开始关注周围的环境，懂得清洁的环境为什么对我们大家有益。
After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources, many developed nations ( 5. ) are now concerned about ( 6. ) saving nature rather than( 7. ) developing or destroying it. However, many poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people. In doing so, they are using up (8. ) natural resources at a fast pace ( 9. ). They have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of the environment like many wealthy nations have. Often they do not realize that the choices they make are bad for( 10. ) the environment. Should they be blamed for destroying hundreds of thousands of ( 11. ) acres of rainforest if it means a better income for their people? The developed and developing countries( 12. ) of the world need to work together to make sure that ( 13. ) people enjoy healthy and happy lives, without the environment around them suffering. 在破坏自然、用竭自然资源数十年之后，许多发达国家现在更关注保护自然，而不是发展或破 坏自然。但是，许多贫穷国家必须致力于满足其人民的日常需要。为了实现这一日标，他们正在飞 速消耗自然资源。他们还没有像许多富裕国家那样，认识到随心所欲消耗自然资源的后果。他们往 往没有意识到他们的选择有害环境。如果他们毁掉了成千上万亩的雨林，但却使他们的人民有了更好的收入，他们是否应该受到责备呢?世界上发达国家和发展中国家需要通力合作，确保人们过上富裕快乐的生活，而周边的环境也不会遭受破坏。
It should not be a question of humans winning and nature losing.Humans can only really win by protecting nature. After all, food has to be produced in a healthy, natural system, and we all need clean air to breathe and pure water to drink. It is mankind’s responsibility to find answers that are good for everyone ,and everything. ( 14. )这不应该是人类获胜、自然失败的问题。人们只有保护自然才能真正地获胜。毕竟，食物需要 在健康自然的环境系统中生长，我们都需要呼吸干净的空气，饮用纯净的水。找到对人类、对万物皆有利的解决方案，这是人类的职责。
GM food: hope or danger? 转基因食品：希望还是威胁?
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
In recent years, there has been great progress in the study of genetics. With this progress doors have been opened up to technologies that never existed before. While many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others. Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food. ( 1. )近年来，遗传学研究有了巨大的进步。由于这些进步，通向前所未有的科技之门打开了。当许 多人为这些新技术而兴奋不已时，这些技术也让其他人害怕。转基因食品就是最好的例子。
There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can be genetically modified. ( 2. ) First, new material can be inserted into its DNA to give the plant oranimal qualities which it would never have in nature. Second, material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order to remove qualities which are not desired. 可以通过两种方法改变动植物基因。第一种方法是在动植物原有的DNA中插入新的物质，这样 可以让动物或植物具有本质上没有的特性。第二种方法是移除动植物DNA原有的某些物质，这样可 以去除掉动植物原本具有的但人们不想要的一些特性。
One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier. So far, ( 2. ) this technology has been used to produce plants which are better able to defend themselves against ( 3. ) pests and disease. Supporters of GM food argue that GM plants are healthier and have larger harvests. While there has been research in GM animals such as pigs, no GM meat is being sold at present. 转基因研究的一个目的就是生产可以让我们更加健康的食品。到目前为止，这项技术已用十植 物基因改造，基凶改造后的植物能更好地抵御虫害和疾病。转基因食品的支持者认为转基因植物更 加健康，产量也更高。虽然现在也有转基因动物研究，如对猪的研究，但目前还没有转基因肉类销 售。
Many questions have been raised about GM food. No one really knows whether it is safe for animals or humans to eat.
(4. ) Scientists admit that more tests should be done on GM food. Research has been limited to increasing production profits,rather than making sure that GM foods are safe. GM food could therefore be dangerous to eat. 人们提出了许多关干转基因食品的问题。没有人真正知道转基因食品是否可供人或动物安全食用。科学家承认需要对转基因食品做更多的测试。日前的研究仅局限于增加生产利润，而不是确保 转基因食品的安全。因此食用转基因食品有可能是危险的。
There is also a question as to whether GM plants are safe for the environment.Since GM crops are planted outside, they are part of the food chain--insects and other
animals eat them or use their products, and these insects and animals will be eaten by yet other animals. No one knows what effects the GM material might have on the food chain. ( 5. )还有一个问题是转基因植物是否对环境安全。转基因作物生长在户外，因而它们成为食物链的 。一部分——昆虫以及其它动物会吃这些作物或者它们的果实，而这些
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
昆虫和动物又会被其他动物吃 掉。没有人知道转基因物质会给食物链带来什么影响。
Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe, many countries have hesitated to ( 6. ) give permission for the production of GM foods, as they would rather be cautious with( 7. ) this new technology. 由于没有人确切地知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品问题上犹豫 不决，他们宁愿对这项新技术持谨慎的态度。
五、根据课文内容改错。
1．For a long time, our environment has been damaged because humans’ carelessness. 2. Human beings further damage the Earth by building new sea channel and factories on the land.
3. If we continue in this way, and we’ll finally destroy the planet we live on 4 . It should not be question of humans winning and nature losing. 5.Human beings can only really win by protect the nature.
高二学考必背单词和短语
模块1 Unit1 （一）重点单词默写 11. 毕业；毕业生 vi. & n. 1. 有乐趣的 adj. _______________ ____________ 2. 获得；赚，vt. _______________ 12. 捐赠 vt. ____________
3. 致力于，献身 vt. _______________ 13. 通知，告知 vt. _______________ 4. 一般的，普通的；平均的 adj. 14. 批准，通过；赞成vt. & vi. __________ ___________ 5. 具有挑战性的 adj. _____________ 15. 选择，挑选 vt. _______________ 6. 额外的，外加的 （二）重点短语默写 adj._______________ 1. 免费的 _______________ 7. 准备 n._______________ 2. 爱好，喜爱 _______________ 8. 满意n. _______________ 3. 负责，掌管 _______________ 9. 交流；交换 n.& vt. 4. 回顾，回忆 _______________ _______________ 5. 利用 _______________ 10. 经历，体验 vt. ____________
模块1 Unit2
（一）重点单词默写 8. 值得；应得 vt. ______________ 1. 窗帘；幕布 n. __________ 9. 使不高兴；不高兴的 vt. 2. 受惊的；害怕的 adj. ___________ &adj______ 3. 挨饿；饿死；使挨饿 vt. & vi. 10. 粗鲁的，无礼的 adj. ___________ _______ 11. 苦干的，勤奋的 adj. 4. 现金 n. ______________ ____________ 5. 成年人 n. ______________ 12. 争吵，辩论；论点 n. 6. 容忍；允许 vt. ______________ _________ 7. 行为；举止 n. ______________ 13. 愚蠢的 adj.______________
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
14. 耐心 n. ______________ _________ 15. 平衡；抵消 n.______________ 4. 既然 ______________ （二）重点短语默写 5. 熬夜______________ 1. 迫不及待地做某事 6. 混淆，弄乱______________ _____________ 7. 好像，似乎______________ 2. 应该……，应8. 坚持，坚持认为 ______________ 当……______________ 9. 现在______________ 3. 对……苛刻，对……严厉 10. 与……一起______________
模块1 Unit 3
（一）重点单词默写 12. 专家 n. ______________ 1. 体形；数字；人物 n. 13. 尴尬的，难为情的 adj. ______________ __________ 2. 惭愧的，羞愧的 adj. ____________ 14. 身体，（器官）系统；制度 n. 3. 精力充沛的，充满活力的adj.______ _______ 4. 恢复；重新获得 vt. & vi. 15. 集中（注意力，思想等）；全神贯注 __________ vt. & vi. ______________ 5. 损害；伤害 vt. & n. ______________ （二）重点短语默写 6. 有吸引力的，有魅力的 adj. 1. 锻炼 ______________ _______ 2. 节食 ______________ 7. 压力 n. ______________ 3.（头发等）脱落 ______________ 8. 更喜欢 vt. ______________ 4. 强身健体 ______________ 9. 影响；（病毒）感染 vt. 5. 充分利用 ______________ _________ 6. 从长远角度看 ______________ 10. 器材；设备 n. ______________ 7. 事实上 ______________11. 成就 n. ______________
模2 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained
（一）重点单词默写 13. 攻击，进攻 vt. & vi. & n. 1. 存 vi. ____________ _______ 2. 假定，认为 vt. _______________ 14. 使确信，使相信 vt. ____________ 3. 故事，传说 n. _______________ 15. 足迹，踪迹 n. 4. 无法解释的，神秘的 adj.________ _______________ 5. 证据 n. _______________ （二）重点短语默写 6. 力量，力气 n. _______________ 1. 加紧，加强，促进_______________ 7. 令人惊奇（惊叹）的 adj. _________ 2. 属于 _______________ 8. 调查问卷 n. _______________ 3. 负责，掌管 _______________ 9. 适当的 adj. _______________ 4. 由于，因为 _______________ 10. 组织，筹备，安排，处理 5. 前往，到……去 _______________ vt.________ 6. 编造，杜撰；构成 _______________ 11. 生存；挺过（难关）vt. & vi.________ 7. 出现，现身 _______________ 12. 热情的，满腔热诚的 adj. 8. 调查 _______________ ________ 9. 许多，很多 _______________
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
模2 Unit2 Wish you were here （一）重点单词默写 11. 漫游，游荡；徘徊 vt. & vi. 1. 安排 vt. & vi. 12. 尘土飞扬的，满是灰尘的 adj. 2. 计划 n. & vt. 13. 美；美好的人或物 n. 3. 野生动物，野生生物 n 14. 和谐，协调，融洽 n. 4. 不舒服的 adj. 15. 冒险，冒险经历 n. 5. 日出，朝霞 n. （二）重点短语默写 6. 探索，勘探 vt. & vi. 1. 提前，预先 7. 周围的，附近的 adj. 2. 旅游景点 8. 出版，发表 vt. 3. 以防万一 9. 无限的，无休止的 adj. 4. 救生衣 10. 保护 n. 5. 靠近地
模2 Unit 3 Amazing people
（一）重点单词默写 11. 启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞 vt. 1. 探险家；勘探者 n. 12. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的 adj. 2. 呼吸 vt. & vi. 13. 品质，质量 n. 3. 国籍 n. 14. 稀有的，罕见的 adj. 4. 航行；（尤指）航海，航天 n. 15. 数据，资料 n.(pl.) 5. 不久，很快 adv. （二）重点短语默写 6. 病毒 n 1.（偶然）遇见，发现 7. 爱交际的；有好的；外向的 adj. 2. 导致，结果是 …… 8. 入口 n. 3. 起航 9. 各种各样的 adj. 4. 掌管，控制（某物） 10. 保存，保护，保持 vt. 5. 敬佩
模3 Unit 1 The world of our sense
（一）重点单词默写 11. 珠宝 n. ____________ 1. 听力，听觉 n. ____________ 12. 松动的；松开，释放 adj. & vt. ____ 2. 使糊涂，使迷惑 vt. ____________ 13. 雇佣，使用 vt. ____________ 3. 预测，预报 vt. & n. ____________ 14. 罗盘，指南针 n. ____________ 4. 无处，到处都不 adv. ____________ 15. 不像；与…… 不同adj. _________ 5. 犹豫，迟疑不决 vi. ____________ （二）重点短语默写 6. 帮助者 n. ____________ 1. 看得到；在视力范围之内_________ 7. 认识，辨认出 vt. ____________ 2. 盼望；企盼____________ 8. 轻松，宽慰 n. ____________ 3. 伸出手____________ 9. 抱有希望的 adj. ____________ 4. 留心；密切注意____________ 10. 镇静的；使平静 adj. & vt. ______ 5. 卷起来____________
模3 Unit 2 Language
（一）重点单词默写 1．词汇 n. ____________
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
2．占领 vt. ____________ 14．切实可行的 adj. ____________ 3．官方的，正式的 adj. ____________ 15．方便的 adj. ____________ 4．贡献 n. ____________ （二）重点短语默写 5．击败，战胜 vt. ____________ 1．由……组成（构成）____________ 6．替换，代替 vt. ____________ 2. 以……命名____________ 7．因此，所以 adv. ____________ 3. 除……之外____________ 8．过程，进程 n. ____________ 4. 控制；取得对……的控制9．区别，差别 n. ____________ __________ 10．关心；涉及 n. & vt. ____________ 5. 导致 ____________ 11．插嘴，打断 vi .& vt. ____________ 6. 和……不同；不同于____________ 12．代表, 展示 vt. ____________ 7. 作为整体；总体上____________13．短处，缺点 n____________
模3 Unit 3 Back to the past
（一）重点单词默写 12. 幸运的 adj.___________ 1. 文明 n___________ 13. 教育 vt.___________ 2. 讲座 n. ___________ 14. 意识到的，知道的 adj. 3.（火山等）爆发 vi. ___________ __________ 4. 装饰，装潢 vt. ___________ 15. 使腐化，使堕落 vt.__________ 5. 学者 n. ___________ （二）重点短语默写 6. 研究者 n. ___________ 1. 夺取，接管__________ 7. 毁坏，摧毁 vt. ___________ 2. 纪念___________ 8. 在……之下 prep. ___________ 3. 无疑，确实__________ 9. 观众，听众 n. ___________ 4. ，反抗___________ 10. 表达，表情 n. ___________ 5. 阻碍（某人）___________ 11. 仪式，典礼 n. ___________ 6. 患（病） ___________
模4 Unit 1 Advertising （一）重点单词默写 13．讨价还价；便宜货vi., vt. & n.______ 1．广告；广告宣传 n.__________ 14．确定，查明；决定 vi. & vt. ________ 2．说服；使信服 vi. & vt.__________ 15．做出反应，回应 vi.__________ 3．清白的；纯真的 adj. _________ （二）重点短语默写 4．治愈；解决 vt. ___________ 1．旨在；目的是 ______ 5．心理的；精神的 adj. __________ 2．上……的当 _____ 6．全国范围的 adj. __________ 3．涉及；处理__________ 7．香烟 n. _______ 4．弄清楚；计算出_____ 8．使受益；益处vt. & n.______ 5．吸引；迎合__________ 9．推广；促销 vt. _______ 6．死于 __________ 10．推荐 vt. _________ 7. 虽然，即使___________ 11．设计vt. & n. __________ 8. 把……传达_____ 12．更新vt. _________ 9. 欺骗，捉弄___________
模4 Unit 2 Sporting events
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
长沙县三中 • 牛津高中英语词汇课文详解
（一）重点单词默写 11. 球门；目标 n. _____________ 1. 愉快的；高兴的 adj. 12. 击球；射击 n. _____________
_____________ 13. 不公正的 adj. _____________ 2. 比赛；竞争 vi. _____________ 14. 与此同时；在此期间 adv. 3. 缺席；不在场 n. _____________ ________ 4. 尝试；努力 vt. & n. _____________ 15. 愤愤不平的；味苦的 adj. 5. 运输 vt. & n. _____________ ________ 6. 否则；要不然 adv. _____________ 16. （二）重点短语默写 7. 起源, 起因；出身 n. 17. 向……表示敬意
_____________ ______________ 8. 频繁的，经常发生的 adj. 18. 领头；带路______________
_________ 19. 坚持______________ 9. 去除；免除 vt. _____________ 20. 转交；传递______________ 10. 力量；权力 n. _____________ 21. 给……让路______________
模4 Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world
（一）重点单词默写 ___________ 1．使惊奇 vt. ______________ 12．漂流 vi. & vt. ______________ 2．社交的；社会的 adj. ____________ 13．逃离；避免 vi. & vt. 3．自信的；信心十足的 adj. _________ ___________ 4. 伤害、损害 vi. & vt. ____________ 14．破旧的；疲惫的 adj. ____________ 5．生物（学）n. ______________ 15．印象；感想 n. _____________ 6．城市的 adj. ______________ （二）重点短语默写 7．控告；谴责 vt. ______________ 1．使增加______________ 8．不断的；恒定的 adj. _____________ 2．提出（观点、议案等）9．起作用；功能 vt. & n. ____________ ____________ 10．包装；包裹 vt. & n. 3．至于，关于______________ _________ 4．最后但同样重要的是11．雇用；租借 vi. & vt. ____________
模5 Unit 1 Getting along with others
（一）重点单词默写 8．道歉 vi.________ 1．假装，装扮 vi & vt. 9．易生气的，敏感的；体贴的 _____________ adj.__ 2．愉快的, 高兴的 a. _____________ 10．有天赋的 adj._________ 3．承认；允许进入 vi. & vt. 11．话题 n. ____________ _________ 12．克服 vt. ______ 4．发誓 vi. & vt. _____________ 13．态度，看法 n. ______________ 5．集中注意力于 vi. & vt. 焦点；重14．做出反应，回应 点 n ____________ vi.____________ 6．内疚的；有罪的 adj. 15．全世界adv. & adj. ________ _____________ （二）重点短语默写 7．争吵，争论 vi. ，____________ 1．暗中监视，窥探 ___________
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长沙县三中•高二英语备课组
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