大学英语六级模拟试卷851(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级模拟试卷851 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. Translation

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Online Virtual Assets Be Protected by Law? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．是否应该将网络虚拟财产列入受法律保护的范围引起热议2．人们对此有不同的看法3．我认为…… Should Online Virtual Assets Be Protected by Law?

正确答案： Should Online Virtual Assets Be Protected by Law? Now the popularity of online computer games has enjoyed a tremendous growth especially among the young people over recent years. In the meantime, whether online virtual assets resulting from online games should be protected by laws and regulations raises public concern. On the one hand, people support it hold that online virtual assets resulting from games cost owners lots of time and energy, so like other common products, they have intrinsic value and should undoubtedly be protected by law. On the other hand, however, other people, though not against it think that it is difficult to protect online virtual assets by laws or regulations, because there is no relevant laws or regulations to protect them until now. Therefore, they quite doubt about its operability. As far as I am concerned, online virtual assets should be protected by law. However, it will take a long time to perfect the system of the protection of virtual assets.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.

The Advantages of Being Helpless At every stage of early development, human babies lag behind infants from other species. A kitten can walk slowly across a room within moments of birth and catch its first mouse within weeks, while its human counterpart takes months to make her first step, and years to learn even simple tasks, such as how to tie a shoelace or skip a rope. Yet, in the cognitive race, human babies turn out to be much like the tortoise(乌龟)in Aesop’s fable: emerging triumphant after a slow and steady climb to the finish. Yet, this victory seems puzzling. In the fable, the tortoise wins the race because the hare takes a nap.

But, if anything, human infants nap even more than kittens! And unlike the noble tortoise, babies are helpless, and more to the point, hopeless. They could not learn the basic skills necessary to their independent survival. How do human babies manage to turn things around in the end? In a recent article in Current Directions in Psychological Science, Sharon Thompson-Schill, Michael Ramscar and Evangelia Chrysikou make the case that this very helplessness is what allows human babies to advance far beyond other animals. They propose that our delayed cortical development(皮质发育)is precisely what enables us to acquire the cultural building blocks, such as language, that make up the foundations of human achievement. In the same way, they suggest, our ability to learn language comes at the price of an extended period of cognitive immaturity. This claim hinges on a peculiar and unique feature of our cognitive architecture: the stunningly slow development of the prefrontal cortex(前额皮质), or PFC. The PFC is often referred to as the “control” center of the brain. One of its main functions is of selectively filtering information from the senses, allowing us to attend to specific actions, goals, or tasks. For this reason, “cognitive control” tasks are thought to be one of the best assessors of PFC function and maturity. The Stroop task(斯特鲁法)serves as a simple assessor of PFC function in adults. The task involves naming the ink color of a contrasting color word: for example, you might see the word “red” written in green ink, in which case you have to say “ green. “ Tricky or not, healthy adults can successfully complete the task with only minor hesitation. Children, with their immature PFC’s, are a different story. Typically, the younger children are, the worse they are at solving Stroop-like tasks, and under the age of four, they outright fail them. While young children are sensitive, apt learners, and often appear to fully understand what is being asked of them, they are unable to mediate the conflicting demands present in these sorts of tasks, and thus fail them, time and time again. Three-year olds simply cannot direct how they attend to or respond to the world. Thompson-Schill and her colleagues suggest that this inability to direct attention has important consequences when it comes to learning about uncertain events. For example, imagine you are playing a guessing game: You have to choose one of two options, either A or B, one of which leads to a prize, and the other does not. After a few rounds, you notice that about 3/4 of the time the prize is at A, and the rest of the time it is at B, so you decide to guess “A” 75 percent of the time and “B” 25 percent of the time. This is called probability matching, and it is the response pattern most adults tend to adopt in these circumstances. However, if the goal is to win the most prizes, it is not the best strategy. In fact, to maximize the number of correct predictions, you should always pick the more frequent outcome(or, in this case, always pick “ A”). Interestingly, if you were playing this kind of guessing game with a kid, you would see that he would employ the maximization strategy almost immediately because they lack the cognitive flexibility that would allow them to alternate between A and B. Fortunately for them, in this guessing game scenario, maximization is the right choice. While it may not be immediately obvious what this has to do with language learning, it just might have everything to do with it, because language relies on conventions. In order for language to work, speakers and listeners have to have the same idea about what things

mean, and they have to use words in similar ways. This is where children come in. Young children, as it turns out, act like finely tuned antennas(天线), picking up the dominant frequency in their surroundings and ignoring the static. Because of this—because children tend to pick up on what is common and consistent, while ignoring what is variable and unreliable—they end up homing in on and reproducing only the most frequent patterns in what they hear. In doing so they fail to learn many of the subtleties and characteristics present in adult speech(they will come to learn or invent those later). However, this one-track learning style means that what they do learn is highly conventionalized. The superiority of children’s convention learning has been revealed in a series of ingenious studies by psychologists Carta Hudson-Kam and Elissa Newport, who tested how children and adults react to variable and inconsistent input when learning an artificial language. Strikingly, Hudson-Kam and Newport found that while children tended to ignore “noise” in the input, systematizing any variations they were exposed to, adults did just the opposite, and reproduced the variability they encountered. Children’s inability to filter their learning allows them to impose order on variable, inconsistent input, and this appears to play a crucial part in the establishment of stable linguistic norms. Studies of deaf children have shown that even when parental attempts at sign are error-prone and inconsistent, children still extract the conventions of a standard sign language from them. Indeed, the variable patterns produced by parents who learn sign language offers insight into what might happen if children did not maximize in learning: language, as a system, would become less conventional. What words meant and the patterns in which they were used would become more unstable, and all languages would begin to resemble pidgins(混杂语言). While no language is completely stable, there is a balance to be struck between an individual’s expressivity and the conventions that underpin it, and children clearly play an important role in maintaining this balance. Children may learn the established characteristics of their community, but they do so only because these forms are stable in their input. They are unlikely to adopt highly unusual or characteristic forms or sequences that they’ve heard only rarely, and when they themselves make errors, they are similarly unlikely to incorporate these errors into their language use over the long run. Individual societies are built upon these kinds of cultural and linguistic conventions, and a vast array of them. As social animals, human babies must somehow master not just “ culture and language,” but the specifics of their culture, and their language. Explaining how babies manage to learn all of this information is a formidable task. The research reviewed here reveals one advantage that nature may have conferred on human infants: when it comes to convention learning, children’s inability to think unconventionally or flexibly may be of huge benefit. Indeed, a number of neurological studies suggest that children who often exhibit marked language delays and characteristic language development experience a massive overgrowth of the prefrontal cortex over the first two years of life.

2． Human babies are compared to the tortoise in Aesop’s fable because______.

A．they share a similar process in their respective races B．they both are hindered in cognitive ability development C．they both failed after a slow and steady climb to the finish D．they both succeeded in the cognitive race

正确答案：A

3． A recent article by Sharon Thompson - Schill, Michael Ramscar and Evangelia Chrysikou shows that______.

A．helplessness enables human babies to develop better than other animals

B．our cortical development is delayed for us to acquire the cultural building blocks

C．language makes up the foundations of human achievement

D．we experience an extended period of immaturity for language learning

正确答案：A

4． Which of the following is true of the prefrontal cortex(PTC)? A．Specific actions, goals or tasks have nothing to do with it. B．It serves as one of the best assessor of the brain.

C．It sometimes helps to select information from the senses.

D．Its function and maturity can be assessed by “cognitive control” tasks.

正确答案：D

5． When it comes to Stroop task, ______.

A．children and adults have similar performance B．children perform better than healthy adults C．it is too tricky for healthy adults to complete it D．age makes great difference

正确答案：D

6． In the guessing game which requires to choose either A or B, ______. A．you should always choose A in order to win the most prizes B．you should choose A 75% of the time and B 25% of the time

C．adults employ the maximization strategy for lacking cognitive flexibility D．this inability to direct attention turns out to be a disadvantage

正确答案：A

7． In terms of language learning, ______.

A．children tend to pick up the uncommon and inconsistent

B．children are more likely to learn the most frequently used phrases

C．the more static it is, the more likely to be picked up by children

D．the more variable and unreliable are often more attractive to children

正确答案：B

8． According to Carla Hudson-Kam and Elissa Newport, when learning an artificial language, ______.

A．children are exposed to more “noise” input

B．children are immune to variable and inconsistent input

C．children and adults react differently to variable and inconsistent input D．adults tend to ignore the variability they encounter

正确答案：C

9． Studies of deaf children have shown children can still learn the conventions of a sign language even if the signs used by their parents are______.

正确答案：error-prone and inconsistent

10． Children play an important role in maintaining the balance between an individual’s_______and the conventions that underlies it.

正确答案：expressivity

11． While learning conventions, it is greatly beneficial to children to be unable to think______

正确答案：unconventionally or flexibly

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.

听力原文：M: I do like those colorful birds. I think you can teach them to talk.W: Yes. But they are too expensive. Frankly, I’d rather buy a parrot here.Q: Where did this conversation take place?

12．

A．In a zoo. B．In a park. C．In a pet store.

D．In a museum.

正确答案：C

听力原文：M: Cathy, did you see Susan in the business office? I have some urgent matters to negotiate with her at present. W: Yes, she was applying for a student loan. Q: What was Susan doing?

13．

A．Lending something to a student. B．Asking for some financial aid. C．Reading a student’s application. D．Borrowing money for a business.

正确答案：B

听力原文：W: Why do we always have to argue about money? I would rather go out and spend it all so that we wouldn’t have to argue about it.M: If it wasn’t money, you’d argue about something else. I think you enjoy arguments.Q: According to the man, which statement best describes the woman?

14．

A．She spends too much money. B．She likes money too much.

C．She enjoys going out for shopping. D．She likes to argue about anything.

正确答案：D

听力原文：W: There is nothing I like more than a good mystery novel when I have got some spare time. What about you? M: I like reading, too, but I prefer non-fiction. Q: What can we know about the man?

15．

A．He doesn’t have time to read. B．He has no reading preference. C．He prefers non-fiction novels. D．He likes to read a mystery novel.

正确答案：C

听力原文：M: Have you and your family lived in Chicago for a long time? W: Oh, no. We lived there just for two years. Then we moved to Seattle where my oldest child was born because my husband was teaching there. Q: What did the woman say about life in Chicago?

16．

A．Her husband was teaching there.

B．She was born there.

C．Her child was born there.

D．She has lived there for two years.

正确答案：D

听力原文：M: Jenny, remember this: A job worth doing at all is worth doing well. W: Oh, yes. I certainly won’t forget it. But don’t expect me to stick to the job just because it pays a few more bucks. A life of continued exploration is a life worth living. Q: What does the woman mean?

17．

A．She will do her best to continue the present job. B．She prefers a life of continued exploration. C．She will stick to the job if the pay is good. D．She doesn’t think much of job-hopping.

正确答案：B

听力原文：M: I’m here for the job you advertised in the paper. W: You need one of those application forms over there, on the table next to the filing cabinet. Q: What will the man do?

18．

A．Fill in the application form. B．Apply for a different position. C．File the paper in the cabinet.

D．Show her the ad in the newspaper.

正确答案：A

听力原文：W: Do you have David’s telephone number in Paris? M: Not yet. But he promised to send it to me as soon as he had a phone installed. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

19．

A．The woman has lost David’s phone number. B．The man wants to install a phone. C．David will keep his promise.

D．David hasn’t sent the man his phone number.

正确答案：D

听力原文：M: Good afternoon! University International Language Centre. How can I help you? W: (19)I’m interested in doing a language course. I’d like to do French. Can you give me some information about what courses are available at your

center and when they start, that sort of thing? M: Yes, of course. Well, we actually offer a number of courses in French at different levels. Are you looking for full time or part time? W: Oh! I couldn’t manage full time as I work every day, but weekends would be fine and certainly preferable to evenings.M: Well, we don’t offer courses in the evenings, anyway, but let me run through your options.(20)We have a 16-week intensive course four hours and two hours on every Saturday and Sunday. That’s our crash course! Or an 8-month course two nights a week.W: (20)I think the crash course would suit me best as I’ll be leaving for France in six months’ time.M: Are you a beginner?W: Not a complete beginner, no!M: Well...we offer the courses at three levels, beginners, lower intermediate and upper intermediate. Although we don’t always run them all, it depends very much on demand.W: (21)I’d probably be at the lower intermediate level as I did some French at school but that was ages ago.M: Right, the next Level Two course begins on Saturday 12 th October. There are still some places on that one otherwise you’d have to wait until January or March.W: No, I’d prefer the next course.M: Right!19. What are the speakers mainly discussing?20. Which course does the woman want to take?21. What does the woman say about her French?

20．

A．Ways to learn foreign languages well.

B．Information about language learning courses. C．Comparison of full-time and part-time courses. D．Plans for future learning of French.

正确答案：B

21．

A．Level Two course beginning on Saturday in October. B．Full-time courses taken in evenings. C．An 8-month course two nights a week.

D．Intensive course on every Saturday and Sunday.

正确答案：D

解析：对话中，男士给出几个选择之后，女士说自己每天都要工作，所以会选择每周六和周日上的加强班，故答案为D)。

22．

A．She is a complete beginner.

B．She is at the lower intermediate level. C．She is an upper-intermediate learner.

D．She doesn’t really know which level she is at.

正确答案：B

解析：对话中，男士询问女士的法语水平处在什么状态，女士说原来学过一些，但是已经是很久之前的事了，所以现在应该是中级的水平，故答案为B)。

听力原文：M: So how come you chose psychology?W: Well, at first I didn’t have any clear idea of what I wanted to do after university. I didn’t say to myself “I want to be a clinical psychologist or a researcher or anything like that. “(22)I suppose I have just always been interested in people and the way they act.M: And what was the course like?W: It was just great. The whole course was based on a problem solving approach. (23)The teachers were all really friendly and they had this special approach to teaching, which is my favorite part.M: I see from your CV that you graduated in 2005 and after that, let me see...W: I got a job with the department of employment. It was only a temporary thing for about six months. Then I got my first job. (24)I designed questionnaires and things like that for surveys that they carried out. And I guess the psychology course at college helped me a lot.M: So why did you leave?W: Well, four years is a long time to be asking people questions. You know those sorts of questions about washing powder and shampoo.(25)I felt that while I could do it well, now I want to do something else that’s a little different. It just wasn’t challenging for me any more. So I decided to move when I heard about the position of Senior Researcher here at institute I knew that’s exactly what I want.22. Why did the woman want to learn psychology?23. What did the woman like most about the course she learned?24. What did the woman do for her first job?25. Why did the woman decide to quit her first job?

23．

A．She wanted to be a psychology researcher. B．She wanted to be a clinical psychologist. C．She liked to be a problem solver.

D．She was interested in people’s behavior.

正确答案：D 解析：在对话中，女士认为学心理学的原因是她对人们以及他们的行为方式感兴趣，故答案为D)。

24．

A．The scope covered by the course. B．The practice orientation of the course.

C．Teachers’ teaching method and friendliness. D．Teachers’ flexibility in teaching.

正确答案：C

解析：对话中，男士问女士课程怎么样，女士告诉他老师很友好，他们有特殊的教学方法，故答案为C)。

25．

A．Designed various questionnaires. B．Made surveys in factories.

C．Made analysis on statistics. D．Wrote reports about products.

正确答案：A

解析：在对话中，女士提到她的第一份工作，她常常设计一些调查表，故答案为A)。

26．

A．She was unsatisfied with the salary. B．She didn’t like the changeable job.

C．She wanted something more challenging. D．She failed to get a promotion.

正确答案：C

解析：在对话的最后，女士提到她想做些不同的事情，因为原来的工作对于她来说已经没有任何挑战性了，故答案为C)。

Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Home security, of course, refers to making sure that no one can enter your home without your permission. I’ve put together a list of do’s and don’ts that you should follow. The least secure point in any home, and the place that thieves most often use to gain entry to your home, is the windows. Therefore, make sure you fit secure locks to all the windows in your home. And don’t forget the small ones either. Now the main point of entry into any home is, of course, the front door.(31)Therefore, a good, sturdy wooden door is essential, as well as a good quality lock that can be locked from the outside by the means of a key. But avoid doors with glass in them. Glass can easily be broken allowing a burglar access to the main lock. And a good quality burglar alarm is also a good investment. Of course, most people generally take a holiday once a year. Therefore, when you do go away for any length of time, even if it’s only for a few days, there are certain precautions that you should take. For instance, if you have a newspaper delivered in the morning make sure(32)you cancel the delivery for the time that you are away. And the same for other items such as milk for bread. Also contact the post office. Tell them that you will be away and ask them to leave your mail with a neighbor. But do ask your neighbor’s permission first! 30. What is the least secure point in the house?31. What is essential to prevent others entering your house without your permission?32. What precautions should we take before going on holiday?

27．

A．The windows. B．The front door.

C．The living room. D．The back door.

正确答案：A 解析：文章在开头部分提到，在所有房屋巾最不安全的地方就是小偷们经常进入的地方，也就是窗户，故答案为A)。

28．

A．Having doors with glass in them. B．Having a good quality lock. C．Hiring a strong gatekeeper. D．Having a good neighbor.

正确答案：B

解析：文章中提到，一个坚固的木板门和一把好锁都是很关键的。可见防止他人进入的方法之一是安装一把好锁，故答案为B)。

29．

A．Leave all the things to your neighbor to look after.

B．Tell the post office to keep the mail until you come back. C．Cancel the delivery during the time you are not at home. D．Make sure there will be always someone in the house.

正确答案：C

解析：文章最后一段给出了外出度假前需要注意的一些事项，其中包括，如果你订了早上送来的报纸，那就在你离开的这段时间取消送报纸，故答案为C)。

听力原文： Whales are huge, but difficult to see, which adds to their mystery and fascination. They are highly intelligent animals with an elaborate social life, no possessions and the complete freedom of movement in three dimensions. Blue Whales are difficult to weigh because of their size, nevertheless, at up to 200 tons, even an “ ordinary” sized whale is a vast and impressive creature. Their tongues can weigh as much as an elephant. Their heart weighs as much as an automobile, quite a size! As their names suggested, blue whales look true blue underwater, but on the surface their coloring is more like blue-gray. Their underbellies take on a yellowish color from the millions of microorganisms that take up residence in their skin. Blue whales live in all the world’s oceans, occasionally swimming in small groups but usually alone or in pairs. They often spend summers feeding in polar waters and undertake lengthy migrations towards the Equator as winter arrives. These graceful swimmers cruise the ocean at more than five miles an hour, but accelerate to more than 20 miles an hour when they are angry. Blue whales are among the loudest animals on the planet.(35)They emit a series of pulses, groans, and moans, and it’s thought that, in good conditions, blue whales can hear each other up to 1,000 miles away. Scientists think they use these methods not only to communicate , but, along

with their excellent hearing, to navigate the lightless ocean depths.33. Why are blue whales difficult to weigh?34. Why do we call the animals blue whales?35. Why can blue whales communicate with each other in a long distance?

30．

A．They are highly intelligent animals. B．They are too huge to measure. C．They are blue and difficult to see.

D．They can move in three dimensions freely.

正确答案：B

解析：文章在开头部分提到，很难测量蓝鲸的体重是因为其体型庞大，故答案为B)。

31．

A．They look true blue underwater. B．They look blue on the surface. C．They have blue underbellies. D．They have blue microorganisms.

正确答案：A

解析：文章中提到，正如它们的名字所暗示的那样，蓝鲸在水下看起来是蓝色的，故答案为A)。

32．

A．They can emit a series of pulses, groans, and moans. B．They can cruise the ocean at more than 20 miles an hour. C．They can navigate the lightless ocean depths.

D．They can swim very fast and have excellent hearing.

正确答案：A 解析：文章中提到，它们发出一系列的脉冲和呻吟般的声音，在好的情况下，蓝鲸可以在1 000英里以外的地方听到彼此的声音。科学家认为它们用这种方法相互联系，故答案为A)。

听力原文： Many of the Dutch expressions heard in American English were first used in England in the 17th century.(32)That was a time of fierce naval competition between England and the Netherlands. At that time, the British used Dutch as a word for something bad, false or mistaken. Some of those old expressions are still used today, with a little different meaning. “Dutch Treat” is one example. Long ago. a “ Dutch Treat” was a dinner at which the invited guests were expected to pay for their own share of the food and drink. Now, “ Dutch Treat” means that when friends go out to have fun, each person pays his own share. Another common expression heard a few years ago was “ in Dutch”.(33)If someone told you

that you were “ in Dutch” , they were telling you that you were in trouble. Some of the Dutch expressions heard in American English have nothing to do with the Dutch people at all. In the 1700s, Germans who moved to the United States often were called Dutch.(34)This happened because of mistakes in understanding and saying the word Deutsch, the German word for German. Families of these German people still live in the eastern United States, many in the state of Pennsylvania. They are known as the Pennsylvania Dutch. President Theodore Roosevelt once noted that anything foreign and non-English was called Dutch. One expression still in use—to talk to someone like a “ Dutch uncle” —did come from the Dutch.(35)The Dutch were known for the firm way they raised their children. So if someone speaks to you like a “Dutch uncle” , he is speaking in a very severe way. And you should listen to him carefully!32. Why did Dutch expressions appear in English?33. What does the phrase “in Dutch” mean?34. Why did American call Germans Dutch in the 18th century?35. What can we learn from this passage?

33．

A．Because Americans used them very often in the 17th century.

B．Because England wanted to win the naval competition against the Netherlands.

C．Because British people used them for things that were not good to hear. D．Because American people hated the Dutch people.

正确答案：C

34．

A．It means you are in another country. B．It means you are in a bad mood. C．It means you have made a mistake.

D．It means you have some trouble to handle.

正确答案：D

35．

A．Because they came to the United States from the Netherlands. B．Because they spoke Dutch.

C．Because Deutsch sounded like Dutch.

D．Because Deutsch was the full spelling of Dutch.

正确答案：C

36．

A．The old Dutch expressions had the same meaning as before. B．One person will pay the whole bill in a Dutch treat. C．The Dutch live only in the state of Pennsylvania. D．The Dutch parents are very strict with their kids.

正确答案：D

Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the

听力原文： New York is the most populous(人口多的)city in the United States, in a metropolitan area that ranks among the world’s most-populous urban areas. It is a leading global city,(36)exerting a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, and(37)entertainment. The city is also an important center for international affairs, hosting the United Nations headquarters. Located on the Atlantic coast of the Northeastern United States, the city(38)consists of five distinct area. New York is largely(39)unique among American cities for its high use of mass transit, and the overall density and(40)diversity of its population. The city is sometimes(41)referred to as “The City That Never Sleeps” due to its(42)extensive 24-hour subway system and constant traffic and people. Pounded as a(43)commercial trading post by the Dutch in 1624, it served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790, and has been the nation’s largest city since 1790.(44)The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America in the late 19 th and early 20th centuries. Wall Street has been a dominant global financial center since World War II.(45)Today, the city has many renowned landmarks and neighborhoods that are world famous. The city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world, including the Empire State Building and the twin towers of the former World Trade Center.(46)New York is the birthplace of many cultural movements in literature and visual art, abstract expressionism in painting, and hip hop, disco, music,etc.

New York is the most populous(人口多的)city in the United States, in a metropolitan area that ranks among the world’s most-populous urban areas. It is a leading global city,【B1】______ a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, and【B2】______. The city is also an important center for international affairs, hosting the United Nations headquarters. Located on the Atlantic coast of the Northeastern United States, the city【B3】______of five distinct area. New York is largely【B4】______among American cities for its high use of mass transit, and the overall density and【B5】______of its population. The city is sometimes【B6】______to as “The City That Never Sleeps” due to its【B7】______24-hour subway system and constant traffic and people. Founded as a【B8】______trading post by the Dutch in 1624, it served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790, and has been the nation’s largest city since 1790.【B9】______. Wall Street has been a dominant global financial center since World War II.【B10】______. The city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world, including the Empire State

Building and the twin towers of the former World Trade Center.【B11】______, and hip hop, disco, music, etc.

37． 【B1】

正确答案：exerting

38． 【B2】

正确答案：entertainment

39． 【B3】

正确答案：consists

40． 【B4】

正确答案：unique

41． 【B5】

正确答案：diversity

42． 【B6】

正确答案：referred

43． 【B7】

正确答案：extensive

44． 【B8】

正确答案：commercial

45． 【B9】

正确答案：The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America in the late 19 th and early 20th centuries

46． 【B10】

正确答案：Today, the city has many renowned landmarks and neighborhoods

that are world famous

47． 【B11】

正确答案：New York is the birthplace of many cultural movements in literature and visual art, abstract expressionism in painting

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Population growth will mean over 100 million more people in the United States over the next four decades who will need energy and water to survive. Economic growth compounds that trend, as per-capita energy and water consumption tend to increase with development. Climate-change models also suggest that droughts and heat waves may be more frequent and severe. Thankfully, there are some solutions. The government can collect, maintain and make available accurate, updated and comprehensive water data. The Energy Information Administration maintains an extensive database of information on energy production, consumption, trade and price. Unfortunately, there is no equivalent set of data for water. Consequently, investors, analysts and policy makers lack the information they need to make informed decisions about power plant sitting or cooling technologies. The government should also invest in water-related research and development to seek better air-cooling systems for power plants, waterless techniques for hydraulic fracturing(水力压裂), and bio-fuels that do not require freshwater irrigation. We should encourage the use of reclaimed water for irrigation, industry and the cooling of equipment at industrial operations. These steps typically spare a significant amount of energy and cost. The use of dry and hybrid(混合)wet-dry cooling towers that require less water should be encouraged at power plants, since not all of them need wet cooling all the time. As power plants upgrade their cooling methods to ones that are less water-intensive, these operations can save significant volumes of water. Most important, conservation should be encouraged, since water conservation results in energy conservation, and vice versa. New carbon emissions standards can also help save water. A plan proposed by the Obama administration would encourage utilities to choose less carbon- and water-intensive fuels. Conventional coal plants, which are very thirsty, exceed the standards proposed by the President. But relatively clean, and water-lean, power plants that use wind, solar panels and natural gas combined cycle, would meet them. Thus, by enforcing C02 limits, a lot of water use can be avoided. Because rivers and aquifers(蓄水层)can span many states, because there is no alternative to water, and because water represents a critical vulnerability for our energy system, governments at all levels have a stake in working with industry to find solutions.

48． The already tough trend in energy and water consumption will be worsened with______

正确答案：economic growth 解析：本题考查是什么使得原本就紧张的能源和水资源恶化。定位句和题干中都提到了trend，energy andwater consumption，题干中的women对应定位句中的compounds，由于women使用的是被动语态，故题干中with的宾语就是定位句中compounds的主语，答案为economic growth。

49． Wise decisions about power plant sitting or cooling technologies require______.

正确答案：accurate．updated and comprehensive water data 解析：本题考查做出有关发电厂选址或者冷却技术方面的明智决定所需要的条件。第三段末句提到投资者、分析员和决策者缺乏他们所需的信息来做出这些明智决定。由此可知，只要找出他们所需的信息是什么，就可定位答案。联系本段前几句可知，能源信息管理局维护着一个庞大的数据库，涵盖了能源生产、消耗、贸易及定价。可惜的是，在水资源方面却没有同样完善的数据。作者还在本段第一句建议收集、维护并公开准确、更新、全面的水文数据，由此可知，做出明智决定所需要的就是作者建议的准确、更新、全面的水文数据，故答案为accurate，upda-ted and comprehensive water data。

50． The author recommends______ for irrigation, industry and the cooling of industrial equipment to save a large amount of energy and cost.

正确答案：the use of reclaimed water

解析：本题考查作者针对灌溉、工业及工业设备冷却所提出的建议。题干中的recommends对应定位句中的encourage，而其他内容基本是原文的照搬，故答案为the use of reclaimed water。

51． Under the plan proposed by the Obama administration, less carbon- and water-intensive fuels will be encouraged to meet______.

正确答案：new carbon emissions standards

解析：本题考查奥巴马提议的计划的影响。由空格前的meet可推测空格处应填入与“需求、标准”等相关的内容。由定位句可知，奥巴马鼓励使用低碳、节约水资源的燃料，而这可以帮助满足新的碳排放标准，故答案为new carbon emissions standards。

52． According to the author, it’s urgent to solve water’s ______ for our energy system.

正确答案：critical vulnerability

解析：本题考查为保护能源系统急需做的事。由定位句可知，水资源是能源系统中最脆弱、最关键的一部分，因而需要和企业一起寻求解决办法。题干中的water’s对应原文中的water represents，故答案为critical vulnerability。

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

A surge in gun-safety classes is occurring as states relax laws regarding carrying guns. A growing number of people—many of them women—are acquiring guns for self-protection, says Don Cates, a retired professor at the Saint Louis University School of Law who has studied the issue of gun control extensively. Cates says increased interest from women is a significant factor. “ Women used to be told that owning a gun is a man’s thing,” Cates says. “ That is not the case anymore because women are being told that they should be able to defend themselves. “ The issue of gun rights has jumped back into the spotlight after two recent mass shootings—the July 20 assault on an Aurora, Colo. , movie theater that killed 12 and Sunday’s attack on a Sikh temple in Wisconsin that left 7 dead, including the gunman. To accommodate the increased number of students attending gun classes, the National Rifle Association has certified 5,000 additional instructors since April 2011, adding to the almost 150,000 instructors already working. Greg Block, a law enforcement instructor for city, county, state and federal agencies, says he has noticed a “dramatic” increase in class attendance since 2008. He says he now instructs about 100 individuals per month. Last November, Wisconsin became the 49th state to allow people to carry concealed weapons, leaving Illinois the only state to forbid the practice, says Bill Brassard, director of communications at the National Shooting Sports Foundation. Caroline Brewer, spokeswoman for the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, says carrying guns in public endangers more lives than it saves. “ No matter how much gun training an average American might have, it pales in comparison to the rigorous gun training that we demand of law enforcement officers, and thousands of innocent Americans die every year because of the paranoid(偏执)mentality and lack of meaningful training,” she says. Patrick Egan, an assistant professor of politics at New York University, says the USA is actually at an all-time low for per-capita gun ownership. In the 1970s, one in two households had a gun; now it’s about one in three. “ Our attention is drawn to violence and gun ownership in the wake of these big shootings,” he says. “But it shouldn’t lead us to lose sight of the fact that we’re also in a time when gun violence is at 40-year lows. “ Massacres such as the ones in Colorado and Wisconsin “tend to be followed by a legitimate surge in fear of gun violence and a surge of interest in guns and gun safety—and probably gun ownership,” Egan says. Such increases tend to disappear in the face of long-term gun-ownership trends.

53． What does Cates say about the gun issue?

A．The states have been forced to amend laws about carrying guns. B．Women have raised awareness of self-protection with guns. C．Increasing interest in guns has led to two serious shootings.

D．An increased number of women have attended gun-safety classes.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。本题考查凯茨对支问题的看法。定位句指出，凯茨认为女性对支的兴趣增加，并且意识到她们应该有能力保护自己。此外，文章第二段中提到，越来越多的人尤其是女性开始用进行自我保护，故答案为B)。A)“州被迫修改有关支携带的法规”，文章第一段只是提到各州放宽了有关支携带的法规，A)属于推断过度，故排除；C)“人们对支越来越浓的兴趣引发了两起严重的杀案”，文章第四段提到两起杀案的发生使得支问题又回到了人们的视线，C)与原文逻辑关系相反，故排除；D)“越来越多的女性参加支安全类培训课程”，文章并未提及，故排除。

54． According to the passage, Greg Block______. A．has trained 5,000 gun instructors since April 2011

B．has witnessed a huge rise in gun-safety class attendance C．has strongly opposed carrying guns in public D．has assigned work to 150,000 gun instructors

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。本题考查有关格雷格·布洛克的情况。定位句提到，格雷格·布洛克注意到，自2008年起，支课的报名人数有了巨大增长。B)中的witnessed，huge rise分别对应定位句中的noticed和dramatic increase，故为答案。A)“自2011年4月以来，已经培养了5 000名支教练”，第五段提到，美国步协会已经另外认证了5 000名支教练，而非格雷格·布洛克所为，故排除；C)“强烈反对在公共场合携带支”是卡洛琳·布鲁尔的观点，故排除；D)“给15万名支教练指派工作”是对第五段内容的杂糅，故排除。

55． What does Caroline Brewer say about gun ownership? A．It seems more important to women than to men.

B．It requires strict gun training from law enforcement officers. C．It gives rise to more paranoid mentality in America. D．It puts more people in danger than expected.

正确答案：D

解析：观点态度题。本题考查卡洛琳·布鲁尔对支携带的观点。定位段提到，卡洛琳·布鲁尔认为在公共场合携带支所危害的生命比它所能保护的更多。换言之，支携带危害的生命比预想的要多，故D)为答案。A)“支携带对女人更重要”文章并未提及，故排除；B)“需要接受来自执法人员的严格培训”，文章第九段提到，不管一个普通的美国人可能接受多少支方面的培训，跟我们对执法人员所要求的严格的支培训相比，都显得很苍白，B)是对文章意思的误

解，可排除；C)“导致美国更多偏执狂的产生”，文章第九段提到，偏执症和缺乏严格的支培训导致很多无辜的美国人死亡，C)不符合原文逻辑，故排除。

56． Patrick Egan believes gun violence in the USA now______. A．hits an all-time low B．is at 40-year lows

C．demands more attention

D．is worsened by mass shootings

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。本题考查帕特里克·伊根对美国支暴力的看法。由定位句可知，帕特里克·伊根认为美国现在处于40年以来支暴力事件发生率的最低点，故答案为B)。A)“处于历史最低点”与原文不符；C)“需要更多关注”和D)“由于大规模射杀而恶化”原文均未提及，故排除。

57． We can learn from the last paragraph that______.

A．the recent two shootings followed an increase in gun ownership B．Colorado and Wisconsin will fight against violence by legal means C．Americans are in fear of long-term gun-ownership trends

D．Gun-ownership trends will curb the surge of interest in gun issue

正确答案：D

解析：主旨大意题。由定位句可知，人们对支及支安全或者支拥有的兴趣会随着长期的支拥有趋势而消失。D)中的curb对应原文的disappear，其他基本是对原文的照搬，故答案为D)。A)“支携带的增长导致最近的两起杀事件”，最后一段提到，两次大规模杀事件使得人们对支问题愈发感兴趣，A)与此逻辑不符，故排除；B)“科罗拉州和威斯康星会使用法律手段反抗暴力”原文未提及，故排除；C)“美国人害怕长期的支拥有趋势”，最后一段提到，美国人害怕的是支暴力，故排除。

It would be all too easy to say that ’s market meltdown is coming to an end. After all, Mark Zuckerberg’s social network burned as much as $ 50 billion of shareholders’ wealth in just a couple months. To put that in context, since its debut(初次登台)on NASDAQ in May, has lost value nearly equal to Yahoo, AOL, Zynga, Yelp, Pandora, OpenTable, Groupon, Linkedln, and Angie’s List combined, plus that of the bulk of the publicly traded newspaper industry. As shocking as this utter failure may be to the nearly 1 billion faithful users around the world, it’s no surprise to anyone who read the initial public offering(IPO)prospectus(首次公开募股说明书). Worse still, all the crises that emerged when the company debuted—overpriced shares, poor corporate governance, huge challenges to the core business, and a damaged brand—remain today. looks like a prime example of what Wall Street calls a falling knife—that is, one that can cost investors their fingers if they try to catch it. Start with the valuation(估值). To justify a stock price close to the lower end of the projected range in the IPO,

say $ 28 a share, ’s future growth would have needed to match that of Google seven years earlier. That would have required increasing revenue by some 80 percent annually and maintaining high profit margins all the while. That’s not happening. In the first half of 2012, reported revenue of $ 2.24 billion, up 38 percent from the same period in 2011. At the same time, the company’s costs surged to $2.6 billion in the six-month period. This so-so performance reflects the Achilles’ heel of ’s business model, which the company clearly stated in a list of risk factors associated with its IPO: it hasn’t yet figured out how to advertise effectively on mobile devices. The number of users accessing the site on their phones surged by 67 percent to 543 million in the last quarter, or more than half its customer base. Numbers are only part of the problem. The mounting pile of failure creates a negative feedback loop that threatens ’s future in other ways. Indeed, the more ’s disappointment in the market is catalogued, the worse ’s image becomes. Not only does that threaten to rub off on users, it’s bad for recruitment and retention of talented hackers, who are the lifeblood of Zuckerberg’s creation. Yet the brilliant CEO can ignore the sadness and complaints of his shareholders thanks to the super-voting stock he holds. This arrangement also was fully disclosed at the time of the offering. It’s a pity so few investors apparently bothered to do their homework.

58． What can be inferred about from the first paragraph? A．Its market meltdown has been easily halted.

B．It has increased trade with the newspaper industry. C．It has encountered utter failure since its stock debut.

D．Its shareholders have invested $ 50 billion in a social network.

正确答案：C 解析：推理判断题。本题考查第一段的主旨大意。此种题型可以使用排除法，将各选项代入原文来验证对错。A)“脸谱网的市场崩溃已被轻而易举地制止了”，原文开篇指出，说脸谱网的市场崩溃将要结束未免太简单了，A)与原文不符，故排除；B)“脸谱网增加了与报纸业之间的商务往来”，原文首段末句plus that of…中的that指的是value，意指脸谱网自登陆纳斯达克以来，损失的价值等同于几个大型互联网企业加上大部分报业价值的总和，B)与原文不符，故排除

59． The crises is facing______. A．have been disclosed in the IPO prospectus B．are the universal risks Wall Street confronts C．disappoint its faithful users D．have existed for a long time

正确答案：D

60． To make its stock price reasonable, has to______.

A．narrow the IPO price range B．cooperate with Google C．keep enormously profitable D．invest additional $2.6 billion

正确答案：C

61． It can be inferred from the context that the “Achilles’ heel”(Line 1, Para. 5)refers to______.

A．deadly weakness B．problem unsolved C．indisputable fact D．potential risk

正确答案：A

62． What effect will ’s failure in the market have? A．Its users’ benefits will be threatened.

B．Talented hackers will take down the website. C．The CEO will hold the super-voting stock.

D．The company’s innovation strength will be damaged.

正确答案：D

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.

We all have regrets, but new research suggests the most common regret among American adults involves a lost romantic opportunity. Researchers at Northwestern University collected data from 370 adults in the United States during a telephone survey. They asked【C1】______to describe one memorable regret, how would they【C2】______for it, and whether their regret【C3】______from something they did or didn’t do. The most common regret involved【C4】______, with nearly one in five of them telling a story of a missed love connection. The study is【C5】______because past studies of regret have collected data【C6】______from college students and didn’t【C7】______a look at adults of varying backgrounds, education and experiences. Participants in the newest study【C8】______in age from 19 to 103 and came from a【C9】______of socioeconomic backgrounds. The【C10】______showed that gender, age and education level all influence the types of regrets people feel. No pattern【C11】______on the reasons for regret. However, people whose regrets involved something they didn’t do or a missed opportunity were more likely to【C12】______on to the regret over time. Regrets tended to【C13】______traditional gender roles, with women expressing more regrets about

relationships and family issues,【C14】______men tended to focus on issues involving education, career and money. One【C15】______three men had regrets about work and career, compared with that of women with similar regrets. Regrets also varied by level of education. Those with a lower educational【C16】______felt regretful for their lack of education, while those with more education were more likely to cite a career-related regret. Dr. Neal J. Roese, a【C17】______and professor of marketing at Northwestern, notes that regret can【C18】______mental health when a person is【C19】______to the missed opportunity. However, regret, although painful, has the potential to refocus attention and【C20】______decision making.

63． 【C1】 A．clients B．defendants C．superintendents D．respondents

正确答案：D

． 【C2】 A．account B．make C．fall D．call

正确答案：A

65． 【C3】 A．inferred B．kept C．stemmed D．hailed

正确答案：C

66． 【C4】 A．retrospect B．romance C．royalty D．rupture

正确答案：B

67． 【C5】

A．negligible B．neglectful C．notorious D．notable

正确答案：D

68． 【C6】 A．primarily B．routinely C．perpetually D．roughly

正确答案：A

69． 【C7】 A．offset B．figure C．offer

D．undertake

正确答案：C

70． 【C8】 A．ranged B．converged C．challenged D．arranged

正确答案：A

71． 【C9】 A．type B．variety C．kind D．class

正确答案：B

72． 【C10】 A．feelings B．bearings C．findings D．sayings

正确答案：C

73． 【C11】 A．enforced B．emerged C．embraced D．embarked

正确答案：B

74． 【C12】 A．grind B．grow C．head D．hang

正确答案：D

75． 【C13】 A．stand B．hold C．follow D．chase

正确答案：C

76． 【C14】 A．until B．whereas C．once D．hence

正确答案：B

77． 【C15】 A．on B．by C．at D．in

正确答案：D

78． 【C16】

A．specification B．simplification C．qualification D．revelation

正确答案：C

79． 【C17】 A．terrorist B．rightist C．receptionist D．sociologist

正确答案：D

80． 【C18】 A．imprison B．impair C．illuminate D．incorporate

正确答案：B

81． 【C19】 A．addicted B．advanced C．associated D．adequate

正确答案：A

82． 【C20】 A．aggravate B．afflict C．accelerate D．accommodate

正确答案：C

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences in the blanks by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

83． ______(受邀参加聚会的大多数艺术家)were from South Africa.

正确答案：A / The majority of the artists invited to the party

84． We will achieve it,______(只要我们坚持所提议的发展规划).

正确答案：as long as we stick to the development plan proposed

85． All the matters will come to light, because it was reported that______(他发誓要说出).

正确答案：he swore to tell the truth

86． She left those loafing people in case______(他们会干扰她学习).

正确答案：they interfere with / disturb her study

87． All Chinese people know that______(我们要竭尽所能实现社会主义现代化).

正确答案：we should do our utmost to fulfill the socialist modernization