Unit 13 教学参考

Get familiar with the words and expressions listed below, and then match the meaning description or synonym with a proper word or expression in the list.

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穿透性疼痛 给药，用药 止痛药

，镇定剂 减轻，缓解，解除痛苦 使成瘾的，上瘾的 抽痛的，抽动的 偏头痛

大气的，大气引起的 偶发的，插曲般的 5-羟色胺，血清素 收费，费用

生产率 概述 初级保健医生 实施，执行 精品文档

准备就绪， 保守的 手术室

朝……去，走向 切口，切开 腹部，下腹 脊柱，脊椎 脊柱的

使虚弱的，使衰弱的 许多，大量 椎骨 滑落，打滑，衰弱 倒塌，崩溃 重新排列 使稳定，使固定 向周围扩展，辐射 踝，踝关节 椎间盘

压碎的，支离破碎的 坐骨神经 红外线的 插入，嵌入

螺丝钉

1. the part of the body of a vertebrate containing the digestive and reproductive organs; the belly

2. the line of bones down the centre of the back that provides support for the body and protects the spinal cord

3. the joint between the foot and the leg, or the thin part of the leg just above the foot 4. medicine used to reduce or remove physical pain

5. to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support

6. to make stable, to become stable 7. making someone very weak and infirm

8. causing or likely to cause someone to 精品文档

abdomen

spine

ankle painkiller

collapse stabilize

debilitating become addicted to it

or to add something to something else insert 9. to put something inside something else, addictive 10. one of the small bones that form the vertebra spine

11. to dispense or apply a remedy or drug

12. a recurrent throbbing headache that typically affects one side of the head and is often accompanied by nausea and disturbed vision 13. a cut made with a knife during a surgical operation

14. to put a plan or system into operation 15. to draw the main shape or edge of something 16. to make or become less severe, difficult, unpleasant, painful

17. a price asked for goods or services 18.

disposed

to

preserve

existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change

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administer migraine incision

implement outline ease

charge conservative

19. to emit rays, as of light or heat 20. a large number of quantity

radiate slew

Ponder over the following questions and discuss briefly each

of them with your deskmates.

1. What kind of pain have you ever suffered? Toothache, headache, stomach pain or back pain?

2. What is pain? What role does pain play in our life process?

3. What are differences between acute pain and chronic pain?

4. How does pain interfere with a person’s life quality? 5. What are some approaches to pain management?

Listen to a passage three times and while listening, you are

to put the missing word in each numbered blank according to what you hear.

Doctors speak of three kinds of pain: acute, chronic and breakthrough. Acute and chronic pain can be (1) mild

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or severe. Acute pain happens fast and usually lasts a short time. It generally (2) reacts to treatment.

But chronic pain can last a long time. Chronic pain may go away, but it often comes back. It can be hard to (3) treat.

Breakthrough pain is a pain that (4) strikes suddenly. It may end just as suddenly. An activity can cause breakthrough pain. It also may happen as the (5) effects of a person’s last medicine are ending.

Many different diseases, conditions and (6) injuries can cause chronic pain, from back problems to (7) burns. Cancer is one of those causes, whether from the disease itself or from its treatment.

Research published mainly in 1973 had found (8) proteins on the surfaces of nerve cells in the brain. The findings made it possible to better study pain drugs and learn how they (9) affect the body.

Today many doctors order pain medicines for dying patients to be given before suffering takes hold. And more methods of (10) administering the medicines are now available. One is a pump that lets patients give themselves pain (11) medications as needed. They cannot harm

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themselves because the amount of (12) painkiller in the pump is carefully measured and limited.

Many doctors prescribe narcotic drugs for patients with (13) lasting, severe pain. Such drugs may ease suffering. But they can also be (14) addictive. The user may need increasing amounts to get the same effect.

Listen

to a passage “Chronic Headaches” twice. While

listening, you are to take notes according to the cues given below.

1. The number of Americans who suffer chronic headaches: 45 million people. 2. Some people describe headaches as:

Throbbing, causing pressure in the head. 3. Three factors that start tension headaches: Emotional pressure, depression and tiredness. 4. Duration of a tension headache:

From a half hour to a whole week. 5. What you do if your pain is too severe:

You will need a doctor’s advice.

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Listen to each sentence, repeat it aloud, listen to it again,

and then write down the whole sentence on the space provided. You will listen to each sentence for a third time to have a check.

1. Migraine headaches cause Americans to miss at least 150 million workdays each year. 2. But many experts today are working toward cures or major help for chronic headaches. 3. Events that start tension headaches may include emotional pressure and the deeper than normal sadness called depression. 4. Researchers blamed muscle tension from tightening in the face, neck and the skin on top of the head.

5. Some scientists now believe that tension headaches may result from changes among brain chemicals.

Watch a video clip “Pain Prevention” twice and decide

whether each of the statements below is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).

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_F_ 1. More than 15,000,000 adult Americans

experience some type of pain. 635 billion dollars every year. pain management.

prevention and treatment of pain. personalized pain management.

management training for health professionals. and can not be implemented.

Watch a video clip “A New Surgical Procedure for Back

_T_ 2. The physical pain costs the U.S. from $ 560 to _F_ 3. The cost comes from direct medical expenses in _T_ 4. Federal government should play a role in the _F_ 5. Primary care doctors are unable to provide _T_ 6. Changes are needed to improve pain _F_ 7. Some of the recommendations are impractical

Pain” twice and choose the best answer to each of the questions below.

1. Most cases of back pain are resolved with _______. A) conservative treatments B) a new surgical procedure

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C) much slower recovery times D) hospitalization for a few days

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Jennifer?

A) she had an incision in her abdomen for spinal surgery.

B) She has two surgical procedures in two days. C) She hopes her life can move on with spinal surgery. D) She has suffered back pain for 46 years.

3. The number of spinal surgery is increasing mainly because ______.

A) Americans cannot bear debilitating back pain B) new surgical techniques speed up recovery time C) more Americans suffer from severe nerve pain D) back pain keeps more Americans from working 4. The surgery on Jennifer involves all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A) relieving pressure on the nerves B) realigning her vertebrae C) removing l-4 vertebrae D) stabilizing the spine

5. Why was Tom Costello’s lower back pain turning into

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severe pain?

A) His disk collapsed and crushed the sciatic nerve. B) His lower back pain radiated down his right leg. C) His right knee and ankle were severely injured. D) His sitting and sleeping crushed the sciatic nerve.

Key to Task 7

1. A 2. D. 3. B 4. C 5. A

Listen to the five sentences twice and interpret each into

Chinese.

1. Doctors speak of three kinds of breakthrough. Acute 医生谈到的疼痛pain: acute, chronic and 有急性、慢性和穿透and 性三种。急性和慢性chronic pain can be mild or 疼痛可以是轻度或重severe. Acute pain happens 度的。急性疼痛发生fast and usually lasts a short 快，持续时间短。 time.

2. Some people describe the pain 精品文档

有人把疼痛描述as throbbing, causing pressure 是抽动性的，造成头in the head. Others compare 部的压力。有人把它it to someone driving a sharp 比作一个人用利器推object into the head.

3. The pain may come very early in the day. Other signs can include pain in the neck or the lower part of the head. Scientists are not sure what causes tension headaches.

4. Many different diseases, conditions and injuries can cause chronic pain, from back problems to burns. Cancer is one of those causes, whether from the disease itself or from its treatment.

5. Today many doctors order pain 精品文档

入头部。

疼痛可能在一天很早就出现。其他症状包括颈部或头下方疼痛。科学家不能确定是什么导致紧张性头痛。

从背部问题到烧伤的许多不同的疾病、情况和损伤，可引起慢性疼痛。癌症无论是疾病本身或其治疗，是其中的一个原因。

今天，许多医生medicines for dying patients to 对临终病人在疼痛开be given before suffering takes 始前就用抗疼痛药hold. And more methods of 物。现在已有更多的administering the medicines 给药方法可用。 are now available.

Make dialogues and conversations, using the Chinese

below as cues.

A：你有过疼痛的经历了解吗？ B：像很多人一样，我

Have you had any 吗？你对疼痛有所experiences of pain? What do you understand as to pain? Like many others, I have as stomachache, lower 有过不少疼痛的经had a lot of experiences of pain, 历，如胃痛，头痛，such 牙痛或腰痛等。简headache, toothache, 单地说，疼痛是一back pain, etc.. To put it simply, 种因受伤或疾病引pain is a highly unpleasant 起的身体上十分不physical sensation caused by 愉快的感觉。

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illness or injury.

A：疼痛不仅给患者个人造成痛苦，还伤及到整个社会。据美国医学研究所一份报告，疼痛每年对美国造成的损失在5500亿美元以上。 B：这些损失不仅来自

直接的医疗费用，还包括丧失工资和生产效率。

A：在中国，疼痛是人

们去看医生的最常见原因之一。它是许多病情的主要症状，会大大影响一个人身体的一般功能和生活质量。 B：所以，了解疼痛、

预防疼痛和抗疼痛对促进公众健康，精品文档

Pain does not just hurt individuals, but the entire society as well. According to a report by the Institute of Medicine, pain costs the U.S. over $550 billion dollars every year. Such a cost does not just come from direct medical expenses, it also includes the loss of wages and productivity.

Pain is one of the most common reasons for physician consultation in China. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can significantly interfere with a person's general functioning and quality of life. So it is of great significance to understand, prevent and combat pain for the 提升生活质量有着重大的意义。

A: 你认为在预防疼痛方面，可以做些什么呢？

B: 无论是普通百姓还

是医学专业人员，都需对疼痛有更好的认识。医学专业机构更应对疼痛的类型、成因、作用等做系统的研究。

A: 对疼痛机理的研究有了哪些上临床的应用呢？

B: 已经有了很多应

用，包括新型镇痛药物，植入泵给药，皮肤药贴、针灸镇痛，精品文档

promotion of public health and quality of life.

What do you think can be done in terms of pain prevention? Whether ordinary people or medical professionals, they all should have a better understanding of pain. Professional medical institutions in particular should study systematically the types, causes, effects of pain. What are the clinical applications resulting from researches into the pain mechanism? There are many new applications, including new analgetics, delivering drugs through implanted pumps, skin 手术治疗等。所有这些临床应用的最终目的，是通过个性化治疗，来提高疼痛患者的生活质量。

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patches, acupuncture analgesia, surgical therapies, etc. The ultimate goal of all these applications is to improve the quality of life of pain sufferers through personalized treatment.