新编大学英语视听说教程4听力原文及答案

视听说4 听力原文及答案 Unit 1 Leisure activities

Part 1 listening one

Ever wish you could do magic tricks, or introduce yourself as “magician” at a party? Imagine, everybody wants to have fun, but nothings’ really happening, it’s time for you to show one of your new tricks. Here, you can learn how, and without any need for special materials or much practice.

A trick with a coin, a handkerchief and a friend: Put the coin on your palm. Cover the coin with the handkerchief. Ask several people to put their hands beneath the handkerchief and feel the coin, to make sure that it is still there. Then take the corner of the handkerchief and pull it rapidly off your hand. The coin has gone! How? You must make sure the last friend who feels the coin knows the trick and removes the coin when he seems to be just feeling it. And nobody knows where it has gone! A trick with a piece of paper and a pencil: Tell your friend that you can communicate your thoughts without speaking to other people. Write on the piece of paper the word No. Don't let your friends see what you have written. Say, \"Now I will communicate this word into your minds.\" Pretend to concentrate. Ask them if they know what is written on the paper. They will say, \"No!\" And you say, \"Quite correct! I wrote No on the paper!\" A trick with an egg and some salt: Ask your friends to stand the egg upright on the table. They won't manage to do it. Say that you can speak to the chicken inside. Say, \"Chicken! Can you hear me? Get ready to balance your egg!\" When you first get the egg back from your friends, pretend to kiss the egg at the base. Make the base wet. Then put the base into salt which is in your other hand. The salt will stick to the egg. Then put the egg on the table. Twist the egg around a few times as this will arrange the grains of salt. Then it will stand up. Don't forget to thank the chicken. Questions:

1. What does the magician ask people to do in the first trick 2. What happens to the coin?

3. How does the magician prove that he can communicate his thoughts to the audience in the second trick?

4. What is the first step to make the egg stand upright? 5. What else is needed to make the egg stand upright?

1

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D

Part 1 listening two

(The following is an interview from a weekly sports program.)

Presenter: Good morning, listeners. Welcome to our weekly sports program aimed at

all those underactive youngsters with time on their hands! Listen to what our two guests have to say about their hobbies and how their hobbies have made a difference to their lives. Adrienne first, then, Jonathan.

Adrienne: I collect very interesting jewelry. I tend to travel a lot as most of my family

do, so whenever I have a holiday, I like to go traveling. Whenever I travel somewhere, I like to pick up something to remind me of the place that I visited. And, the easiest thing to do is to pick up a small piece of jewelry instead of getting a poster or a T-shirt that won’t last. I like the idea of having something small and also, I find whenever I wear jewelry from somewhere, it’s a good conversation piece. Usually people ask you, “Where did you get this?” I then have a story to tell, and it’s a good way to meet and talk to people. It’s just interesting. I have jewelry that I picked up when I traveled to Thailand, when I traveled to Africa and when I traveled to Europe. Presenter: Wow! Sounds nice. You’ll have to show your collections to us. Adrienne: I’d love to. Presenter: Thank you, Adrienne. Now Jonathan. Jonathan: I prefer canoeing because you've always got the water there for support. If you're a good swimmer, have a good sense of balance and strong arms, you'll like canoeing! The main trouble is transporting your canoe to the right places—my father takes it on the roof of the car—or sometimes I put it on the roof of the club’s Land Rover. What it has taught me most is to be independent. It's just you and the canoe against the wind, the weather and the water. It gives you a lot of self-confidence and it can be really exciting as long as you don't mind getting soaked, of course! It makes you feel close to nature somehow. Last year, when I was qualified, I began to run my own canoeing center. Presenter: So you are making your hobby work for you. Jonathan: People are usually very skilled at their hobbies. The combination of interest and skills is a very compelling reason to choose a particular career.

Presenter: Then, Adrienne, do you have a similar plan?

Adrienne: Yes, I love making beaded jewelry. I’ve decided to get some formal

training. I want to learn how to be a jewelry designer.

Questions:

1. Who is the target audience in the program? 2. What is Adrienne’s hobby?

3. What does Adrienne usually buy when she visits a place? 4. How does Jonathan benefit from canoeing?

2

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

5. What should be the major concern in choosing a career according to Jonathan?

Keys: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B Part 1 listening three

Gerry: I've just been to see Gone with the Wind. It was fantastic. Well worth seeing.

Have you ever seen it?

Judy : No, but I've read the book. I don't think I would like to see the film really. It

would spoil the story for me.

Gerry: Really? Oh, give me a film any day. Honestly, if I had to choose between the

film of a story and the book of it, I'd go for the film.

Judy : Would you? Gerry: Yes. It's much more real. You can get the atmosphere better. You know, the photography and location shots, period costumes, the right accents. Don't you think so? Judy : Not really. I much prefer to use my own imagination. I can imagine how I

want it, rather than how someone makes me see it. Anyway, I think you get much more insight into the characters when you read a book. Part of a person's character is lost on film because you never know what they are thinking. Gerry: True, but I don't know. It's much easier going to the cinema. It takes less time. I can get the whole story in two hours but it might take me a week to read the book. Judy : I know, but it's so expensive to go to the cinema nowadays. Gerry: I know, but it's a social event. It's fun. You can go with your friends. When you read a book you have to do it on your own. Judy : All right. Let's agree to differ. I'll get some coffee. Keys: 1.1. spoil the story 1.2. and day 1.3. Honestly choose the film 1.4. Atmosphere photography location period 1.5. insight into the characters 1.6. social event 1.7. agree to differ 2. Films: get the atmosphere better---photography/location shots/period costumes/right accent easier

take less time: two hours

an social event: fun, go with friends Books: take more time: one week

not a social event: do it on your own books: use readers’ own imagination

get much more insight into the characters films: spoil the story expensive

3

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

Part 1 listening four

Sally Marino gets married. After the wedding, there is a big party—a wedding reception. All the guests eat dinner. There is a band and, after dinner, everyone dances. Sally's mother and father pay for everything. At the end of the reception, Sally and her new husband cut the wedding cake and all the guests get a piece.

Pete and Rose buy a new house. After moving in, they invite their friends and family to a party—a housewarming party. Everybody comes to see the new house. They look at the bedrooms, the dining room, even the garage. Pete and Rose serve drinks, sandwiches, and snacks. The party is on a Saturday afternoon.

It is Christmas time. Ted and Sarah Robinson want to see many of their friends over the holiday. So they invite their friends to an open house. The hours of the party are from 2 p.m. to 8 p.m. The guests arrive and leave whenever they want. The Robinsons serve sandwiches, drinks, and snacks. Some guests stay for just 20 minutes, others stay for 3 hours. About fifty people come to the open house. Mr. and Mrs. Todd ask their neighbors to come to an evening party. They don't serve much food, just snacks—pretzels, chips, peanuts and many types of drinks. No one dances. Conversation is important with people asking questions like \"What's new with you?\". Keys: 1. √2 √3 2.4.dinner band dances piece 2.5. house drinks snacks 2.6. Invite arrive fifty/50 2.7. snacks Conversation new with you Part 4 Listening 1 Receptionist: Good morning. Can I help you? Cathy: Er...a friend told me that you have exercise and dance classes here. Receptionist: That's right. Cathy: OK. Can you give me some information about days and times, please? Receptionist: Yes, there are four classes a day, every day from Monday to Saturday with nothing on Sunday. Cathy: Yeah, can you tell me the open hours? Receptionist: The first one is an aerobics class from 8:30 to 9:30 in the morning. Then

there's another aerobics class at lunchtime from 12:30 to 1:30.

Cathy: Right.

Receptionist: Then in the evening from 5:30 to 6:30—another aerobics class too. And

there's a jazz dance class from 6:30 to 7:30.

Cathy: Right. And what level are they for? I mean, would they be OK for a

beginner?

Receptionist: The morning aerobics—8:30 to 9:30—is advanced. All the others are at

the beginner to intermediate level. But let me give you a schedule.

4

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

Cathy: Thanks. And how much does it cost for a class?

Receptionist: You pay a ￡1 entrance fee and then the classes are ￡2.50 each and

￡3.50 for the jazz dancing. It's there on the sheet.

Cathy: Oh, yes, I see.

Receptionist: If you become a member, entrance is free and... Cathy: Oh, no, it's OK. I'm only in London for two weeks. Receptionist: Oh, right. That's no good then.

Cathy: And I guess you have showers and everything?

Receptionist: Yes, sure, and in the evenings you can use the sauna free, too. Cathy: Oh, great. So the next class is at 5:30? Well, I'll see you then. Receptionist: Fine. See you later! Questions: 1. Where does the dialog most likely take place? 2. How many classes are there every day except Sunday? 3. At what time does the last class end? 4. How much is the entrance fee? 5. Which class will Cathy most probably attend? 6. What can we learn about Cathy from the conversation? Keys: 1. A 2.C 3.C 4. A 5. C 6. B Listening 2 Woman: Why don't we go abroad for a change? I'd like to go to France, Spain, or even Italy. Man: Mm. I'm not all that keen on traveling really. I'd rather stay at home. Woman: Oh, come on, Steve. Think of the sun! Man: Yes, but think of the cost! Going abroad is very expensive. Woman: Oh, it isn't, Steve. Not these days. Man: Of course it is, Juliet. The best thing about having a holiday here in Britain is that it's cheaper. And another thing, traveling in Britain would be easier. No boats, planes or anything. Woman: Even so, we've been to most of the interesting places in Britain already. What's the point in seeing them again? Anyway, we can travel round Britain whenever we like. There's no point in wasting our summer holiday here. Man: Mm, I suppose you're right. Nevertheless, what I can't stand is all the bother with foreign currency, changing money and all that when we go abroad. I hate all that. And it's so confusing.

Woman: Oh, don't be silly, Steve.

Man: And what's more, I can't speak any of the languages—you know that. It's all

right for you. You can speak some foreign languages.

Woman: Exactly. You see, what I'd really like to do is practice my French and Spanish. It would help me a lot at work. Man: Mm, but that's no use to me.

Woman: But just think of the new places we'd see, the people we'd meet!

5

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

Man: But look, if we stayed here, we wouldn't have to plan very much. Woman: I'm sorry, Steve. No. I don't fancy another cold English summer. Questions:

1. Where does the man want to spend the summer holiday?

2. According to Steve, what is considered important in planning vacation? 3. What does Steve find confusing about traveling abroad? 4. What will help Juliet in her work?

5. What does Juliet think of summer in Britain?

Keys:

1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B Listening 3 The game of football may have started in Roman times. It seems that the Romans played a game very much like our modern rugby but with a round ball. English villagers played football in the 16th century and they often had almost a hundred players on each side. It was a very common game, which was very rough and even dangerous until the early part of the 19th century. In the 18th century a Frenchman who had watched a rough game of football in a village wrote, \"I could not believe that those men were playing a game. If this is what Englishmen call playing, I would not like to see them fighting!\" From the mid-19th century, it was played in schools in England and soon spread all over Britain and Europe. Until in 1850, it was not possible to have football matches between one school and another, because each school had different rules! So set rules had to be made. They were not improved though until, in 1863, when those who preferred to play with hands as well as feet formed the Rugby Union while the others started the Football Association (F.A.). It was only in 1863 that the first set of rules for all football clubs was agreed upon. Nearly 150 years later, football has become by far the most popular sport in the entire world. Would that 18th century Frenchman have believed it possible? Questions: 1. According to the passage, when may the game of football have first started? 2. How many team members were often involved in the game when the English began to play the game? 3. What did the speaker say about the earliest football game in England? 4. Why was it NOT possible to have football matches between two schools until 1850?

5. What happened to football in 1863?

Keys:

1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C

Listening 4

In one town, there were three longtime friends, Pat, Mike and Bob. Pat and Bob

6

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

were quite bright, but Mike was rather dull.

One day as Pat and Mike were walking down the sidewalk together, Pat put his hand on a solid brick wall and said, \"Mike, hit my hand as hard as you can.\" Mike struck a hard blow, but Pat pulled his hand away from the wall just before Mike's fist hit it. Of course, it hurt Mike's hand very much when he hit the wall, but Pat said, \"That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?\" Mike agreed, but was not too happy.

The following day Mike and Bob were walking in the town square. Mike decided to play the joke on Bob. He looked around, and seeing no solid object, he placed his hand over his face and said, \"Bob, hit my hand as hard as you can.\" Bob agreed, and as he struck a hard blow with his fist, Mike quickly pulled his hand away and was knocked to the ground, unconscious. After a few minutes Mike recovered, and saw Bob worriedly looking down at him. Mike said, \"That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?\" Questions: 1. Who was NOT clever? 2. What did Pat ask Mike to do? 3. Who was hurt finally? 4. On whom was Mike going to try this joke? 5. Where did Mike put his hand when he asked Bob to hit him? 6. What happened to Mike after Bob struck a hard blow with his fist? Keys: 1.1 A 2. C 3. A 4.B 5. C 6. B 2. √2 √5 Unit 3 Gender Differences Part 1 listening one Three guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish. Now one of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, \"OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ.\" The mermaid says, \"Done.\" Suddenly, the guy starts to recite flawless Shakespeare followed by a short pause and an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, \"Hey, triple my IQ.\" The mermaid says, \"Done.\" The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.

The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, \"Quintuple my IQ.\" The mermaid looks at him and says, \"You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider.\"

7

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

The guy says, \"No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free.\" \"Please,\" says the mermaid, \"you don't know what you're asking... It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?\"

But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, \"Done.\" And he becomes a woman.

Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T

2.1. set free in return 2.2 extremely insightful analysis 2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields 2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider 2.5 usual power Part 1 listening two (Dr. Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.) Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists in language, culture and society. Do you think this is really so? Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Children usually play together with other children of the same gender, and this is where our conversational style is learned. Bob White: Can you give some specific examples? Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on the contrary, use language mainly to earn status in their group. Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction if writers' names are not used in the messages. Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language styles are still evident. Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!

Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality

women are not given equal opportunity because of different communication and language styles between the sexes. Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this

impression? Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail

8

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

messages from online discussion groups. I found that females use language that is more collaborative and supportive such as \"Thanks for all your tips on...\\"Good point.\" and \"Hope this helps!\". Men tend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as \"Do you understand that?\\"You should realize that...\\"It is absurd to think...\".

Bob White: How great are these gender differences?

Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more

than twice as often as females did, while females use collaborative and supportive language three times as often as males did. In this study, it is clear that there is a gender difference in e-mail messages just as in other communication media. Bob White: So the \"battle of the sexes\" is still with us, even online. Questions: 1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style learned? 2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style? 3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet? 4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her speech? Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations 2.2 closeness intimacy, earn status 2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitive Part 1 listening three John: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors? Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things. John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl? Maybe we should just adopt an \"open your own door\" policy. Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.

John: It's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles

both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.

Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out

a chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don't do it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through the

9

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

door first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in my face.

John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the

people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.

Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other

aspects I believe. Keys:1. T T F F T 2. D A B A B Part 1 listening four Do you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men \"tend\" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of fifteen girl babies and fifteen boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl babies were softer, littler, more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents' attitude is influencing their children. Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive. Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Nowadays, women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence. Keys:

2. F F T T F

2.1 reflects descriptions 2.2 parents’ attitudes

2.3 suggest, act 2.4 raising their family, supporting their husbands 2.5 used to be, share these responsibilities

Part 4 Listening 1

\"Equal\" does not always mean \"the same\". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.

10

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it. Then it will hit him in the nose.

A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.

When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off.

Boys couldn't care less if their hair is untidy. But for girls, if their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.

Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their faces. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls. Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy's arm. Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt. Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises. Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys. Keys: 1. 1 hit 1.2 try to catch 1.3 in wonder 1.4 turn…into 1.5 dress, play house 1.6 tear…off 1.7 care less 1.8 lock, in public 1.9 painting their face 1.10 painting the walls 1.11 lazy, cut 1.12 dig…into 1.13 boys 1.14 dirt 1.15 talk 1.16 make machine-gun noises Listening 2 In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory Dickory Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme goes like this: Hickory Dickory Dock, The mouse ran up the clock. The clock struck one, The mouse ran down! Hickory Dickory Dock. Here is the story: One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to shop for an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked better.

“The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,” he said.

Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store. Everyone was looking at me. On the way out the door, my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock. What a

11

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

naughty boy! Questions:

1. Where did the story take place?

2. Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better? 3. Which clock did the boy like best? 4. Why did the mother feel embossed?

5. Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock?

Keys:

2. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D Listening 3 Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy \"dares\". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence. Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap. Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as a sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan. In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men. Keys: 1) aggressive 2) taking risks 3) crime 4) biology 5) function 6) roles 7) unsatisfactory 8) weaker 9) heart attacks 10) rate of survival 11) vary 12) be infected with 13) average lifespan 14) do exist 15) deny 16) behave

Listening 4

It is my belief that gender stereotypes are very real gender characteristics that are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is \"weak\" physically only because a man is in reality \"stronger\". A woman is \"submissive\" only because a man in reality is more \"aggressive\". A woman is \"emotional\" only because a man is \"less emotional\". All these are observed facts.

Are there ways to avoid the stereotyping? This is hard to do. We as males and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways.

12

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

We love to exaggerate gender traits as if to say \"Look how female I am\" or \"Look how male I am\". Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel the more attractive we feel.

So all in all I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don't think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I do think that we should not place extremes of a trait to a gender as a whole and most certainly not limit someone's potential abilities based on a stereotype. Stereotypes should apply in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgment but not as an absolute. Keys: 1. T F F F T T 2.1 physically, in reality, aggressive 2.2 avoid, differences, attractive 2.3 extremes, potential abilities Unit 4 Creativity Part I Listening 1 In China, education is considered a race. Students have to begin as early as possible and have to proceed as quickly as possible around the track. Success is measured by how many students cross the finish line in the short time .In America, we recognize the race too, but we feel that the students have a chance to explore things for themselves, even if not all of them reach the finish line. As a result of their exploring, some of the participants may have more to offer by the end of the race. The advantage of the Chinese way is that more students become proficient and reach the finish line. The disadvantage is that they may have less to say or to show once they get there. The disadvantage of the American way is that some students never finish the race. The advantage, however, is that some who do go \"all the way\" have very interesting and original things to say when they get there. 1. F T T T F F 2. 1) race 2) race 3 ) proceed 4) explore things for themselves 5) proficient 6)interesting 7) original 8) less 9) finish the race Listening II

Once Wealth and Poverty approached a merchant and introduced themselves as Goddesses. The merchant greeted both of them and said, \"May I ask why you have come to my humble home?\" The Goddess of Wealth said, \"We want you to judge between us who is the most beautiful.\"

13

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

The merchant did not know what to say. He knew he was between the devil and the deep blue sea. If he said that Wealth was more beautiful than Poverty, Poverty would curse him. If he said that Poverty was more beautiful than Wealth, Wealth would abandon him. However, he became calm and said, \"I have great respect for you both. Would you please do what I ask of you? It is the only way I can judge properly.\" The Goddesses agreed. He said, \"Mother Wealth, would you please walk towards my

house? Mother Poverty, Would you please walk away from my house? This way I can see you both better, from near and far.\" The two Goddesses did what the merchant had asked them to do. Then the merchant confidently declared, \"Mother Wealth! You appear most beautiful when you are nearest my house. Mother Poverty! You look most beautiful when you are farthest from my house.\" The Goddesses appreciated the wit and wisdom of the merchant. The Goddess of Wealth happily stayed in his house while the Goddess of Poverty cheerfully departed. Whenever we have a serious problem, if we look within and think calmly, a solution will come in answer to the problem. 1. F T F F F 2. 1. Why did the two Goddesses go to the merchant’s place? C 2. What would happen if the merchant declared the Goddess of Wealth to be more beautiful than the Goddess of the Poverty? B 3. What did the merchant ask the Goddesses to do? D 4. What was the reaction of the Goddesses? A 5. What does the story tell us? C Listening III There is an old and common saying in the United States that \"There is nothing new under the sun.\" I thought of that today when I read an article in a magazine. The article tells about the growing number of people who are building earth-sheltered houses, which are partly underground. I had known about modern earth-sheltered houses, but I had never thought about their roofs before. Instead of having metal or tiles on the roofs, many of these houses now have living roofs. The wooden top of the house is covered with a special waterproof plastic material. On top of this there is soil, in which grass and flowers are planted. Such a roof can be very beautiful. But this really is not a new idea. When the early settlers came to the United States, they often made their houses by digging into the ground. Their roofs were made of wood, and covered by large areas of soil with grass or turf. They were warm, though not always waterproof. People replaced these houses and roofs as soon as they could live in regular wooden homes with wooden or metal roofs. Now, 200 years later, some

people think of this as a new idea. But I think, \"There is nothing new under the sun.\"

14

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

1. 1) partly underground 2) living 3 ) digging into the ground 4) grass waterproof Questions:

1. What does the speaker mean by saying \"There is nothing new under the sun\"? 2. What makes the speaker think of \"earth-sheltered houses\"? 3. What is a living roof?

4. How many years ago did the early settlers first build earth-sheltered homes? 5. Why did People replace these earth-sheltered houses with regular wooden ones? 2. C D A B D Listening IV Man: It is said that the first sandwich was made in 1762 by the Earl of Sandwich. He didn't want to take time away from his card games to eat, so he ordered his butler to make sandwiches instead. Woman: Is that so? Hey, look at this. The first beauty contest was held in Belgium in 1888. Why in Belgium of all places? Man: Why not? Oh, here's one I bet you're proud of. The electric chair was used for the first time in 10 in the United States. Yes, you're first to diagnose AIDS, too. The first recorded case was in New York. Woman: Plus and minus signs were used in 1514 in Holland. Yeah, there was no way we could have guessed that one. And the equals sign, you'll be pleased to hear, was first used in Oxford , in 1557. You'd have thought they'd all have been invented at the same time. Man: Well, we both got these right .coffee was in Arabia around 1,000 AD, and just before that, playing cards were invented in China. Woman: Well, I got this one right. First diagram of a flying machine, was drawn by Leonardo da Vinci, as I said, in 1492. Man: Yeah, but the first air flight wasn't made until 1903, and it was in the United States. Woman: But that wasn't the question, was it? Also, England was also the first to transmit television. Man: Garbage! It was the Italians.

Woman: No, it says here, the first TV transmission was in London, 1925. And here

we are again, the first traffic lights were in London, in 1868. Man: But they didn't even have cars then, so why would they have needed

traffic lights?

1．D A A F C E A B B

2．1)1762 2)1888/Belgium 3)10/the United States 4)New York 5)1514/Holland 1557 6) 1903 7) 1868

15

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

Part 4 Listening 1

Juan comes up to the Mexican border on his bicycle. He's got two large bags over his shoulders. The guard stops him and says, \"What's in the bags?\" \"Sand,\" answered Juan.

The guard says, \"We'll just see about that. Get off the bike.\" The guard takes the two bags and rips them apart; he empties them out and finds nothing in them but sand. He detains Juan overnight and has the sand analyzed, only to discover that there is nothing but pure sand in the bags.

The guard releases Juan, puts the sand into new bags, hefts them onto the man's shoulders and lets him cross the border. A week later, the same thing happens. The guard asks, \"What have you got?\" \"Sand,\" says Juan. The guard does his thorough examination and discovers that the bags contain nothing but sand. He gives the sand back to Juan, and Juan crosses the border on his bicycle. This sequence of events is repeated every week for three years. Finally, Juan doesn't show up one day and the guard meets him in a bar in Mexico. \"Hey, buddy,\" says the guard. \"I know you are smuggling something. It's driving me crazy. It's all I think about. I can't sleep. Just between you and me, what are you smuggling?\" Juan sips his beer and says, \"Bicycles.\" 1) border 2) rips 3) overnight 4) analyzed 5) release 6) cross 7) weekly 8 ) thorough 9) show up 10) bicycles Listening II Pottery has been found in the remains of every ancient civilization. The oldest known piece of pottery was found in China and dates back to 7,900 BC. That's almost 10,000 years ago! The first pots were large bowls, formed by taking a lump of clay and making a bowl shape. Pottery doesn't just include pots, but anything made from clay that can hold things, such as jugs, vases and cups. Pottery was used to hold water, milk, seeds and grains.

Later, people learned to mix different clays together to make stronger pottery and to put the pottery in a fire oven so that the clay would harden faster. The potter's wheel was invented in China around 3,100 BC. The wheel spins clay like a top. It allows people to make pottery much more quickly and make shapes that were perfectly symmetrical—bowls that were really round, rather than lumpy or uneven. Pottery is not only considered one of the first inventions but also one of the first art forms. Most types of pottery have been painted with figures or designs; some even tell a story! 1. B A C

16

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

2. 1.The oldest known piece of pottery was found in china and dates back to 7900

BC(and was made almost 10,000 years ago).

2. It was used for holding water ,milk ,seeds, and grains.

3. To make stronger pottery and to make the clay harden faster.

4. It allowed people to make pottery much more quickly and to make symmetrical

shapes.

5. Because most types of pottery have been painted with figures or designs; some

even tell a story.

Listening III

(Students are in a classroom waiting for the teacher to arrive. Two are talking.) Cathy: I've enjoyed talking about creativity in our English class. I wish I had been encouraged more when I was in elementary school. Michael: I know what you mean. I always liked drawing, but my teachers and parents insisted I was just wasting my time with it. My father said I should work on mathematics. Cathy: Maybe you still will still use your artistic talent some day. Michael: Oh, I don't know. After all, I'm in university now. Perhaps I'm too old to be creative. Cathy: I don't think so. I read an interesting article about a lady who wanted to be an artist but the whole family wanted her to work in their candy business. Michael: What happened? Cathy: Well, Jean, the lady, knew painting was what she wanted to do , not making candy. After graduating from college she tried various jobs to support herself, though none of her jobs was in the candy business. And she kept painting in her spare time. Michael: Then what? Cathy: About 20 years ago a worker in the family candy business quit around Valentine's Day, one of their busiest seasons. Her father needed Jean to come to help with the business. Michael: Did she? Cathy: Yes, although she didn't like it.

So, how did she cope?

Michael:

Cathy: She got an idea of putting art and candy together. Michael: How?

Cathy: First she experimented with making an edible paint. She found that

powdered food coloring mixed with vodka would work. Michael: That's quite a combination.

17

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

Cathy: Then, for her \"canvas\

She even learned how to make chocolate frames. Michael: What kind of art did she create?

Cathy: She copied the works of famous painters. She displayed her candy art

in the candy shop and customers would come in just to look at the art. Michael: What did her family think then?

Cathy: They didn't take her seriously until the Toledo Museum of Art heard

about her works and paid her to paint 77 reproductions of works in their collection. That was her first big job. Now she works full-time on her candy creations. Michael: Does she do anything besides copying art masterpieces? Cathy: Yes, she's done some portraits. However, people love her reproductions. Michael: What are the prices for her candy art creations? Cathy: From $150 to $200 each. 1. 2. 3. 4. Listening IV Michael: Well, her creativity has brought her success. What did the male speaker like to do ? B How did jean make a living right after graduating from college? B Why did she begin to help with the family business ? C How did she paint ? A For over 30 years, \"Sesame Street\" has been the most popular TV program for young children in the United States. The characters on this show are mainly puppets, and probably the most loved of the puppets is a gigantic yellow bird called \"Big Bird\". Caroll Spinney has played Big Bird all the years of Big Bird's existence on American television. Spinney's love of puppets and his own creativity led him to this career. When he was five years old, he saw his first puppet show. He loved the show and never forgot it. When he was seven he bought a used monkey puppet for five cents. His mother had made him a stuffed snake from green material, so he got the idea of making his own puppet show. He made a stage from wooden orange boxes and his mother's old curtains. He charged 2 cents for admission and earned 32 cents for his first performance.

Spinney's family liked his creativity and encouraged him to do more . For Christmas when he was nine, his older brother made him a better puppet theater and his mother secretly sewed eight colorful puppets for him. Spinney later wrote, \"The more I gave shows, the more I felt the power that one has when performing. All these people would sit in a room and listen to everything I said. I did all the character voices: little girl voices, an old lady voice, and a ghost voice. The audience listened and clapped at

18

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

the end, and also paid me to do it. What could be a better way to make a living than to perform? I knew that I would wind up in the world of entertainment.\"

Spinney continued giving puppet shows. When he decided to go to art school, puppet shows helped him pay for his tuition. Even when he was in the army, he managed to continue giving puppet shows. He knew he wanted to do this as his life's work and that he wanted his audience to be children. When he was given the opportunity to create the character of Big Bird on \"Sesame Street\over the years has made Big Bird one of the most beloved characters on American television.

T T T F F T T T F F Unit 5 Athletes Part 1 Listening I I'm Ted. Well, I've been playing it since I was quite young. My father was very keen on it and he used to give me lessons. We didn't have to go far to play, so we used to play together quite a lot. Unless you have to join a club, it's not an expensive sport. You just need a racket and some balls. When I was in university, I played for an hour or so every morning. Sometimes it was not easy for us to book a court because it was so popular. For most people, it’s great exercise and requires a lot of energy. Of course, you have to be fit, as it demands a lot of running and speed around the court. Usually, there’s not a lot of standing around; one is constantly moving. But that’s why it’s a sport I like to play and watch so much. I'm Mike. I think I've been playing it for nearly 40 years now, ever since I was a little kid. It has always been a great interest of mine. When I watch a game, I appreciate the athletic skills of the players: the strategies of the manager or coach; and the excitement of the uncertainty. I enjoy not knowing how the game is going to end, even when a very strong team is playing against a very weak team. There's always that possibility of surprise, and of the unexpected changing the game. I'm Lisa. Well, I've been doing it every winter holiday for as long as I can remember. I love doing it because you can get better every time. It's fast and exciting and although it's really cold, you can still get a tan. Of course, the scenery is beautiful and it's really nice when you're tired to go and have a hot drink afterwards. The problem is that it's very expensive and really dangerous. But apart from getting hurt occasionally, I still thoroughly enjoy it.

1. 1) tennis 2 ) quite young 3)soccer 4) a little kid 5) nearly 40 years 6)skiing 7) remember

2. tennis 1,5,7 football/soccer 2,9,10 skiing 3,4,6,8 19

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

Listening II

During the 1930s and 1940s, when someone asked a kid whom his role models were, he would often respond with the names of baseball players. Advertisers trying to sell a product would often turn to baseball stars because the public knew them and loved them. Now looking at today's baseball players, the only time we seem to hear about them is when they are complaining about their salaries. Baseball is no longer the great national pastime, and kids are looking elsewhere for their role models.

Back in the 1930s and 1940s, money wasn't such an important issue. Players played baseball because they loved the game. They rarely complained about money. And they earned very little in comparison with players today. Most players back then were also positive role models both on and off the field. They did a lot of things for the neighborhood, from visiting sick children in hospitals to signing autographs—not for the publicity, but just one of the kindness of their hearts. Parents then could be proud when their children said that they wanted to grow up and play major league baseball. Today, however, most baseball players visit hospitals only when they need care, and some of them charge even 20 dollars for their autograph. In the past, players always tried to be positive role models for America's youth. Today, it is a totally different story. It seems that we can't get through a week without some baseball player doing something stupid or illegal. If today’s players would just grow up and stop worrying about who's making the most money, they would start feeling better about themselves; the public would start respecting the game again; and kids could start finding some role models on the baseball field again. 1. B D A C 2. T T F F F F F T T T Listening III Building team spirit is always the focal point of what I try to do as a manager. When I first went to Crystal Palace, players would finish training and then go straight home. There was no atmosphere. So we brought in a pool table and fruit machines. When players choose to spend time together, it generates a better atmosphere.

The team spirit is very important, but I don't believe in motivating the team as a team. I don’t give team talks. I try to motivate the team as individuals. I speak to the players individually and try not to put too much pressure on anyone. I believe players perform best when they are relaxed. If they're too tense, I can guarantee they won't play well.

I also believe in giving people autonomy. I like all the people who work for me to be autonomous. I very rarely interfere. I feel people should be judged on their results. If

20

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

they prove incompetent, then I'm incompetent if I continue employing them.

It's like that with the team. I get criticized for not interfering during a game and for not making more substitutions. But I feel if I've chosen those 11 players to get a result, then I should leave them alone to get on with it.

If I'm dropping a player from the team, I don't feel I have to explain it to them. If they want to discuss it, I'll say, \"Come back and talk about it in a couple of days' time.\" But I don't try to remotivate them. It's up to them to have the character to fight their way back to the team. I'm a great believer that almost everything you achieve in life is due to your attitude. If I have a player who is magnificently gifted but has a stinking attitude, I won't waste my time on them. 1. 1) team spirit 2) A. spend time together B. individuals pressure C. autonomy interfered drop a player 2. 1.2.4.6.8.10（√ ） Listening IV Ever since the modern Olympic Games began in 16, they've had their critics. Every form of competitive activity attracts trouble. But part of the aim of the Games, when they were first held in ancient Greece, was to discourage war between states by engaging them in a friendlier kind of combat. The spirit of competition in the Games uses up a lot of energy which might otherwise be harmfully deployed. It does a lot of good getting people to forget their differences in a communal activity. Any competitor or spectator at the event will tell you that the atmosphere of friendship there is unforgettable, as if the world really is one big family. And the hostilities that the press always likes to exaggerate, exist only in a few places. Indeed, it is safe to say, we often suffer more from bad publicity than bad sportsmanship. These Games are the biggest international gathering of any kind in the world. Not only do they bring sports people together, but they unite the world’s public. Isn't this a sufficient reason for continuing them? Of course, a few people are going to use them as an occasion for propaganda. But why should the feelings of a few spoil it for all those who continue to be inspired by the Games?

No! As long as the majority wants it, these Games will continue. This is sport, not politics, and it should remain so.

1. 1.What is said about the purpose of the Olympic Games? C 2.What is said about the spirit of the Olympic Games ? B

21

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

3.What is said about the influence of the Games ? B 2. 1.Criticism. 2. It could be harmfully deployed, as in war.

3. The world is like a big family. 4. Hostilities. 5. The majority of people.

6. To explain why the Olympic Games should be continued.

Part 4 Further Listening Listening I Announcer: And in today's Sports World we have a special report from Karen Finch who is with the athletes in the Olympic Village in Atlanta. The line's clear. Can you hear me, Karen? Karen: Fine, Barry, just fine. Announcer: Great. So here is Karen Finch with her report from the Olympic Village. Karen: Well, I have two athletes with me in the studio. First, Bo Lundquist. Bo: Hi! Karen: Bo is a cyclist and he's here with the Swedish team. This is your first Olympics, isn't it, Bo? Bo: Yes, it is. Karen: And how do you feel about it? Bo: Happy, very happy. Karen: Let's talk about your training schedule, Bo. I imagine it's pretty hard. Bo: Yes, it is. I get up at five... Karen: Five! And do you start training then? Bo: Well, first I have a cup of coffee then I start training at about five- thirty. You know, it's quite cold at that time. Karen: Right! I'm sure it is. When do you finish training, Bo? Bo: Well, I practice cycling on the track for about two hours. Then I have a short break for breakfast. After that, I do exercises for another few hours. I suppose I finish at about midday. Karen: So you're free after twelve. What do you do then?

Bo: You mean, what do I do in my spare time? Karen: Right.

Bo: Well, we usually go swimming in the afternoon. That's all. I go to bed

early. I want to win a gold medal for Sweden. Karen: Well, I hope you do. Thank you, Bo Lundquist. Next we have Bob

Smith with me in the studio. Bob's a long distance runner and the

22

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

American 3000 meters champion. Bob: Hi!

Karen: Hello, Bob. How is your training going?

Bob: Fine, just fine. I have a really good program and I think I'm in

first-class condition. Karen: Tell me about it, Bob.

Bob: Well, I don't like training early in the morning. I don't know why. I just

don't like it. So I start around 10 o’clock. Karen: Mmm. And what about having lunch?

Bob: I don't have lunch. Lunch makes me tired. I train all through the day until about five o'clock. Karen: Really? So late? Bob: Yes! Then I shower and go home. Karen: So you live right here in Atlanta, do you, Bob? Bob: Yes. I'm married. We live on campus at the University. Karen: What do you do in your spare time, Bob? Bob: I don't have much spare time. I'm studying to be a doctor. Karen: Don't you have any free time? Bob: Not much. But when I relax I like listening to music. Music is really special to me. Karen: Well, thank you, Bob and Bo. Good luck! This is Karen Finch at the Olympic Village in Atlanta. Announcer: Thank you, Karen. And now for our other sports news. 1. 2,3,5,7 (√) 2. Swedish American cycling long distance running 3,000 championship 5:30 a.m. 12:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m. swimming listening to music Listening II People in tropical countries can read about winter sports but are unable to participate in them. They cannot build snowmen, throw snowballs, toboggan, or ice-skate. Above all, they cannot go skiing.

Someone defined skiing as gliding over the ground on two boards. The sport is popular in America in the states which have snow in the winter months. The pleasure we take in this healthy outdoor activity is shared by the Finns, the Russians, the Swedes, the Norwegians, the Germans, the Italians, the Swiss, and the French, who also live in temperate zones with winter climates. But what must people from Egypt, Libya, and Nigeria think of this strange sport?

23

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

Skiing, unlike tennis and baseball, is not a city sport. Until recently, even in countries with snow, it was limited to mountainous regions. Now there is a new variation that can be enjoyed by everyone. It's called ski touring.

1. 1.building snowman 2.throwing snowballs 3.tobogganing

4.ice-skating 5.skiing

2. Finland; Sweden; Switzerland; Germany; U.S.A; Italy; France; Norway; Russia (√)

Listening III Woman: On the matter of careers, a lot of the jobs that people go into are lifetime careers. What about baseball? Is it a career over one's full lifetime? Man: Baseball has been my life so far...you know. I mean, I know someday, could be tomorrow, that I'm going to be out of it. Woman: But how long can you really expect to play, let's say, actively? Man: I've set goals, and I made my first goal, which was to make it to the big leagues. Now, my next goal is to make it through four years, to get my pension. Woman: But how many years can you expect to play professional ball? Man: I'm a pitcher, and it's difficult to say because you never know whether you're going to have a sore arm, whether it's going to go out on you, or what other problem might happen. But normally, as a pitcher, I guess the prime time for a pitcher is 27 to 30. I'm 24 and this is my sixth year. Woman: Well, is there any problem with a feeling of insecurity and... Man: Yeah, there is. Especially, like I said, during my first year. I disciplined myself, and I worked hard—and that's what got me here. And I realize that I have to work hard to stay here. And there is the insecurity. Woman: You're under contract? Man: Right, I'm under contract. But that doesn't necessarily mean anything. They could send me down tomorrow. They could do whatever they wanted with me. Woman: What does it take to play professionally? I'm thinking about the level of skill. Is it something that you just work hard to get, or is there a natural sort of ability? Man: Well, there're people that have the natural ability, you know. I feel like I

didn't have much. I just worked hard and that's what got me here.

1. Male Baseball player 24 Pitcher five to six 2. 1.What is the prime career time for a pitcher? C 2. What makes the man successful in baseball, according to the conversation? A 3. What can be inferred from the conversation? D 24

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

4. Which of the following statements is true? D

5. What kind of feeling does the man have now and then ? D 6. What does the man think of baseball as a career? A

Listening IV

Learning to swim had been surprisingly easy, thanks to the Navy's policy of dealing with fear by ignoring it. My fear of deep water left after my Navy experience. On the first day in the pool, an instructor with a voice like a bullhorn ordered 50 of us to climb a high board and jump in feet first. The board looked about 200 feet high, though it may have been only 20 or 25. A line was formed to mount the ladder and jump. I drifted to the end of the line, and then stepped out when the splashing started and introduced myself to the instructor. \"I'm a non-swimmer,\" I said, \"shall I go to the shallow end of the pool?\" At City College I'd spent four years in the shallow end of the pool. \"This pool doesn't have a shallow end,\" the instructor said. \"Well, what am I going to do?\" \"Get up on that platform and jump,\" he said. The pool depth was marked as 15 feet at that point. \"I'm not kidding. I can't swim at all.\" \"Up! Up!\" he shouted. \"But I'll drown.\" \"This pool has got the best lifesaving equipment in the Navy,\" he said. \"Don't worry about it.\" \"Come on.\" Then he shouted again, \"I'm giving you an order, mister. Up!\" Quaking in every fiber, I climbed the ladder, edged out onto the board, took one look down and unable to faint, stepped back. \"Jump!\" the instructor roared. I stepped to the edge, closed my eyes, and walked into space. The impact of the water was great; then I was sinking, then My God! I was rising irresistibly to the surface. My head broke water. The water was actually supporting me, just as everybody had always said it would. The instructor glared. \"You didn't keep your legs straight,\" he shouted. \"Get back up there and do it again.\" 1. 1. What does the speaker say about learning to swim in the Navy? A 2. How high was the board/? C 3. What did the instructor do when he found out about the speaker’s problem? A 4. Why did the speaker eventually jump into the pool? A 5. What is the best way to overcome fear, according to the speaker? B 6. Which of the following is true about the speakers’ education? D 7. Which of the following can be used to describe the instructor? C 8. Why did the speaker want to go to the shallow end of the pool? B 9. Why did the instructor ask the speaker to do it again? D 25

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

10. How did the instructor assure the speaker that he wouldn’t drown? B 2. 1) drifted 2) stepped 3) introduced 4) Quaking 5) climbed 6) walked into 7)sinking 8) rising 9) broke 10)supporting

Unit 6 risks

Part One Listening 1 Scripts: Husband: Oh! It’s unbelievable! Wife: What’s the matter? Husband: The article says that lifespan varies according to race, income level and whether you are male or female. Now, can you guess which is the most important factor? Wife: Hmm, I think it might be the sex. Husband: That’s right! My grandma lived four years longer than my grandpa. Generally speaking, women live longer than men. In 1993, the average lifespan of women was 6.9 years longer than that of men in the United States. Wife: 6.9 years! I can’t believe it. Then how about race? Husband: About race, the paper says white woman live 5.1 years longer than black women. Wife: So this means I am doubly lucky since I’m a white woman. Husband: Yes. But actually the largest risk you could run is being poor. Being poor is far more likely to kill you than smoking, drinking, a hereditary disease, or an unhealthy lifestyle. Wife: That’s true. If you are poor, you may not have good living conditions, good medical care and good nutrition. But still I have a question. Why do women live longer than men? Husband: I think you’d better ask the experts. Key: Ex 1: 3, 5, 6,8,10 Ex 2: four, 6.9, 5.1, doubly, far more

Listening 2 Scripts:

The possibility that something bad will happen is a risk. Risk can also be defined as the degree of danger that goes along with an opportunity. All risks have possible negative results. However, some risks are worth taking. For example, suppose that you have the chance to join a school football team. You risk a possible injury while playing to achieve the sense of accomplishment that comes with being on the team.

26

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

You decide that the pleasure of playing is worth the injury. By being fit, you can also reduce the risk of physical injury.

How can we determine the risks involved in an action? Many risks that relate to health choices have been studied. These risks relate to choices made over activities or behaviors that influence one’s health, either positively or negatively. Scientists can use statistics to measure these risks. Statistics is a branch of mathematics that helps determine the possibility that something will occur. The information about this possibility is called statistical risk and can help you make healthy choices.

For example, statistics indicate that in the United States the chance of dying from cancer is about 20 percent. In other words, two out of every 10 deaths are due to some kind of cancer. Therefore, the risk of death from cancer is quite high. However, statistics also show that 80 percent of all cancers are related to things over which you have some control. In other words, you can make choices that will reduce your risk of developing cancer. These include such things as avoiding pollution, mot smoking and eating a diet high in fiber. If you do these things, you are less likely to develop cancer. Key: Ex 1: FTFTT Ex 2: 1.bad, degree, opportunity 2.relate, measure these risks 3.mathematics, occur 4.information, statistical risk 5.pollution, smoking, fiber Listening 3 Scripts: If you plan to go hiking in the wilderness or a national park, make sure you are prepared. A compass, a knife, and maps are essential items to take with you. You should also take wooden matches in a waterproof case; some concentrated food such as nuts and dried fruit and water in a canteen. Plan for emergencies as well. Take along first-aid equipment, shelter for the rain, and extra clothes. In order to stay warm, your head, hands and feet must be kept warm, so you should bring gloves, extra socks and a wool hat. If you get lost in the woods, first try to backtrack and find the trail you were on. Look for trail signs other people may have left, such as piles of rocks, tied bunches of grass, or broken branches. Sit down and try to figure out which direction you came from and then go back that way. If you can't find the trail, try to explore the area, marking your path as you go. Climb a tree and look for landmarks. During the day, look for roads or rooftops in the distance. At night, look for lights and sniff the air. You may be able to smell smoke from a campfire. If you detect any of these signs, start to walk in their direction, but if it is dark, find shelter for the night and wait until the morning. Even a full moon won't give you enough light to see; it can throw shadows that hide dangers.

If you are lost, do not expect to be rescued. Even if someone knows you are lost and sends out a search party, it may not find you. Therefore, if you can get out on your own, do so. However, if you cannot move far for some reason, build a bright fire at night and a smoky one during the day. Try to clear an area that can be seen from the

27

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

air, and use rocks to write a message. You can also use bright colors, shiny metal or mirrors to signal aircraft. Above all, do not panic. Key:

Ex 1: AHCLE GINJF KMOBD Ex 2: BDDDD

Listening 4 Scripts:

I've been in a lot of dangerous situations. Over in Bolivia, for example, I was working for a small airline, and we carried just about everything: animals, whisky, dynamite, and, of course, people. There were times when I felt I was flying a bomb, not a plane. Once I was taking dynamite to the mines. Dynamite! Man, I had never seen so much. They had even put some on the floor right next to me. I was certainly nervous on that trip. Well, I was flying over the mountains when suddenly the engine stopped. Somehow I got my parachute on, and got down without the plane, but I was hurt. I was lying out there for about four days before they found me. They told me later that they had almost given me up for dead. Anyway, they got me back to the hospital, and three months later I was flying again. No, I'm not afraid of flying. But there's a lot to worry about as a pilot. Key: Ex 1: 1-5 B D C D B Ex 2: 5 7 3 1 4 6 2 Part Four Further Listening Listening 1 Scripts: Balley: Hello, fire service. Grace: Oh, em, I'm ringing because I think there's a fire in the house across the street. Smoke is coming out of the upstairs windows, and I can see flames, too. Balley: Can you give me your name and address and telephone number, Madam? Grace: Yes. Grace Litton, 17, Mallett Street, Alford. Balley: I'm sorry. Can you spell Mallett, please? Grace: Yes, M, A, double L, E, double T. The telephone number is 6943168. The fire's in number 18, just across the road. Balley: Is anyone in the house? Grace: No, they've gone on holiday. They went to Bournemouth last Saturday, for two weeks.

Balley: All right, Madam. We'll send a fire engine up to Mallett Street straightaway. Grace: What shall I do? Shall I warn the neighbors?

Balley: Yes, you'd better tell the people living next door, at number 16 and number 20. But don't go into the house. Key:

Ex 1: F T T T F

Ex 2: 1. 17，Mallett Street, Alford 2. 6943168 3. fire service

4. 18 5. 16, 20

28

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

Listening 2 Scripts:

Six days ago, in Russia, a mine was flooded and lots of miners were trapped underground. Nobody knew how much air was inside and what the situation was to the trapped miners. Rescue teams tried every way to get some message from the miners, but it all seemed in vain. This caused worldwide concerns. The accident was reported by the world media. But this morning, to people's great surprise, came the dramatic news that rescue teams had dug 60 meters and tunneled through. They had discovered survivors in the part of the mine not flooded. For the rest of the miners, however, those were really anxious moments. They had prepared themselves for the worst. Now suddenly there was hope that they could see their loved ones again. And then they too were rescued and brought out of the mine. Exhausted and wounded, they were not strong enough to wave to their relatives or friends. Wrapped with blankets, these survivors were carefully handed over to the ambulances and taken to a nearby hospital. However, not everyone survived. One miner was reported to have been found dead, another missing. Key: Ex 1: CBCDA Listening 3 Scripts: ( Joe Burns is a famous racing driver. He is being interviewed on a sports program.) Reporter: You've had a very dangerous life, haven't you, Joe? I mean, you've been almost killed several times? Joe: Yes. I suppose that's right. Reporter: When was your worst accident? Joe: I'd say last year. It was during the British Grand Prix. I smashed into a wall. The car was completely ruined and my left leg was broken. Luckily, nobody was killed. Reporter: Is that the only time you've been close to death? Joe: No. Once, during the Mexican Grand Prix, two cars in front of me had a bad accident. One of them ran into the other. I swerved to avoid them and hit a fence. My car was badly damaged, but luckily, I wasn't even hurt. Reporter: You must enjoy danger. I mean, you wouldn't be a racing-driver otherwise?

Joe: I don't know about that. I had a very frightening experience quite recently. I was frightened to death! I thought I was going to be killed at any moment. Reporter: Really? Was that during your last race?

Joe: No. It was on my way to this studio. I had to drive through London during rush hour. Key:

Ex 1: TTFFF

Ex 2: 1. killed 2. wall 3. leg 4. killed 5. two 6 .avoid 7. hit

29

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

8. damaged 9. hurt 10 .frightening

Listening 4 Scripts:

On the morning of April 10, 1912, the luxury liner, Titanic, left England on a voyage to New York. Four days later she lay at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. On July 18, 1956, the ocean liner, Andrea Doria, left Italy. It was also traveling to New York. Eight days later, this great ship also lay at the bottom of the Atlantic.

The sinking of the two huge ships shocked the world. Reports of the two tragedies filled the newspapers for days. When Andrea Doria went down, people compared her sinking with the sinking of Titanic. There were similarities between the two events; however, there were also important differences. What were some of these similarities? First of all, both ships were transatlantic ocean liners. In addition, they were both luxury liners. They carried many of the world's rich and famous people. In fact, 10 American millionaires lost their lives when Titanic went down. Today, millions of dollars worth of gold, silver, and cash may still remain locked inside these two sunken ships. Another similarity is that as each ship was sinking, there were acts of heroism and of evil. Some people acted very bravely, even heroically. Some people even gave up their lives so that others could live. There were also some people who acted like cowards. For example, one man on Titanic dressed up as a woman so that he could get into a lifeboat and save his own life. One last similarity is that both of these ships were considered \"unsinkable\". People believed that they would never sink. There are also differences between these great ship disasters. To begin with, Titanic was on her very first voyage across the Atlantic; Andrea Doria, on the other hand, was on her hundred and first transatlantic crossing. Another difference is that the ships sank for different reasons. Titanic struck an iceberg; while Andrea Doria collided with another ship. Also, Andrea Doria had radar to warn of the approach of another ship; but Titanic was not equipped with radar--It had only a lookout. The lookout was only able to see the iceberg moments before the ship struck it. But, of course, the greatest difference between these two terrible accidents is the number of lives lost. When Titanic sank, more than 1,500 people died--They drowned or froze to death in the icy North Atlantic water. Also, about 700 people survived the sinking. In the Andrea Doria accident, 60 people lost their lives, and around 1,650 lives were saved. One of the reasons that so many people died on Titanic is that the ship was considered to be unsinkable, so there were about half the number of necessary lifeboats to rescue all the people aboard. Andrea Doria had more than enough lifeboats to rescue every person on the ship. However, they were only able to use about half of the lifeboats due to a mechanical problem. The passengers and crew of Andrea Doria were very lucky that another ship was able to rescue most of them. The passengers on Titanic were not so fortunate. It is interesting too that the wreck of Titanic was only found in September, 1985. Key:

Ex 1: TFTFFFFF

30

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻 -

Ex 2: 1. New York 2. luxury liners 3. heroism 4. evil 5. “unsinkable” 6. July 26,1956 7. 1 8. 101 9. Iceberg 10. Yes 11. 1500 12. 60 13, half 14. More than enough 15. another ship

31