人教版2020高考英语一轮基础练Unit13People(含解析)北师大版必修5

李仕才

Ⅰ 阅读理解

A

Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the

characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.

Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.

“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.

As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.

Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.

1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends? A. Teenagers. C. The elderly.

B. Adults. D.A couple.

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2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean? A. No man is willing to live on an island. B. Man usually doesn’t go to an island C. Everyone is related with our society. D. Our society is just like an island. 3.What can we learn about outgoing people? A. They like being alone.

B. They are fond of making friends. C. They have intense friendships. D. They have fewer close friends indeed 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The formation of close friends. B. The number of real friends. C. Honesty, love and affection.

D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness.

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。人人需要友谊，需要归属感。

1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Many studies have shown that teenagers who

have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，没有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故选A。

3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded

by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜欢交朋友。故选B。

4.D 【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的，不

管亲密程度如何，友谊都是建立在互惠，真诚，爱和情感的基础上的。

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B

(2017·河北石家庄第一次模拟)When I was about ten years old, I was walking down the street with my mother.She stopped to speak to Mr.Lee, and I knew I could see Mr.Lee any time around the neighborhood, so I didn’t pay any attention to him.After we passed Mr.Lee, my mother stopped me and said something that has stuck with me from that day until now.She said，“You let that be the last time you’ve ever walked by somebody and not opened up your mouth to speak, because even a dog will wag its tail when it passes you on the street.” Mother’s words sound simple, but it’s been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am.

It’s not just something I believe in; it’s become a way of life.I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledge their presence, no matter how humble(卑微的) they may be.

At work, I always said hello to the founder of the company and asked him how our business was doing.But I also spoke to the people who cleaned the buildings and asked how their children were doing.After a few years of greeting the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a meeting.We had a great talk.At a certain point I asked him how far he thought I could go in his company.He said, “If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.”

I’ve become vice president, but that hasn’t changed the way I approach people.I still follow my mother’s advice.I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am.I’ve learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, and it allows them to come into mine, too.

【解题导语】 作者小时候因为在路上没有给邻居打招呼而受到了母亲的批评。母亲的话使作者悟出了主动与别人交流的重要性。

1．What did the author do when he met Mr.Lee? A．He talked with somebody else. B．He was attracted by a dog. C．He greeted him politely. D．He ignored him.

D 解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的“so I didn’t pay any attention to him”可知，作者的母亲与邻居说话时，作者没有在意邻居，故选D。

2．What kind of person is the author’s mother? A．Optimistic. B．Kind­hearted. C．Strict.

D．Open­minded.

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C 解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段的“You let that be the last time you’ve ever walked by somebody...because even a dog will wag its tail when it passes you on the street.”可推知，母亲对作者很严格。

3．How did the company founder reply to the author? A．He played a joke.

B．He inspired him.

D．He gave him the seat.

C．He invited him to coffee.

B 解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段的“If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.”可知，公司的创办人说如果作者想要在公司获得很大发展，他完全可以坐到创办人的位置，由此可推知，这位领导在鼓励作者。

4．What does the author think of saying hello to people? A．It can build connections with others.

B．It’s a way to show sympathy to humble people. C．It’s a must to become a president. D．It can bring him what he wants.

A 解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, and it allows them to come into mine, too”可知，向别人问候有助于建立人际关系，故选A。

C

Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (学步的儿童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠无情的)

characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on.

Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of their child and provide their child’s genes so it’s been difficult to know if we’re seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.”

The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development

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of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers’ antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies.

“The really exciting take-home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互动) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in children’s development,’’ said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection.

“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. 1.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Kids’ social behaviors are related to crime. B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence.

C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime. D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future. 2.What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study? A. Antisocial behaviors might be inherited. B. The genes decide kids’ antisocial behaviors. C. Antisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes.

D. Adopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up. 3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Parenting is the main reason that causes kids’ antisocial behaviors. B. What causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents’ characteristics.

C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers’ active interactions

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with kids.

D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting. 4.Why will researchers track kids’ process of growing? A. To make sure if kids’ behaviors will last. B. To make sure if praise will change kids.

C. To determine if kids’ behaviors will be inherited. D. To determine if parents’ comfort will protect kids.

【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，积极的育儿方式可以减轻孩子的行为。

1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Career criminals begin their

antisocial behavior during their toddler years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介绍了孩子们的行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，故C项正确。

3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a

very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties”可知，积极的育儿教育可以减轻孩子遗传的行为，故D项正确。 4.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Researchers will follow the group of children

through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. ”可知，研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的行为是否会持续下去，故A项正确。

D

(2017·辽宁沈阳一模)When going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time.We’ve all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed—graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc.I don’t think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity.If

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you’ve ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well.

Most people don’t make these choices consciously (意识到地) though.You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship.But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.

There’s_no_“getting_rid_of_people”．People are always dropping into and out of each other’s lives.Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations.You don’t get rid of anyone.The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.

What about loyalty(忠诚)? Shouldn’t you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if their influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldn’t you stick by them?

Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go.It means being loyal to their highest and best self as well.If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you aren’t showing loyalty by smoking right along with him.True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.

It can take a lot of courage to tell someone，“I’m sorry, but I can’t have you in my life anymore.”But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, it’s often the best thing for the other person too.If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it’s also hurting the other person.For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.

1．When experiencing major life changes, people may ________． A．join a new social community B．influence their friends around C．choose their friendships purposely D．have their people environment changed

D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“When going through major life changes...I would change the people with whom I spent the most time...experienced a major switch in your people environment”可知，当经历人生重大改变时，人们也会经历人际环境的改变。即 D 项正确。

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2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Everyone has at least one friend. B．It is unnecessary to make new friends.

C．Friendship still exists though there’s less connection. D．You ought to treat your old and new friend equally.

C 解析：句意理解题。根据画线句后的“People are always dropping into and out of each other’s lives.Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations.You don’t get rid of anyone...you may need to...existing connections.”可知，尽管人们之间的联系少了，但友谊依然存在。故选C项。

3．What is the author’s opinion on the loyalty to friends? A．Never betray your close friends whatever happens. B．Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness. C．Stick by your friends even though they do harm to you. D．Break up with your friends immediately if they smoke.

B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的第二句和最后一句可知，作者对朋友忠诚的态度是捍卫他们的优点但也要纠正错误，即B项正确。

4．How should we behave when employed by a violent boss? A．We should accept what we are told to do. B．We should stay silent and be in favor of it. C．We should bravely disobey him if he is wrong. D．We should give our boss courage to continue.

C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently”可知，如果老板错了，员工就要勇敢地不去服从，即C项正确。

Ⅱ 七选五

Alone But Not Lonely

(2017·广州综合测试)In today’s fast­paced society, we’ve become uncomfortable with silence.We try to find different types of activities that can help us escape feelings of laziness or boredom.1.________Solitude (独处) does not have to be uncomfortable or lonely.In fact, solitude and loneliness are very different things.

The death of a loved one or the inability to find people who understand you can leave you feeling lonely.Even if you are surrounded by other people, it’s natural to experience an emptiness while longing for love or acceptance.2.________

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Geoffrey F．Fisher once said，“In cities, no one is quiet but many are lonely.3.________”

We often fill loneliness with all types of unsatisfying activities.Young people would rather spend a Friday night out with strangers, than spend the night alone.They’re looking for a way to kill time while they await true friendship.Then there are young adults in gangs where they don’t really like their companions.4.________Why does being alone scare us?

Do not be afraid of silence.5.________It teaches you how to truly listen.It teaches you to pay attention to what’s going on inside of you.Only when we are alone can we have the space and peace we need to think without being outwardly influenced.It therefore becomes easier to make important decisions as well as to reflect on how we are feeling.

A．Loneliness is therefore a feeling that can be experienced whether or not one is physically alone.

B．They would rather feel accepted on a shallow level than risk feeling alone. C．The problem of loneliness can be easily solved in a modern world. D．But, when doing so, the main thing we are trying to avoid is loneliness. E．In the country, people are quiet but few are lonely. F．It can provide you with amazing benefits. G．It guides you through hardships.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。在当今快节奏的社会中，我们无法在安静中做到平静。但是，独处并不意味着孤独。独处自有它的魅力。

1．D 解析：根据上文可知，在当今快节奏的社会，我们设法参加各种活动以摆脱懒散和无聊。根据下文可知，独处不一定就是不舒服抑或孤独，事实上它和孤独是两回事。D项“但当这样去做时，我们试图避免的主要问题就是孤独”与上下文紧密联系，说的是上述各种摆脱懒散和无聊的活动其实是为了逃脱孤独。故D项正确。

2．A 解析：根据上文可知，在你渴望爱与接受时，即使你周围有很多人，你也会感到空虚。A项“因此孤独是一种感觉，无论一个人是否是独自一人都能体会到这种感觉”是对上文孤独含义的阐述。故A项正确。

3．E 解析：根据Geoffrey F．Fisher所说的话可知，此处是把城市和乡村里人们对孤独的感受进行对比。E项“在农村，人们很安静，但是没几个人感觉孤独”符合语境。故E项正确。

4．B 解析：根据上文可知，年轻人宁愿和陌生人一起也不愿独自待一个晚上。他们寻找消磨时间的方式，同时也渴望真正的友谊。因此年轻人在一起拉帮结派，但并不喜欢自己

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的伙伴。根据下文可知，为什么独处让我们这样害怕呢？由此可知，B项“他们宁愿从表面上被人接受也不愿冒感觉孤独的风险”与上下文紧密联系。故B项正确。

5．F 解析：根据上文可知，不要害怕沉默，下文讲到沉默的种种好处。由此可知，F项“它能给你带来令人惊叹的好处”能引起下文，符合语境。故F项正确。

Ⅲ、七选五

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 1 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 2 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

• 3 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

• 4 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a ＂victim mentality＂. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

•You didn’t lose ＂everything＂.Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 5 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

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E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。

1.B 【解析】根据上句＂信任是我们从过去的经历中获取的一种行为＂和下句＂信任是一

种冒险＂可知，此空填B，本句是对第一句话的进一步解释：＂信任是信赖某人＂。 2.E 【解析】上句＂有时，人们简直无法再信任(别人)了＂；下句＂这是可以理解的＂，

由此可推测本句应是解释人们无法信任某人的原因。故填E。

3.A 【解析】由下句＂对自己有信心能帮助你做出更好的选择＂可知，前一句应是＂学会

真正信任自己＂，故填A。

4.C 【解析】由本段最后一句＂在我们生活中的某些时候，我们的信任会被检验或打破＂可

知，此处应填C，意为＂不要认为自己是个受害者＂。

5.G 【解析】副词＂Instead＂表示转折。可推测这里应是＂看到事物积极的一面并不意味

着你无视已经发生的事＂。故填G。

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