2021届高考英语大一轮复习课时作业26Unit13People含解析北师大版

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

After a salon (美容院) turns away a physically challenged woman, a stranger makes a truly beautiful gesture. “Beauty isn't about having a pretty face. It's about having a pretty mind, a pretty heart, and a pretty soul, oh, and pretty nails！” That may well be Angela Peters's motto.

Last July, Peters, 36, rolled her wheelchair into a nail salon at the Walmart shopping centre in Burton, Michigan, with the idea of painting her nails. But Peters was turned away. The salon told her that they were afraid it would be too difficult to properly paint her nails given that her hands shook. What was meant to be a day of happiness for Peters was a disappointment.

Ebony Harris, 40, saw everything and approached Peters. Harris offered to do her nails. They shopped for nail polish. They settled on a bright blue—a statement color that would catch every eye. They then made their way into a neighboring subway, found a table for two, and set up shop. Harris gently took Peters's hand on hers and carefully began painting her nails.

Watching it all with awe and in admiration was a subway employee Tasia Smith. What struck her most was the ease and gentleness displayed by Harris as she painted Peters's nails, all the while chatting as if they were old friends.

Peters, who runs a poetry website, harbors (心怀) no bitterness toward the nail salon that turned her away. (The salon said they refused to offer Peters service because they were too busy.) “When people do us wrong we must forgive，” Peters wrote on her website. “I just want to educate people that people with different challenges, like being in a wheelchair, can have our own business and get our nails done like anyone else.”

本文是一篇记叙文。在美容院拒绝了一位残疾女士美甲的要求之后，一个陌生人主动帮这位残疾女士做美甲。通过故事，作者想告诉我们，身患残疾的人一样可以有自己的事业，享受和正常人一样的待遇。不是外表美才叫美，有美丽的心灵和灵魂才是真正的美。

1．Why did Peters go to the Walmart shopping centre? A．To go shopping. B．To eat at a subway. C．To meet her friend Harris. D．To have her nails painted. 答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Last July, Peters, 36, rolled her wheelchair into a nail salon at the Walmart shopping centre in Burton, Michigan, with the idea

of painting her nails”可知，Peters去沃尔玛购物中心的美甲店，想给指甲涂颜色。故D项正确。

2．What's the reason for Peters's disappointment? A．That she was disabled. B．That she was turned away. C．That the salon was busy. D．That she had no nail polish. 答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But Peters was turned away. The salon told her that they were afraid it would be too difficult to properly paint her nails given that her hands shook...a disappointment”可知，美容院告诉她因为她的手抖动，他们恐怕很难给她涂指甲。也就是说，她被拒绝了，这让她很失望。故B项正确。

3．How do you find Ebony Harris? A．Mean. C．Caring. 答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可知，看到Peters遭到拒绝后，Ebony Harris带她去买指甲油并帮她涂指甲，并且像老朋友一样跟她聊天。由此可推知，Ebony Harris很会关心他人。C项“关心他人的”，符合语境。A项意为“吝啬的”；B项意为“乐观的”；D项意为“固执的”。

4．What does Peters intend to tell us by writing on her website? A．It's better to use websites to educate people. B．The salon has its reasonable reason to refuse her. C．Those who did something wrong should not be forgiven. D．People with different challenges should be treated equally. 答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Peters在网站上写的话“When people do us wrong we must forgive”“I just want to educate people that people with different challenges, like being in a wheelchair, can have our own business and get our nails done like anyone else”可知，Peters意在说明有不同残疾的人应该受到公平对待。故D项正确。

B

When we look at a lovely baby, a puppy or a really cute kitten, many of us want to squeeze it. Why is that?

According to a study published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioral

B．Optimistic. D．Stubborn.

Neuroscience, it's a typical experience of “cute aggression”. The experience

results from the fight between the brain's “emotion system”， which impels (驱使) people to squeeze cute things, and its “reward system” which deals with feelings of “wanting”．

In the study, 54 participants between the ages of 18 and 40 were presented with four groups of photos. Two of the groups of photos were of cute human babies and animals and the other two were of less adorable adult humans and animals. As the participants looked at the photos, the researchers watched their brain activities.

According to the researchers, the participants' reward systems were found to be active as they looked at the cute babies, and they seemed to be overwhelmed (征服). By contrast, the reward systems of the people looking at the less cute adults were found to be inactive, and they seemed to be less impelled by their reward systems.

This suggests that cute things activate their emotion systems in such a way that people are overwhelmed by the experience of cuteness. But reward systems work against these emotions by creating the desire to protect cute things.

As Katherine Stavropoulos, the lead researcher of this study at the University of California in the US told Science Alert, “The cute aggression is the brain's way of ‘bringing us back down’ by balancing our feelings of being overwhelmed.”

Stavropoulos compared this process of balancing to an evolutionary adaptation. Such an adaptation may have taken place to ensure that people are able to continue taking care of creatures they consider particularly cute.

So, although cute babies and adorable animals may look completely helpless, their vulnerable (易受伤害的) appearance may in fact help them to survive.

本文是一篇说明文。为什么你看到萌物就想捏？研究告诉你，这是大脑调节情绪的一种自然反应，叫作：cute aggression (萌系侵略性)。

5．According to the text, “cute aggression” refers to ________. A．the emotion of wanting to protect cute things B．the task of the emotion system and the reward system C．the adaptation of consistently taking care of cute creatures D．the behavior of squeezing a cute baby or animal when seeing it 答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“want to squeeze it”和第二段中的“According to a study published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, it's a typical experience of ‘cute aggression’”可知，cute aggression (萌系侵略性)是指看到萌物就想要去捏一下的行为，故选D项。

6．In nature, “cute aggression” is caused by ________. A．the need of the brain to balance all feelings B．the photos of cute human babies and animals C．the vulnerable appearance of babies or animals

D．the conflict between the emotion system and the reward system 答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The experience results from the fight between

the brain's ‘emotion system’．..its ‘reward system’．..feelings of ‘wanting’”可知，萌系侵略性源于大脑的“情感系统”和“奖赏系统”之间的斗争，故选D项。

7．Which of the following statements about the study is TRUE? A．Facial expressions of the participants were observed. B．Katherine Stavropoulos conducted this study on her own.

C．Cute babies and animals affected brain activities of all the participants. D．The participants were divided into two groups in order to make a comparison. 答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“the participants' reward systems were found to be active...they seemed to be overwhelmed (征服)”和第五段中的“cute things activate their emotion systems...of cuteness”可以推断，当人们看到萌物时，他们大脑的奖赏系统和情感系统就活跃起来，故选C项。

8．What is the author's purpose in writing this text? A．To persuade readers to protect cute animals. B．To stress the significance of cute aggression. C．To present research findings on cute aggression. D．To share an interesting phenomenon with readers. 答案：C

解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种心理现象——cute aggression，这是研究者在一项研究中发现的，故选C项。

Ⅱ.七选五

Running is a great way to get into shape and just about everyone can do it. Given that it's so easy to take up the sport, a lot of beginners jump right into running without actually knowing what it takes to establish a healthy routine. __1__. If you are just starting out, avoid the following things to help you increase your chances of running success.

Doing too much too soon

One of the biggest mistakes beginners make is doing too much too soon. Picking up a new hobby like running is no doubt exciting. Runners need to ease into the sport before increasing the distance. __2__.

__3__

Beginners might think they need to run nearly every day to meet their fitness or weight­loss goals, but this couldn't be further from the truth. __4__，especially for beginners whose muscles and bones haven't yet been conditioned for such intense (剧烈的) exercise. So it's important to give your body ample rest between workouts. Follow a training plan that includes rest days.

Comparing yourself to others

__5__. You're excited about running, so you are probably reading running blogs, magazines and message boards where you might start to feel inadequate about your

own running pace. Instead of looking down on yourself, remember that every runner was once a beginner and use their success as motivation!

A．Not running every day B．Not taking rest days

C．Running is a demanding activity which can be really hard on your body D．As mentioned, a healthy routine is what they attach importance to E．When starting out with running, it's tough not to compare yourself to others F．Many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (干扰) with training or lead to injury

G．It will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue with your new running routine

该文主要介绍了跑步需要避免的几个误区，包括刚开始就猛烈运动、从不间断、与其他人比较。

1．F 解析：本空承上启下。承接上文很多初跑者在不知道如何建立健康的模式的情况下就开始跑步，因此很多人会犯一些常见的错误，与下文如何避免错误衔接，故选F项。

2．G 解析：承接前一句“Runners need to ease into the sport before increasing the distance”可推知，此空应是进一步解释这样做的益处，故选G项。

3．B 解析：根据本段最后两句可推知，本段主要讲述了跑步的一个误区，即没有休息日，故选B项。

4．C 解析：根据空后一句，特别是对于那些肌肉和骨骼还没有适应这项运动的初跑者，可推知此处是说跑步是很有难度的，故C项“跑步是一项要求很高的运动，对你的身体来说真的很难”符合语境。故选C项。

5．E 解析：承接本段的标题Comparing yourself to others可知，此空进一步阐释了一种普遍现象，即初跑者很难不和其他人进行比较，故选E项。

Ⅲ.语法填空

Household garbage sorting and recycling have become a hot topic in Shanghai because of China's first compulsory garbage­separation law __1__ every household and institution shall classify waste into four __2__ (category). Those who fail to sort garbage may __3__ (fine) up to 200 yuan.

Previously, everything went into one bin, so this change has made many people very __4__ (worry), who said they were struggling to master the details quickly.

Now thanks to the efforts of __5__ number of young programmers, discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple as taking a photo __6__ calling someone using your smartphone.

They have applied speech and image recognition technologies __7__ apps and other smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through the garbage­separation rules.

Most of the apps and services, which __8__ (begin) springing up last month in app stores, on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay, allow users

to type in the name of waste __9__ (identify) which category it belongs to. Many apps also use speech and image recognition to make the process much easier, but their creators say they will disappear in time with the Chinese __10__ (become) more accustomed to the rules.

随着上海垃圾分类条例的实施，垃圾分类和回收成为上海的热点话题；中国年轻的程序员利用声像识别技术，将垃圾分类的工作变得如拍照或使用智能手机打电话一样容易。

1．that

解析：考查同位语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，作前面名词词组“China's first compulsory garbage­separation law”的同位语，解释说明该名词词组，空处在从句中不充当句子成分，应用that引导该同位语从句。

2．categories

解析：考查名词的单复数。category为可数名词，根据该句中的“four”可知，该处用复数形式。

3．be_fined

解析：考查语态。该句意为：那些没能进行垃圾分类的人可能会被罚高达200元。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，该句主语Those和动词fine之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。

4．worried

解析：考查形容词。分析该句结构可知，空处作make的宾语补足语，宾语为many people，故用形容词worried。

5．a

解析：考查冠词。a number of为固定搭配，意为“许多”。该处指“许多年轻的程序员”。

6．or

解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后是选择关系。该处表示与拍照片或者使用智能手机打电话一样简单。故用连词or。

7．to

解析：考查固定搭配。apply...to...为固定搭配，意为“将……应用于……”。该处表示将声像识别技术应用于应用程序和其他智能手机的服务。

8．began

解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“last month”可知，此处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

9．to_identify

解析：考查动词不定式。该处表示允许用户输入垃圾的名称以识别它属于哪一类，据此可知，此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。

10．becoming

解析：考查with复合结构。分析该句结构可知，空处为the Chinese的补足语，the Chinese和动词become为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词形式becoming。