大学英语2第7单元资料-推荐下载

I. Vocabulary (20%)

Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with a correct preposition or adverb and write down your answers on your Answer Sheet.

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

Now that you take charge _____ the project, you are supposed to put things in order.When he is asked the secrets of his success, he always attributes it ______ his hard work.________ the exterior, he is very calm, even he is faced with danger.

Tonight’s performance has been put off till next week due to circumstances ________ our control.

The committee blew _____ because they couldn’t come to an agreement on a series of issues.If you cannot attend the meeting yourself for one reason or another, please find someone to substitute _______ you.

They are doing all they can to cut ________ steel-making time and in the meanwhile improve quality.

We should keep _______ mind that our country is still a developing country and we should devote ourselves to building it into a powerful nation.

You had better cut _____ the last two paragraphs of your article in order to make it short.He cut _____ through the woods to where he had been standing before.

II. Cloze (20%)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are three choices marked A, B and C. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and write down your answers on your Answer Sheet.

You should learn to take charge of your life and recognize many things are beyond your control. For those who are “__1___ reactors”, being tense may ___2___ tremendous and rapid increases __3___ blood pressure. Studies show ___4___ alarm or stress chemicals ___5___ literally burst heart muscle fibers, __6____ many short circuits ____7__ causing crazy heart rhythms. __8_____ main factors causing harmful ___9__ of stress are fear, ___10____ and doubt, together with the lack of control. For ___11___ women and people who ____12___ direction in life, ___13___ authorities believe anger is __14____ root of their stress. The NICE factors—new, interesting, ___15__ experiences are recommended __16___ calm yourself down. ___17___ Ben Franklin, you have ___18___ set your priorities. In order to face all the problems __19___ which you have ___20___ control, you can’t fight or flee. You have to learn how to flow.1. A. cold 2. A. causes 3. A. at 4. A. access 5. A. can 6. A. creating 7. A. but 8. A. Other 9. A. levels

B. hot C. heavyB. cause C. causedB. to C. inB. excess C. unlessB. cannot C. mightB. creative C. createdB. and C. orB. The C. ManyB. leveling C. level

III. Skimming and Scanning (20%)

Directions: In this part, you are required to answer the questions on Answer Sheet.For questions1-7, mark

Y (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage,N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage,NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Our dreams combine verbal, visual and emotional stimuli into a sometimes broken, nonsensical but often entertaining story line. We can sometimes even solve problems in our sleep. Or can we? Many experts disagree on exactly what the purpose of our dreams might be. Are they strictly random brain impulses, or are our brains actually working through issues from our daily life while we sleep -- as a sort of coping mechanism? Should we even bother to interpret our dreams? Many say yes, that we have a great deal to learn from our dreams.

Why do we Dream?

For centuries, we've tried to figure out just why our brains play these nightly shows for us. Early civilizations thought dream worlds were real, physical worlds that they could enter only from their dream state. Researchers continue to toss around many theories about dreaming. Those theories essentially fall into two categories:

● The idea that dreams are only physiological stimulations● The idea that dreams are psychologically necessary

Physiological theories are based on the idea that we dream in order to exercise various neural connections that some researchers believe affect certain types of learning. Psychological theories are based on the idea that dreaming allows us to sort through problems, events of the day or things that are requiring a lot of our attention. Some of these theorists think dreams might be prophetic. Many researchers and scientists also believe that perhaps it is a combination of the two theories.Dreaming and the Brain

When we sleep, we go through five sleep stages. The first stage is a very light sleep from which it is easy to wake up. The second stage moves into a slightly deeper sleep, and stages three

10. A. certainty

11. A. professional 12. A. have none 13. A. some 14. A. a

15. A. challenges 16. A. only to 17. A. Unlike 18. A. to 19. A. over 20. A. lesser B. certainly C. uncertaintyB. professors C. professionB. have hardly C. have noB. few C. manyB. the C. an

B. challenging C. challengedB. in order to C. in orderB. Likes C. LikeB. up C. offB. under C. besideB. least C. little

and four represent our deepest sleep. Our brain activity throughout these stages is gradually slowing down so that by deep sleep, we experience nothing but delta brain waves -- the slowest brain waves. About 90 minutes after we go to sleep and after the fourth sleep stage, we begin REM sleep.

Rapid eye movement (REM) was discovered in 1953 by University of Chicago researchers Eugene Aserinsky, a graduate student in physiology, and Nathaniel Kleitman, Ph.D., chair of physiology. REM sleep is primarily characterized by movements of the eyes and is the fifth stage of sleep.

How to Improve Your Dream Recall

It is said that five minutes after the end of a dream, we have forgotten 50 percent of the dream's content. Ten minutes later, we've forgotten 90 percent of its content. Why is that? We don't forget our daily actions that quickly. The fact that they are so hard to remember makes their importance seem less.

There are many resources both on the Web and in print that will give you tips on how to improve your recall of dreams. Those who believe we have a lot to learn about ourselves from our dreams are big proponents of dream journals. Here are some steps you can take to increase your dream recall:

● When you go to bed, tell yourself you will remember your dreams.

● Set your alarm to go off every hour and half so you'll wake up around the times that you leave REM sleep -- when you're most likely to remember your dreams. (Or, drink a lot of water before you go to bed to ensure you have to wake up at least once in the middle of the night!) ● Keep a pad and pencil next to your bed.

● Try to wake up slowly to remain within the \"mood\" of your last dream.

Common Dream Themes and Their Interpretations● Being naked in public

Most of us have had the dream at some point that we're at school, work or some social event, and we suddenly realize we forgot to put on clothes! Experts say this means:

◆ We're trying to hide something (and without clothes we have a hard time doing that).

◆ We're not prepared for something, like a presentation or test (and now everyone is going to know -- we're exposed!).

If we're naked but no one notices, then the interpretation is that whatever we're afraid of is unfounded. If we don't care that we're naked, the interpretation is that we're comfortable with who we are.● Falling

You're falling, falling, falling... and then you wake up. This is a very common dream and is said to symbolize insecurities and anxiety. Something in your life is essentially out of control and there is nothing you can do to stop it. Another interpretation is that you have a sense of failure about something. Maybe you're not doing well in school or at work and are afraid you're going to be fired or expelled. Again, you feel that you can't control the situation. ● Being chased

The ever-popular chase dream can be extremely frightening. What it usually symbolizes is that you're running away from your problems. What that problem is depends on who is chasing you. It

1. This passage mainly discusses different theories about why we have dreams at night.2. Early theories held that dreams were reflection of people’s real, physical worlds.

3. According to physiological theories, dreaming allows us to sort through problems or events of the day that require our attention.

4. REM occurs at the third and fourth stage during which we experience the deepest sleep.5. The reason why dreams do not seem important is that they are very difficult to remember.6. Trying to get recorded what you said or did in your dream can help increase your dream recall.7. If a person dreams he is naked but is not noticed by others, it means what he is afraid of is groundless.

8. You are falling, falling, falling in your dream, which is said to symbolize _ .9. Being chased in a dream usually means that you’re escaping from your  .10. One of the interpretations for flying dreams is that you are and nothing can defeat you.IV. Reading comprehension (20%)

Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answers on your Answer Sheet.

may be a problem at work, or it may be something about yourself that you know is destructive.

For example, you may be drinking too much, and your dream may be telling you that your drinking is becoming a real problem.

● Taking an exam (or forgetting that you have one)

This is another very common dream. You suddenly realize you are supposed to be taking an exam at that very moment. You might be running through the hallways and can't find the classroom. This type of dream can have several variations that have similar meanings. (Maybe your pen won't write, so you can't finish writing your answers.) What experts say this may mean is that you're being scrutinized about something or feel you're being tested -- maybe you're facing a challenge you don't think you're up to. You don't feel prepared or able to hold up to the scrutiny. It may also mean there is something you've neglected that you know needs your attention. ● Flying

Many flying dreams are the result of lucid dreaming (清醒梦). Not all flying dreams are, however. Typically, dreaming that you are flying means you are on top of things. You are in control of the things that matter to you. Or, maybe you've just gained a new perspective on things. It may also mean you are strong willed and feel like no one and nothing can defeat you. If you are having problems maintaining your flight, someone or something may be standing in the way of you having control. If you are afraid while flying, you may have challenges that you don't feel up to. ● Running, but going nowhere

This theme can also be part of the chasing dream. You're trying to run, but either your legs won't move or you simply aren't going anywhere -- as if you were on a treadmill (踏车). According to some, this dream means you have too much on your plate. You're trying to do too many things at once and can't catch up or ever get ahead.

1.Dr. Kleitman thinks that ___________.

A.getting up late in the morning means laziness

B.if your energy peak is in the evening, you might like getting up earlyC.people can do nothing about energy cycle

D.spending some time yawning and stretching helps to keep you energetic2.According to the passage, family quarrels may result from __________.

A.the same energy cycle of family membersB.unawareness of different energy cyclesC.failing to get up early in the morningD.knowledge of energy cycles

3.If you are used to getting up late in the morning, you are likely to be most energetic

__________.

A.in the morningB.at noon

C.in the afternoonD.in the evening

4.What’s the likely relationship between energy cycle and body temperature?

A.Energy cycle and body temperature are the same thingsB.The higher your temperature is, the less energetic you are.C.The higher your temperature is, the more energetic you areD.There is no direct relation between them

Passage 1

Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.

During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you are “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic (精力充沛) is when your cycle of body temperature is at this peak（高峰）．For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar words as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is he is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has/

You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.

Get off to a slow start, which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yarn (哈欠) and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy for your sharper hours.

5.Which of the following statements is not true?

A.One can change his energy cycle once he makes up his mindB.We still don’t know why people have different energy cycles.C.Habit will help to make our life fit energy cycles better

D.If you rise earlier than usual, you will be more efficient at your low point in the

morning.Passage 2

Here are six questions about your approach to life. Try to answer them as honestly as you can.Are you hard driving and competitive?Are you usually pressed for time?Do you want to control others?

Do you have a strong need to do better than others in most things?Do you eat too quickly?

Do you get upset when you have to wait for anything?

If you have answered “yes” to most of these questions, then I can make a few predictions(预测) about you, based on a recent eight-year study of nearly two thousand people who live the way that you do.

You likely find that life is full of challenges and you often need to keep two or more projects moving at the same time. The chances are that you have been to college, that you have a management job and that you bring work home at night. You think that you put more effort into your job than many of the people you work with, and you certainly take your work more seriously than most of them. You get angry easily, and if someone is being long-winded(拐弯抹角的)，you help them get to the point. You also have trouble finding the time to get your hair cut.

And there’s one other thing. You are about twice as likely to have a heart attack as someone who takes a more easy-going(心平气和的) approach to life.

The beginnings of your hard-driving behavior go right back to childhood. In school you got recognition and perhaps prizes for being quick and bright, for being an achieve, for competing with others and for winning. You likely went on from schoo1 to get a series of increasingly better jobs against pretty stiff competition. They were jobs where you had to care about the results, where you constantly had to push things forward and get things done. In your present job you also feel some conflict, either with time or with other people. Some of those you work with don’t seem able to understand the simplest ideas, and they often put of those you work with don’t seem able to understand the simplest ideas, and they often put a brake(约束)on what you’re trying to achieve. The conflict may not take place every day. You pride yourself on being able to keep the lid on. But it’s always there, under the surface.

6. If you answers to above question are “yes”, you are likely to A. enjoy your food at dinner B. be good listeners

C. wait a few seconds before answering a question D. have more chances to suffer from a heart attack

7. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that his hard-driving character .A. has been developed since childhood B. may be changed by your experiences C. will place no influence on your work D. enables you to be a successful person

8. Which of the following words is not appropriate to describe this type of people? A. Competitive. B. Nervous. C. Easygoing. D. Ambitious.

9. What is implied in the last sentence? A. The lid will always remain in place. B. The conflict may occur any moment.

C. The situation is always under your control.

D. You are able to solve the problem.10. The main idea of the passage is .

A. why competitive people are more likely to succeed in their career B. how people can relax themselves

C. why hard-driving people are likely to have a heart attack D. how personality affects your attitude toward life

Passage 3

In the early days of the internet, many people worried that as people in the rich world embraced new computing and communications technologies, people in the poor world would be left stranded on the wrong side of a “digital divide.” Yet the debate over the digital divide is founded on a myth — hat plugging poor countries into the internet will help them to become rich rapidly.

This is highly unlikely, because the digital divide is not a problem in itself, but a symptom of deeper, more important divides: of income, development and literacy. Fewer people in poor countries than in rich ones own computers and have access to the internet simply because they are too poor, are illiterate, or have other more immediate concerns, such as food, health care and security. So even if it were possible to wave a magic wand and cause a computer to appear in every household on earth, it would not achieve very much: a computer is not useful if you have no food or electricity and cannot read. Yet such Wand-waving — through the construction of specific local infrastructure projects such as rural telecenters — is just the sort of thing for which the UN's new fund is intended.

This sort of thing is the wrong way to go about addressing the inequality in access to digital technologies: it is treating the symptoms, rather than the underlying causes. The benefits of building rural computing centers, for example, are unclear. Rather than trying to close the divide for the sake of it, the more sensible goal is to determine how best to use technology to promote bottom-up development. And the answer to that question turns out to be remarkably clear: by promoting the spread not of PCs and the Internet, but of mobile phones.

11. What is the main idea of this passage?

A) Plugging poor countries into the Internet will help them to become rich rapidly. B) Poor countries should be given more basic devices other than advanced ones. C) Rich countries should help poor ones becoming rich.

D) People in poor countries cannot afford devices such as computer.

12. What did the author mean by referring to \"digital divide.\" (Line 3, Para. 1)? A) Digital technology will make the gap between rich world and poor world wider. B) Digital technology will divide people into rich and poor world. C) People can be divided digitally.

D) To divide people in digital world is wrong. 13. We can infer from the 2nd paragraph that

A) People in poor countries cannot use computer because of illiteracy. B) Poor people cannot use computers.

C) There would be no magic to cause a computer to appear in every household on earth. D) People in poor countries need more basic living conditions than computers. 14. Considering the following sentences, which one would the author most agree? A) Digital technology is useless.

B) Digital divide will help poor countries becoming rich.

C) Poor people need more immediate concerns, such as food, health care and security. D) Mobile phones should be promoted firstly. 15. The following passage will probably be: A) How to promote using of mobile phones.

B) How to use technology to promote bottom-up development. C) The benefits of building rural computing centers.

D) How to meet the need of food, health and security in poor countries.

1.那个学生的成绩差，老师给他布置了更多的作业，而不是减少作业量。

2.医生建议说，有压力的人要学会做一些新鲜有趣，富有挑战性的事情，来发泄负面

情绪。

3.教师首先要考虑的事情之一是唤起学生的兴趣，激发他们的创造性。

4.If you own anger for more than five minutes---if you stir in your own juice with no safety

outlet---you have to find out where it’s coming from.

5.From Eliot’s viewpoint, the other key to controlling stress is to “realize that there are other

troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control---like the economy and politicians.”

V. Translation (10%)

Direction: Translate Sentences 1-3 into English and Sentences 4-5 into Chinese and write down your answers on your Answer Sheet.