国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷122(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷122 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing

Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe

PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

听力原文： Petroleum is a very important mineral. It gives us heat and light. It also gives us power for our cars, planes, and ships. It gives us power for machines of all kinds. How was petroleum created? Scientists believe petroleum was formed from the remains of plants and animals. These plants and animals lived and died millions of years ago. Remains are what is left after a plant or animal has died. What exactly is petroleum? Petroleum is a mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons. It is an oily liquid which may be brown, green, or black in color. The word “petroleum” comes from Latin and Greek. It means “rock oil”. Crude oil is petroleum that comes directly from deep in the ground. It is then taken to a refinery. A refinery is a kind of factory with equipment in it to refine oil. At a refinery the crude oil is purified and separated into its various parts. From the refined petroleum we obtain important products, such as gasoline, kerosene, fertilizers, detergents, plastics, drugs, and perfumes. These are just a few of the thousands of useful products we get from this valuable mineral - petroleum.

1． It is an ___________ which may be brown, green or black in color.

正确答案：oily liquid

2． The word “petroleum” comes from ___________ and ___________.

正确答案：Latin, Greek 3． Petroleum that comes directly from deep in the ground is called___________

正确答案：crude oil

4． At a refinery the crude oil is ___________ into its various parts.

正确答案：purified and separated

5． From the refined oil we obtain important products, such as___________, kerosene, detergents, ___________, and perfumes.

正确答案：fertilizers, plastics, drugs

PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.

听力原文： Then in the 1830s came the invention of the telegraph. The telegraphist could send messages from lands hundreds of miles away more quickly than a horseman could deliver a letter from the next village. Of course, mistakes were made and some of them were very funny. Sending a telegram to London from the other end of the world was at first very costly. So telegraphists used as few words as possible. Sometimes words were misspelt and the telegrams were difficult to understand. Here is a famous example. When the very first railway line was started in Queensland, Australia, the governor himself dug the first piece of earth. This was an important event. So a telegram was sent to Lon don. It read, “Governor Queensland turns (digs) first sod (piece of earth).” But when the telegram arrived, it read, “Governor Queensland twins’ first son.” The newspapers then printed the exciting news that the Governor’s wife had had twins, the first one being a boy! This came as a great surprise to everybody, because the governor was not married!

6． The telegraph was invented ______ .

正确答案：in the 1830s

7． The telegraphist could send messages more quickly than a horseman could______.

正确答案：deliver a letter

8． Because sending a telegram was at first costly, telegraphists used as few words______.

正确答案：as possible

9． Sometimes words were misspelt and the telegrams were difficult ______.

正确答案：to understand

10． The news came as a great surprise to everybody, because the governor ______.

正确答案：was not married

PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文： Kuwait is a country which is quite small, but which is very rich. It has a population of a little more than a million, and it is situated at the North end of the Persian Gulf. This small desert country is one of the world’s leading oil producers, and it has approximately fifteen per cent of the world’s known petroleum reserves. Since the discovery of oil in 1938 ,Kuwait’s rulers have turned the country into a prosperous welfare state. It has free primary and secondary education, free health care and social services; and the Kuwaitis do not have to pay any personal income tax for those services. The rate of literacy is high and constantly growing. The University of Kuwait was opened in 1966 ,but many of the Kuwaiti students still study in colleges and universities abroad, at state expense. Kuwait is, needless to point out, an Arab country, and about 99 per cent of the people who live there are Modems. But fewer than half of these Moslems are actually citizens of Kuwait. This is because there are many Moslem immigrants living and working there. Many of these recent immigrants have come from all over the Arab world—from places like Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, from Oman, and from the Sudan. Indians, Pakistanis, and Iranians live and work in Kuwait, too. The other one per cent of the population, in other words, the non-Moslems, are recent immigrants who were attracted by the opportunities to work for the oil companies. There are several thousand Europeans and Americans in Kuwait. Many of them are employed by the oil companies.

11． Kuwait is a country______. A．which is very rich

B．with only more than one million population C．which produces oil D．all the above

正确答案：D

12． Kuwaitis can enjoy _______. A．free college education B．free health care C．free world traveling D．free hotel rooms

正确答案：B

13． What are the one percent non-Moslems engaged in Kuwait? A．Working for oil companies.

B．Working for medical organizations. C．Working for UN inspection teams. D．Working for NGOs.

正确答案：A

听力原文： The Antarctic is probably the most difficult place on earth for human beings to survive. For six months of the year there is total darkness, and temperatures may fall as law as -88~C. Even in the summer months the temperature is often below zero. The first successful expedition to the South Pole was led by Ronald Amundsen. His team used dogs and sledges to cress the frozen continent, and reached the pole in December 1911. in 1928, Richard Byrd decided to lead an expedition to the Antarctic to explore the unknown area from the air for the first time. It was the largest and best equipped expedition that had ever set out for the Antarctic. Byrd and his team established a base which they called Little America on the coast of the Rosa Sea. In November 1929, during the Antarctic spring, Byrd and three colleagues flew from the Little America base to the South Pole and back in 19 hours. Byrd’s major achievement was to introduce the use of aircraft ,radio and other devices in polar exploration. He did not agree with Ronald Amundsen that the airplanes would one day replace dogs and sledges; he believed that modern techniques were only an addition to the traditional methods of exploration. All of his expeditions, therefore, carded dogs and sledges, and people to look after them. This proved very efficient, and Byrd was able to achieve results of great scientific value.

14． What is the lowest temperature in the Antarctic? A．-50℃. B．-68℃. C．-70℃. D．-88℃.

正确答案：D

15． How long did it take Byrd and his colleagues to fly from Little America to the South Pole and back?

A．15 hours. B．16 hours. C．18 hours. D．19 hours.

正确答案：D

16． Byrd did not agree with Ronald Amundsen in that ______. A．the Antarctic is not a suitable place for human beings to survive B．people cannot explore the Pole area from air

C．the airplanes would one day replace dogs and sledges D．dogs and sledges need no human care

正确答案：C

听力原文：A(man): Hi, Mice. I hear that you are planning to have a dog in your house. Is that true?B(woman): Yeah. But I am not so sure now. I’d love to have one because I think dogs are good companions.A: Sure. I think most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their byes. If you are thinking of buying a dog, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide.B: So. What’s you advice?A: Specialist advice is available to help you choose the most suitable breed of dog. But in part, the decision depends on common sense. Most breeds were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose a breed that has the right size and characteristics.B: I have not decided yet, you know. I just thought dogs are lovely and they will do things you want them to do.A: That’s half true. You must be ready to devote a good deal of time to train the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life. Dogs are demanding pets. The best time to buy a baby-dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its affection from its mother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.B: Thank you so much for bring such valuable advice, Tom. I think I am readier than before to have my own dog now.

17． Why does the woman want to have a dog? A．Because she is lonely.

B．Because she loves to protect a pet.

C．Because she thinks dogs are good companions. D．Because she just lost one dog.

正确答案：C

18． According to the man, the decision of choosing dog breed depends partly on______.

A．past experience B．specialists’ ideas C．family conditions D．common sence

正确答案：D

19． How old is the perfect age for a dog to be adopted to a human family? A．6 to 8 weeks.

B．Three months at most. C．Six months at least. D．One year old.

正确答案：A

20． What do you think the woman is going to do? A．Adopting a dog soon.

B．Giving up the idea of having a dog. C．Buying dogs and cats at same time. D．Asking for another one’s opinion.

正确答案：A

Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 【21】______ . As was discussed before, it was not 【22】______ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 【23】______ ,following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 【24】______ of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 【25】______ up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 【26】______ through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 【27】______ the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 【28】______ . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 【29】______ , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 【30】______ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process, 【31】______ its impact on the media was not immediately 【32】______ . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became” personal” too , as well as 【33】______ ,with display becoming sharper and storage 【34】______ increasing. They were thought of, like people, 【35】______ generations, with the distance between generations much 【36】______ . It was within the computer age that the term” information society” began to be widely used to describe the 【37】______ within which we now live. The communications revolution has 【38】______ 1both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 【39】______ views about its economic, political, social

and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 【40】______ “harmful” outcomes; And generalizations have proved difficult.

21． 【21】 A．between B．before C．since D．later

正确答案：A

解析：根据句子前后逻辑关系和前一句时间状语的提示。between这里意思指20世纪与15世纪和16世纪之间。before、since和later三项显然都不能全面表达这个意思。

22． 【22】 A．after B．by C．during D．until

正确答案：D

解析：根据是词组固定搭配。Is was not until…直到……才……

23． 【23】 A．means B．method C．medium D．measure

正确答案：C

解析：根据句意和词语修饰关系。medium．媒体，媒介，修饰报纸，意思贴切。medals方法，手段。 method办法。measure措施，都是指做事的方法。

24． 【24】 A．process B．company C．light D．form

正确答案：D

解析：根据词义和搭配。in the company of伴随着，和……一起。process过程，进程，后面搭配多是表示行动的词。light用在短语in a new light以新的见解，come to light出现，显露。form形式，形状。

25． 【25】 A．gathered B．speeded C．worked D．picked

正确答案：B 解析：根据词义搭配。speeded up加速，速度变快。gathered、worked和picked不能和后面介词搭配。

26． 【26】 A．on B．out C．over D．off

正确答案：A

解析：根据句意和词语搭配。on这里表示持续性，本句意为交通和通讯技术一直占据领先位置。

27． 【27】 A．of B．for C．beyond D．into

正确答案：D

解析：根据句意和词语用法。into表示时间进入20世纪。

28． 【28】 A．concept B．dimension C．effect

D．perspective

正确答案：D

解析：根据词语搭配和句子意思。perspective观点，看法，固定短语in perspective观察合理地，看法适当地。Judge sb.’s role in perspective合理地评价某人的作用。concept观念，概念。dimension尺度，维度。effect结果，效果。

29． 【29】 A．indeed B．hence

C．however D．therefore

正确答案：C

解析：根据句意和词语用法。however插入在句子中间，用逗号与句子前后隔开，表示转折，然而，可是。indeed表示让步，当然，确实。hence要与句子连用，不隔开，因此，从此。therefore用在句子开头，因此，所以。

30． 【30】 A．brought B．followed C．stimulated D．characterized

正确答案：B

解析：根据句意。followed伴随，随后。brought、stimulated和characterized不符合句子意思。

31． 【31】 A．unless B．since C．lest

D．although

正确答案：D

解析：根据句子逻辑关系。选项连接的两个句子表示让步关系。although(尽管，虽然)引导的从句中出现的否定词not可以看作是提示线索的标志词。unless除非，表示条件。since因为，既然，表示原因。 lest惟恐，以免，引导虚拟语气从句。

32． 【32】 A．apparent B．desirable C．negative D．plausible

正确答案：A

解析：根据句意。apparent明显的。desirable想要的，值得的。negative消极的，否定的。plausible似是而非的，似乎合理的。

33． 【33】 A．institutional B．universal C．fundamental

D．instrumental

正确答案：A

解析：根据句子逻辑关系和词义。institutional制度上的，与句子中personal相对。universal普遍的，通用的。fundamental基础的，基本的。instrumental仪器的，器械的。

34． 【34】 A．ability B．capability C．capacity D．faculty

正确答案：C

解析：根据是词语用法和搭配。storage capacity容量。ability能力，才干。capability实际能力，性能。faculty才能，本领。

35． 【35】 A．by means of B．in terms of C．with regard to D．in line with

正确答案：B

解析：根据句意和惯用法。in terms of就……而言，从……方面说。by means of通过……方法(手段)with regard to关于in line with与……一致，符合……

36． 【36】 A．deeper B．fewer C．nearer D．smaller

正确答案：D

解析：根据句意和词语修饰关系。smaller在句子中修饰distance。deeper，fewer和nearer都不能和 distance构成修饰关系。

37． 【37】 A．context B．range C．scope D．territory

正确答案：A

解析：根据是句意和词义。context上下文，语言环境range范围，领域scope活动范围，机会，余地 territory领土，疆域

38． 【38】 A．regarded B．impressed C．influenced D．effected

正确答案：C 解析：根据句意和词语搭配。influenced和主语revolution以及后面的3个宾语搭配，意思通顺。其他3项都不能兼顾这些修饰关系。regarded当作，看作，重视。impressed留下印象。effected招致，实行，达到。

39． 【39】 A．competitive B．controversial C．distracting D．irrational

正确答案：D

解析：根据句意和词语用法。这是个转折句，controversial views有争议的观点，不相同的看法。 competitive竞争的。distracting分配的。irrational无理性的，失去理性的。

40． 【40】 A．above B．upon C．against D．with

正确答案：C

解析：根据句意和词语搭配。weighed在句子的意思是权衡，比较。

Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old ( or Anglo-Saxon) English, Middle English, and Modem English. The earliest period begins with migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the

seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse ( the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the welldeveloped inflectional system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down. The period of Middle English extends roughly from the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French ( and Latin, often by way of French) upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A typical prose passage, especially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either. The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period say the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had begun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early deyelopments include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word-stock.

41． The earliest written record of English available to us started ______. A．from the seventh century B．from the fifth century C．from the twelfth century D．from the ninth century

正确答案：A

解析：第一段的第四行提到no record of their language survive from before the seventh century，可以推断出应选seventh century．

42． What is the main feature of the grammar of Old English? A．The influence of Latin.

B．A revolution in vowel distribution. C．A well-developed inflectional system. D．Loss of some inflections.

正确答案：C

解析：第一段的最后一行typified是“以……为代表或特征的”，也就是the main feature of sth．应该选a well-developed inflectional system(完善的词尾变化)。

43． What can be inferred form the passage?

A．Even an educated person can not read old English without special training. B．A person who knows French well can understand old English.

C．An educated person can understand old English but can not pronounce it. D．A person can pronounce old English words but can’t understand them.

正确答案：A

解析：4个选项里，B ，C ，D 在文章里都没有提到，也没有暗示，但从第一段我们可以推断出古英语是与现代英语十分不同的语言，主要受日尔曼移民部落的影响，而且词尾变化复杂，一般的现代人都无法读懂。所以选A 。

44． Which of the following is NOT mentioned? A．French. B．Latin. C．Greek. D．German.

正确答案：D

解析：4个选项指的是4种语言：法语，拉丁语，希腊语和德语。只有德语没有明确提到。英语在发展过程中受到其他3种语言影响最大。

45． What is the most remarkable characteristic of Modem English? A．Numerous additions to its vocabulary. B．Complete loss of its inflectional system. C．Gradual changes in its grammatical system. D．The direct influence of Latin.

正确答案：B

解析：4个选项都各自成立，但是这句话所问的是现代英语的最显著特点，这一点文中没有明显指出，但是我们可以通过读文章内容结合常识可以排除A C D 。

A multinational corporation is a corporate enterprise, which though headquartered in one country, conducts its operations through branches that it owns or controls around the world. The organizations, mostly based in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, have become major actors on the international stage, for some of them are wealthier than many of the countries they operate in. the less developed countries often welcome the multinational corporations because they are a source of investment and jobs. Yet their presence has its drawbacks, for these organizations soon develop immense political and economic influence in the host countries. Development becomes concentrated in a few industries that are oriented to the needs of the outsiders; profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested; and local benefits go mainly to a small ruling group whose interests are tied to those of the foreigners rather than to those of their own people. The effect is to further increase export dependency and to limit the less developed countries’ control of their own

economies. It seems that both the modernization and world-system approaches may be valid in certain respects. The modernization model does help us make sense of the historical fact of industrialization and of the various internal adjustments that, societies undergo during this process. The world-system model reminds us that countries do not develop in isolation. They do so in a context of fierce international political and economic competition, a competition whose outcome favors the stronger parties. Today, the less developed countries are struggling to achieve in the course of a few years the material advantages that the older industrialized national have taken generations to gain. The result is often a tug-of-war between the forces of modernization and the sentiments of tradition, with serious social disturbance as the result. The responses have taken many different forms; military overthrow by army officers determined to impose social order; fundamentalist religious movements urging a return to absolute moralities an certainties of the past; nationalism as a new ideology to unite the people for the challenge of modernization. And sometimes social change takes place in a way that is not evolutionary, but revolutionary.

46． Why do the less developed countries welcome the multinationals? A．Because multinationals are more developed.

B．Because multinationals bring investment and jobs.

C．Because multinationals conduct their operations through branches. D．Because multinationals are wealthier.

正确答案：B

解析：文章里第一段中：the less developed countries often welcome the multinationals because they are a source of investment and jobs．这一题目考的就是这句话。其他选项也都陈述正确，但是不是原因。

47． Which of the following is NOT the problems brought by multinationals? A．They limit the host country’s control of their own economies. B．Profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested. C．Various industries develop in the host country.

D．They increase the host country’s export dependency.

正确答案：C

解析：本小题考查的是公司带来的问题，要求选出不是问题的一项，除了C 其他三项都是文中提到的公司给本国经济带来的负面影响。可参看文中第一段的后半段。

48． Which of the following is most likely to benefit from the fierce international political and economic competition?

A．The host industries. B．The local people.

C．Those stronger and richer countries.

D．The local ruling group.

正确答案：C

解析：A D D 都是说对当地的发展有好处，但文中指出这种好处是有代价的。而强国和富国才是最大的收益者。

49． What does the word” tug-of-war”( L3, Para3 )probably refer to? A．Serious social disorder.

B．Military overthrow by army officers.

C．Fierce international political and economic competition.

D．Struggle between modernization and the sentiments of tradition.

正确答案：D

解析：这个短语的原意是拔河比赛，也可以指互有胜负的激烈的竞争。在这里就可以理解为struggle，见文中最后一段。

50． What is the root cause of serious social disturbance in less developed countries?

A．Violent social change. B．Military overthrow. C．Nationalism.

D．Fundamentalist religious movements.

正确答案：A

解析：B C D 都是社会动荡的形式和表现方式，并不是根本原因。从最后一段可以分析得出结论：社会的巨变才是动荡的主要根源。

In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the people whose governments joined together to form the U.N. “We the people of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations, large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respet for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.” The name” United Nations”is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a

declaration of common intent on New Year’s Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U.N. Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been rarified by China, France, the U.S.S. R, the U.K. and the U.S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U.N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a center for co-ordinating the actions of nations on attaining these common ends. No country takes precedence over another in the U.N. Each member’s rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international dispute, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states.

51． Under its Charter, the first stated aim of the U.N. was______. A．to promote social progress B．to prevent a third world war C．to revise international laws D．to maintain international peace

正确答案：B

解析：文中第二段开头就说了“we the people of the UN determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to manking．”，从这句话可以看出，联合国建立的第一个重要的目标是避免又一次的世界大战。

52． What did President Roosevelt have to do with the United Nations? A．He established” The United Nations”.

B．He was given the name” The United Nations”. C．He was a credit to” The United Nations”.

D．He probably devised the name” The United Nations”.

正确答案：D 解析：文中第三段提到“the name‘United Nations’is accredited to US president Franklin

D．Roosevelt．”也就是说罗斯福总统对联合国的命名起了重要的作用。

53． When did the U.N. come into existence? A．26 June, 1945. B．24 October, 1945.

C．New Year’s Day in 1945.

D．April, 1945.

正确答案：B

解析：文中第三段最后一行：“The date was 24 0ctober，now universally celebrated as United Nations Day．”明确指出联合国的成立日是1945年的10月24日。

54． Which of the following is true as to the essential functions of the U.N. ? A．It’s only concerned with human rights.

B．It only solves economic and cultural problems. C．It co-ordinates actions of’ nations where necessary. D．It only aims to develop friendly relations.

正确答案：C

解析：从4个选项的叙述上我们也可以发现，A B D 都有only这个词，这3个论述把联合国的基本功能理解的太狭义了。

55． Large member countries like China and the U.S. A．have a stronger voice than other countries B．have more freedom in the U.N. C．can use force against other states

D．have the same rights and duties as other members

正确答案：D

解析：如果没读过本文，只看选项也可以猜测D 是正确答案，其他3个选项，在文中没有提及，从常识方面来讲也是不正确的。

There are advantages in 1997 ,if you want to look for them. The air is cleaner, and there seem to be fewer colds. The crime rate has dropped. With the police car too expensive, policemen are back on their beats. More important, the streets are full. Legs are king, and people walk everywhere far into the night. There is mutual protection in crowds. If the weather isn’t too cold, people sit out front. If it is hot, the open air is the only air-conditioningthey get. At least, the street lights still burn. Indoor, few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper. As for the winter—well, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of what furnace fuel is allowed hoarded for the dawn. But sweaters are popular indoor wear. Showers are not an everyday luxury. It is sore in the suburbs, which were born with the auto, lived with the auto, and are dying with the auto. Suburbanites from associations that assign turns to the procurement and distribution of food. Pushcarts creak from house to house along the posh suburban roads, and every bad snowstorm is a disaster. It isn’t easy to hoard enough food to last till the roads are open. What energy is left must be conserved for agriculture. The great car factories make trucks and farm machinery almost exclusively. The American population isn’t going up much any more, but the food supply must be kept high even though the prices and difficulty of

distribution force each American to eat less. Food is needed for export to pay for some trickles of oil and for other resources. The rest of the world is not as lucky as we are. They’re staving out there because earth’s population has continued to rise. The population on earth is 5.5 billion — up by 1.5 billion since 1977 — and outside the United States and Europe, not more than one in five has enough to eat at any given time. There is high infant mortality rate. It’s more than just starvation, though. There are those who manage to survive on barely enough to keep the body working, and that proves to be not enough for the brain. It is estimated that nearly two billion people in the world are permanently brain-damaged by under-nutrition, and the number is growing. At least the big armies are gone. Only the United States and the Soviet Union can maintain a few tanks, planes, and ships —which they dare not move for fear of biting into limited fuel reserves. Machines must be replaced by human muscle and beasts of burden. People are working longer hours, and with lighting restricted, television only three hours a night, new books few and printed in small editions—what is there to do with leisure? Work, sleep, and eating are the ,great trinity of 1977 ,and only the first two are guaranteed.

56． What is the passage about? A．It is a history of life in 1977.

B．It is the description of life after a war. C．It is an imaginary account of life in 1977. D．It is a scientific study of life in 1977.

正确答案：C

解析：先读一遍全文会发现作者的叙述并非事实，所以这应该是一篇写于1997年以前的想像未来的文章。

57． Which .of the following statements in NOT true according to the passage? A．Energy will be more expensive and in short supply. B．Most people will be on their legs. C．The air will be cleaner in 1997.

D．There will be more cars than ever in.1997.

正确答案：D

解析：4个选项只有D 没有在文章中明确提到。

58． In 1997 ,people will ______. A．not use any electricity

B．use more electricity than they do today C．use less electricity than they do today D．not like electricity any more

正确答案：C

解析：从二，三段可以分析得初结论：“美国人到1997年时用电量会比今天大大减少。”而且“Indoors，few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper．”

59． Why will American need to export food in 1997? A．Because the farmers will need a lot of money. B．Because it will need money to buy oil.

C．Because it will have too much food for its own use. D．Because it wants to help other countries.

正确答案：B

解析：第五段最后一行：“Food is needed for export to pay for some trickles oil and for other resources．”，所以美国人为了进口石油才需要出口粮食赚钱。

60． Which of the following can best describe the author’s tone? A．Pessimistic. B．Cheerful. C．Excited. D．Optimistic.

正确答案：A 解析：通篇都是作者悲观情绪的一种写照，他的基调是未来会比今日还要更糟糕，人们生活更加不便，能源短缺，人口剧增，社会不会再向前发展了。

Part DDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

61) People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that Unprecedented change in the nation’s economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. 62)Accompanying that growth that was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation’s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits. Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its make-up also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility—downward as well as upward—touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three-quarters of the population—in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the North-east, and in the restless rural counties of the West, changed their residence each decade. 63) As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, “Social atomization affected every segment of

society,” and it seemed to many people that “all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded. Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. )In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. 65) The intimacy of marriage that was common in early periods was rent and gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.

61．

正确答案：19世纪的美国人民被一种前景所困扰，即国民经济史无前例的变革将引起社会混乱。

解析：在本句中，haunt意思是“困扰，缠绕”。that引导从句做the prospect的同位语，可翻译为“即”。

62．

正确答案：伴随经济增长出现的是结构变化，其特征是不断增加的经济多元化和全国劳动力从农业向制造业以及其他非农业事业的逐渐转变。

解析：本句中有三个that，它们的意思分别是：第一个that是指示代词，意思是“这种”；第二个that构成特殊的句型：…that is/was sth．正常语序应该是：sth is/was…，本句正常语序应该是：A structural change was accompanying that growth…，因为在a structural change后面又有一个定语从句，由第三个that引导，而且很长，为了避免句子头重脚轻，不平衡，所以采用这种句型。动词feature的意思是“是…的特征(特色)，以…为特征(特色)”，翻译本句时，词性转化，作名词处理。

63．

正确答案：因此，历史学家人为．唐纳德写道：“社会分化影响了社会的每一个部分，”对许多人而言似乎“所有有序文明中被认知的价值正逐渐被侵蚀掉。”

解析：在本句中，as a consequence意思是“由此”；句型it seemed to many people that…的意思是“对许多人而言似乎…”。

．

正确答案：在极度的竞争和令人晕眩的社会变化的环境背景下，家庭丧生了

许多早期的功能，成为一个安宁和秩序的港湾。

解析：在本句中，context的意思是“周围情况，环境，背景”。

65．

正确答案：早期常见的亲密的婚姻破裂了，丈夫和妻子之间无法逾越的鸿沟出现了。

解析：在本句中，rent是动词rend的过去分词，这是个生词，但从上下文里面，可猜测出它的意思是“使…破裂，把…撕开”；intimacy是名词，但依照汉语习惯，翻译时作形容词处理。

Section IV Writing (35 minutes)

66． In China, there is a saying: “A good neighbor is better than a brother far off”(远亲不如近邻). The Bible says, “Love your neighbor as yourself” (爱你的邻居，尤如爱你自己) In this part, you are to write within 35 minutes an essay on the topic: The Importance of Neighbor including the following information below:1) What is your understanding of the saying “A good neighbor is better than a brother far off”2) The condition of the relationship between neighbors.3) How to live in a harmonious way with your neighbors.You should write 160-200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

正确答案： In China, there is a saying: a good neighbor is better than a brother far off. It goes without saying that this saying wants to tell us that a good neighbor and a good neighborhood are important to us in oar daily life. The value of neighborhood is characterized by mutual help in daily life and the instant help in case of urgent events, such as catching illness. Also a good neighborhood contributes to enriching our life, for we can talk or chat together in our spare time. However, the neighbors especially in large cities in our country are indifferent to each other. There are many reasons accounting for this, but the key reasons, I think, are as follows. First of all, with the development of society, the pace of life is becoming increasingly rapid, and the spare time or leisure time for the individual to spend in getting along with neighbors is decreasing. Secondly, with the changes in the people’s culture, education, concepts, some people would neither like to be interfered with nor like their own family life known to others. Thirdly, with TV, VCD and computer coming into families, they can derive much pleasure and are easy to kill their spare time, which makes them more passive in getting along with neighbors. Of course, there are some other reasons for this. But a good neighborhood is indeed important to us. How to have a good neighborhood is a problem facing every one of us. I propose that we should observe the following rules: First, don’t force your own likes or dislikes to your neighbors, and neighbors should respect each other. Next, the contact should be limited to a proper scope, you know, too excessive contacts also can lead to misunderstanding or brush with each other. As long as we bear in mind that a good neighbor is better and a good neighborhood is much better, we are sure to have a

harmonious, friendly neighborhood.