国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷133(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷133 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing

Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe

PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

听力原文：M: Good evening. The Rose Hotel. Can I help you? W: Good evening. I’m coming to Stratford next weekend and a friend recommended your hotel to me.M: Next weekend, you say? Well, we do still have one or two vacancies. How many nights would you be wanting to stay?W: Oh! Just two.M: Two nights. And when would you be planning to arrive, Friday or Saturday?W: Friday.M: So, that’s Friday, the 17th. Do you need a single room or a double?W: A single, please.M: Right. A single for Friday and Saturday, April 17th and 18th. Let me just check for you. (Pause) Yes, I can offer you a single for those nights.W: I see. And what is the price, please?M: Well, it’s ＄32 per night, including breakfast.W: ＄32. That seems quite expensive. But I’ve heard that everywhere in Stratford is expensive so I suppose that does include breakfast, you say?M: Yes, breakfast included.W: Could you tell me a bit about the room? I’d rather like somewhere with a nice view.M: Well, it does overlook the hotel gardens and it’s very comfortably furnished. It has a TV, a phone and a small kettle so you can make your own tea or coffee.W: That sounds ideal. And what about a bathroom?M: Oh yes! All our rooms have en suite bathrooms.W: Yes. So, can I book now, please?

1．

正确答案：two

2．

正确答案：Friday

3．

正确答案：32

4．

正确答案：furnished

5．

正确答案：ideal

PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.

听力原文： When I was 18, I had my first job as a waitress. I worked in a very nice hotel in a small town in Scotland where there were a lot of tourists in the summer so they were taking on extra staff. I lived in a little house opposite the hotel. I had to be at work in the dining room at 7:30 in the morning to start serving breakfast. After serving the breakfast, at about ten o’clock, I had my own breakfast. After that, we started getting the dining room ready for lunch-cleaning the silver, setting the tables, hoovering the floor. I didn’t make too bad a job of serving lunch—one of the waiters looked after me and showed me how to do things. I would on the first day have been quite happy, but I had a problem which was that I’d got up in such a hurry and I just put on my shoes with really high heels. After a few hours on my feet I was in agony and there was nothing I could do about it, there was certainly no time to go and change them. I can tell you I never wore those shoes to work again. We were free in the afternoon and I went for a walk, so I didn’t have any rest before I went back to work at six. By the time I finished serving dinner at ten thirty I was completely exhausted. I loved the job after a while, believe it or not, and I even went back to work there the next year! I never got on very well with the headwaiter, though.

6． There are a lot of tourists in summer, so they take______.

正确答案：on extra staff

解析： 本题考查细节辨析。题干讲述夏季游客多，人们要做什么来解决游客多的问题呢?所以听短文时要注意与游客有关的信息。文中提到“there are a lot of tourists in the summer so they were taking on extra staff (夏季游客多，要雇佣额外的员工)”，take on“雇佣”。

7． I lived in a little house ______.

正确答案：opposite the hotel

解析： 本题考查细节辨析。文中提到：“I live in a little house opposite the hotel”。opposite the hotel的意思为“在旅馆对面”。此句恰好与题干相符。

8． I had to be at work at 7:30 to ______.

正确答案：start serving breakfast

解析： 本题考查细节辨析。文中提到：“I had to be at work in the dining room at 7:30 in the morning to start serving breakfast”。此句与题干的要求一样，所以应该听到什么答什么。

9． I wore a pair of shoes with ______.

正确答案：really high heels

解析： 本题考查细节辨析。此题问有关“我”所穿的鞋的情况。文中说道：“I just put on the shoes with really high heels”，put on的意思与wore的意思相符。所以此处应该填写really high heels。high heel的意思是“高跟”。

10． After a whole day’s work, I was ______.

正确答案：completely exhausted 解析： 本题考查细节辨析。短文最后说：“By the time I finished serving dinner at ten thirty I was completely exhausted”，与题干中的表达“after a whole day’s work，I was…”的意思相近，表达方式上有略微不同。所以应该填写completely exhausted。

PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文：M: I’m sure you realize that your research papers are due in six weeks. I’ve looked at your proposed topics and made comments about them. The most frequent problem was proposing too broad a topic, remember, this is only a fifteen-page paper. As I return your topic papers, I’d like to look over the schedule which sketches out what we’ll do during the next two weeks. Today is Monday; by Friday, I want your preliminary outlines. Next week I’ll have a conference with each of you. I’ve posted a schedule on my office door, sign your name to indicate the time you’re available for an appointment. In the conference, we’ll discuss your preliminary outline, which is due two weeks from today. Use the outline style in your textbook and remember it should be no more than two pages long. Be sure to begin with a thesis statement that is with a precise statement of the point you intend to prove and include a conclusion. Have you got all that? Your two-page preliminary outlines are due at the end of this week and the final outlines are due after your conferences. Follow the textbook style and include a thesis statement and conclusion.

11． When will conferences be held?

A．Immediately.

B．The following week. C．In two weeks.

D．At the end of the semester.

正确答案：B 解析：本题考查细节理解。关于学生见老师的时间，短文中提到：“Next week I’ll have a conference with each of you(下周我会和你们每个人见一次面)”，由此我们可以判定选项B 是正确答案。其中，选项 B 中的“following”与原文中的“next”是同义替换。

12． What is the purpose of the conference? A．To present final papers.

B．To give a model of outline style. C．To discuss the preliminary outline. D．To discuss final grades.

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查细节理解。关于学生与老师见面的目的，短文中这样说道：“In the conference，we’ll discuss your preliminary outline(见面的时候，我们讨论一下你们的提纲初稿)”，由此可见，选项C 是正确答案。

13． According to the speaker, how should the outline begin? A．With a thesis statement. B．With a list of references.

C．With a summary of the conference. D．With the student’s name.

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查细节理解。在短文中，布置作业时，老师对提纲的格式做出了规定。之后，老师特别说明：“Be sure to begin with a thesis statement(提纲要从陈述论文主题开始)”，这样来看，正确选项为 A 。

听力原文：W: In the past 10 years, many scientists have studied the differences between men and women. And they all got the same answer: The sexes are different, because their brains are different. And this, the scientists say, makes men and women see the world in different ways. Boys, for example, generally are better than gifts at mathematical ideas involving objects and their relationships. Boys are also generally better than girls at the kind of hand and eye movements necessary for bail sports. Girls, on the other hand, generally start speaking earlier than boys. And they generally see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages. What makes men and women better at one thing or another? The answer is the brain. The brain has two sides connected by nerve tracks. The left side is generally used for mathematics, speech and reading. The right side is used for artistic creation and the

expression of emotions. In men and women, different areas in each side of the brain develop differently. In boys, for example, it’s the area used for mathematics. In girls, it is the area used for language skills. Another interesting difference is that the two sides of a man’s brain are connected by a smaller number of nerves than the two sides of a woman’s brain are. So the flow of information between the halves of a man’s brain is more restricted than that between the halves of a woman’s brain. Some scientists say this influences some of our abilities.

14． According to the speaker, what is one of the advantages of girls? A．They have better ideas about objects and their relationships. B．They have more flexible hands and eyes. C．They can see better than boys at night.

D．They can express their emotions better than boys.

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查细节理解。关于女孩子的强项，原文中提到：“Girls generally start speaking earlier than boys．And they generally see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages(女孩子通常说话要比男孩子早。她们在黑暗中看得要比男孩子清楚，学外语学得更好些)”，因此正确答案应当是选项C 。

15． What is the difference between boys’ and girls’ brains? A．Boys’ left brains are better developed than girls’. B．Girls’ left brains are better developed than boys’.

C．Different parts in each side of the brain develop differently in boys and girls. D．Areas in each side of the brain develop similarly in boys and girls.

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查细节理解。关于男孩和女孩大脑的不同点，原文提到：“In men and women，different areas in each side of the brain develop differently(男人和女人的大脑两侧发展不同)”，这与选项C 的内容相符，故C 为正确答案。

16． Why is the flow of information between the two halves of a man’s brain more restricted than that of a woman’s?

A．Because there are more nerves connected the two sides of a woman’s brain. B．Because there are more nerve cells in a woman’s brain.

C．Because there are more barriers between the two sides of a man’s brain. D．Because men are influenced by their other abilities.

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查推理理解。在男人的两侧大脑之间，信息流量要比在女人的两侧大脑之间更受，其原因短文中是这样说的：“Another interesting difference is that the two sides of a man’s brain are connected by a smaller number of nerves than the two sides of a woman’s brain are．So the flow of information between the halves of a man’s brain more restricted than that between the halves of a woman’s

brain(男脑两侧所连接的神经要比女脑两侧所连接的神经少，所以在男人的两侧大脑之间，信息流量要比在女人的两侧大脑之间更受)”，因此，正确答案应当是选项A 。

听力原文：M: It’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you’ve judged roughly, said unkind things; pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and truly that you were sorry. A bit frightening, isn’t it? Frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that whenever a small wrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is disturbed; and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and regret expressed. I remember a doctor friend, the late Clarence Libel, telling me about a man who came to him with a variety of signs: headaches, insomnia and stomach trouble. No physical cause could be found. Finally Dr. Libel said to the man, “Unless you tell me what’s worrying you, I can’t help you.” After some hesitation, the man confessed that as executor of his father’s will, he had been cheating his brother, who lived abroad, of his inheritance. Then and there the wise old doctor made the man write to his brother asking forgiveness and enclosing a cheque as the first step in restoring their good relation. He then went with him to the mailbox in the corridor. As the letter disappeared, the man burst into tears. “Thank you! I think I’m cured.” And he was A heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged relationship but also make it strong. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or judged too roughly, or just neglected, do something about it right now.

17． When we have done something wrong, we should A．look honest and think over the fault carefully. B．escape from being disturbed.

C．admit the fault and express the regret. D．forgive ourselves.

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查主旨大意。第一段的最后指出“一旦我们知道自己犯了错误，我们就会感到良心上的不安，只有承认了自己的错误，我们的良心才能恢复平静。”文章最后又一次强调了承认错误的重要性。所以，当我们犯错误的时候，我们就应当按照选项C 所说的内容去做。

18． What was the cause of the patient’s disease? A．Headaches.

B．Stomach trouble.

C．Disturbance of conscience.

D．Some unknown physical weakness.

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查细节理解。作者利用举例来说明道歉的重要性。例子中提到

病人感到“headaches，insomnia and stomach trouble．”这些均为病人的临床症状，不是病因，所以A ，B 两项应先排除；而选项 D 并未在文章中提到，也应排除；因此所剩选项C 为正确答案。文章中提到当病人把给他哥哥的道歉信寄出去以后，便立刻感到自己的病被治愈了，而且事实上也如此，由此可见，病人的疾病不是身体上的原因，而是由于良心上的不安造成的。

19． What had the patient clone to his brother? A．He had sent his brother abroad.

B．He had cheated his brother out of his inheritance.

C．He had given just a little share of the inheritance to his brother. D．He had gone abroad leaving his brother nothing.

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查细节理解。参见第二段第四句话“as executor of his father’s will，he had been cheating his brother，who lived abroad，of his inheritance．当他执行父亲的遗嘱时，骗取了居住在海外哥哥所应得的那部分遗产。cheat sb．out of sth．骗取某人某物。”

20． The patient was cured by A．writing a letter. B．enclosing a cheque. C．mailing a letter.

D．asking his brother to forgive him.

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查细节理解。其考点也可参见第三段的最后两句话，在他把请求哥哥原谅的信寄出去的那一时刻，他就意识到自己的病已经被治愈了。这说明把病人的病治好的正是他自己所写的那封信，所以应当选择答案D

Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Since the 【21】______ of the National Environmental Policies Act in 1969, the United States Congress, legislature at the federal level, has 【22】______ a series of laws designed to prevent the air and water pollution and to 【23】______ noise. At the same time, legislatures at the state 【24】______ have also been active in this area, and many states have laws that are similar to the federal laws. 【25】______ ,a state law must not conflict with a federal 【26】______ or 【27】______ an unreasonable burden on interstate commerce. The city of Burbank in California adopted an ordinance 【28】______ the nighttime takeoffs of jet aircraft between 10 p.m and 7 a.m. Lockheed owned and operated the Burbank Airport. It 【29】______ Brubank to prevent the enforcement of the ordinance. The judgment is 【30】______ Lockheed. The federal government of the United

States has passed laws 【31】______ aviation and noise in the federal Aviation Act of 1958 and the Noise Control Act of ]972. Such legislation preempted the field and 【32】______ state action, because 【33】______ regulations would place an unreasonable burden on interstate commerce. If each airport had its own landing time 【34】______ , it would be very difficult to plan flights. Moreover the bunching of flights to 【35】______ local curfews would produce even greater noise and would increase the danger of 【36】______ by increasing traffic 【37】______ . From the nature of aviation 【38】______ , a single national control was essential. As a local regulation, the 【39】______ prohibiting nighttime takeoffs adopted by the City of Burbank was 【40】______ declared illegal.

21． 【21】 A．enforcement B．enhancement C．enjoyment D．engagement

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查上下文理解。这句的意思是：自从1969年《全国环境法》实施以来，美国国会(联邦级的立法机关)已经采取了一系列的法律来防止空气和水污染，并减少噪音。题目给出的四个选项形似，意思却都不同。因此，只要搞清楚每个词的意思，问题就容易解决了。enforcement指“实施”；enhancement指“加强，增强”；enjoyment指“享乐”；engagement指“订婚，约会”。

22． 【22】 A．adapted B．adept C．adopted D．adjusted

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查形近词辨析。这道题给出的四个选项中的单词也是形似但意思不同。adapt指“使适应”；adept指“内行，熟练的”；adopt指“采纳”；adjust指“调整”。根据意思，这里说的是采纳法律，所以要用adopt。

23． 【23】 A．subtract B．decrease C．lower D．reduce

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查同义词辨析。题目给小的四个选项都有“减少”的意思，但是在使用时有细微的差别。subtract指“从整体中除去或减去一个部分”，如减法运算用的就是这个词，表示“从一个数中减去另一个数”。decrease可以用作名词或动词，当用作动词时，一般是不及物的，表示减少或降低的数量、趋势及结果等。如decrease to表示“减少到”， decrease by表示“减少了”。lower一般用来形容高度或程度的“降低、减少”。reduce指一般意义的减少，表示数量上的减少或程度上的减弱。

24． 【24】 A．standard B．level C．layer

D．administration

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查上下文理解。这句的意思是：同时，州一级的立法机关在这一方面也很活跃，许多州都有与联邦法律相似的法律。这里出现的legislatures at the state ______ 实际上与前面出现的一句话是互相呼应的，前面的那句话是：legislature at the federal level前面讲的是联邦级的立法机关，后面紧接着讲的是州一级的立法机关。发现这一点，就很容易解题了。如果忽略这一点，还可以通过意思来判断，level表示级别，等级。

25． 【25】 A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Although D．However

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查语篇的衔接。这句的意思是：然而，州立法律不能与联邦法规冲突，也不能在州际商业中施加不合理的负担。前文告诉我们：联邦和各个州的都有立法权力，后面紧跟着强调了他们之间的关系，即联邦立法高于各州的立法。显然，这里在语意上是一种转折的关系。therefore“因此”；moreover“而且”；although“尽管”； however“然而”，表转折。

26． 【26】 A．statue B．statute C．stature D．status

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查形近词语辨析。根据原文意思，这里要添加一个名词，表示“法规，条例”这一意思。statue“雕像”；statute“法规，条例”；stature“身材，

身高”。status“地位，状况”。

27． 【27】 A．pose B．expose C．dispose D．impose

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查形近词语的辨析。原文表达的意思是“对…加负担” pose“摆姿势”；expose“使暴露”；dispose“布置，处理”；impose“加负担”。

28． 【28】 A．prohibit to B．prohibit C．prohibiting D．prohibited

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查句法结构。这句的意思是：加利福尼亚的伯班克市采取了一项法令，禁止喷气式飞机在夜间10点到凌晨7点之间起降。从题目中我们可以判断，ordinance之后的成分是它的定语，这里的意思是“禁止飞机起降的法令”，因为并没有表示被动的意思，所以使用 prohibit的现在分词形式，构成现在分词短语来修饰名词。

29． 【29】 A．sued B．accused C．charged D．complained

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查同义词辨析。这句的意思是：洛克西德起诉了伯班克市，要求它阻止这一法令的实施。在给出的四个单词中，sue表示“起诉，控告，向…请求”的意思。并且sue可以构成sue sb…to do sth，accuse和charge都是指“指控”，搭配用法为：accuse sb of…charge sb with…，complain指“抱怨”。

30． 【30】 A．favorable B．unfavorable C．for D．against

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查介词用法。这句的意思是：审判结果支持洛克西德这一方。此空后面是名词，前面是be动词，所以可以判断，这里要填一个介词。favorable和unfavorable都是形容词，故可以立即排除。be for“支持”；be against“反对”。根据下文的叙述，洛克希德获得了联邦的支持，这一判决对它是有利的。

31． 【31】 A．consider B．considering C．considerate D．considerable

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查形近词语辨析。这句的意思是：美国联邦已经在 1958年的《联邦航空法案》和1972年的《噪声控制法案》中就航空和噪声问题通过了法律条款。根据语法判断，此空应该填一个介词，该介词短语修饰laws。consider是动词，considerate和considerable是形容词，所以可以排除。considering在这里充当介词，意思是“就…而论，照…情景而言”。

32． 【32】 A．included B．involved C．excluded D．extended

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查形近词语辨析。这句的意思是：这样的立法抢先占有这一领域，排除了各州的行动，因为地方的法规将给州际商业施加不合理的负担。根据文章意思，联邦抢先立法是为了约束各州的，排除或拒绝各州的不合理立法行动。include和involve“包括”； extend“延伸，伸展”；exclude“拒绝，排除”，符合原文意思。

33． 【33】 A．national B．federal C．external D．local

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查句子的理解。上面已经提到，联邦之所以抢先立法，是为了防止各州的立法给州际施加不合理的负担，从而影响其发展。各州的立法即属于地方性立法，地方性(local)立法和联邦 (federal)立法是相对的两个方面。

34． 【34】 A．plans

B．schedules C．charts

D．arrangements

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查固定搭配。这句的意思是：如果每个机场有自己的起降时间表，安排航班将是非常困难的。表示“时间表”，一般使用time table或time schedule．

35． 【35】 A．stop B．escape C．avoid D．flee

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查句子理解。这句的意思是：而且，为了避免地方的宵禁，大量的航班将产生更大的噪音，增大交通密度会增加飞机互相碰撞的危险。stop“阻止，停止”；escape“逃跑”；avoid“避免”；flee“逃离”。

36． 【36】 A．collision B．crash C．crack D．collapse

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查形近词语的辨析。根据原文意思，交通密度增大将会使飞机有互相碰撞的危险。collision指“相互碰撞”；crash指“坠毁”； crack指“使…破裂”；collapse指“倒塌，崩溃”。

37． 【37】 A．number B．capacity C．airlines D．density

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查句子理解。根据文章的意思，大批的航班为了避免地方性宵禁，将使某个时段的飞机数量增加，交通密度加大，增加事故发生的危险。density指密度，有的考生可能会误选number，认为飞机数量大了，事故发生的危险也就相应的增大了。但是只要仔细推敲就会发现，数量大并不一定会引起事故，事故发生的实质性原因是数量变大引起的交通密度增加。

38． 【38】 A．activity B．act C．action D．movement

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查近义词辨析。这句意思是：从航空活动的特点来看，单一的国家控制是有实质作用的。activity是指“广义的活动”；act是指“动作，行为，法案”；也指活动，action侧重于“最能产生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活动”，也常指行动这一行为本身；movement指“为了达到目标而开展的活动、社会运动”。这里是指航空活动这一广义的行为。

39． 【39】 A．order B．ordinance C．constitution D．regulations

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查近义词辨析。这句的意思是：伯班克市采取的禁止夜间起降这一法令，作为一个地方性规定，因此被宣布是不合法的。第二段中提到了伯班克市采取了一项法令，表示法令用的是ordinance这个词，同样当文末再次谈到这一法令时，使用的还是ordinance这个词。 regulation也指法规，只是一种规章制度，并无法律效应，ordinance是由立法机构颁布的法令，具有法律效应。因此ordinance是最恰当的选项。

40． 【40】 A．otherwise B．still

C．furthermore D．therefore

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查句子连接。在题目给出的选项中，只有therefore可以表示“因此，所以”的意思。

Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C. R. Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water

structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that arc usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars --’the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75% to 90% water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems

no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues. The actual amount of water in the plant at ashy one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined -- in the presence of chlorophyll and with energy derived from light- to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas -- water vapor -- to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80°F, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates.

41． A growing plant needs water for all of the following EXCEPT ______. A．forming sugars

B．sustaining woody stems C．keeping green

D．producing carbon dioxide

正确答案：D

解析：选项A、B、C分别在第一段第六句、第八句和第二段第二句中提到。只有选项D在文中未提到。

42． The essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is ______. A．to form sugars

B．to derive energy from light C．to preserve water

D．to combine carbon dioxide with water

正确答案：A

解析：根据文章第二段第二句．．．derived from light-to form sugars可知，A项符合题意，其他几项均不准确。

43． The second paragraph uses facts to develop the essential idea that ______. A．a plant efficiently utilizes most of the water it absorbs

B．carbon dioxide is the essential substance needed for plant development C．a plant needs more water than is found in its composition D．the stronger the wind, the more the water vapor loss

正确答案：C

解析：根据文章第二段第一句可知，选项C符合题意。

44． According to the passage, which of’ the following statements is TRUE? A．The mineral elements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they are dissolved in its root.

B．The woody stems contain more water than the leaves. C．Air existing around the leaf is found to be saturated.

D．Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plant is synthesized.

正确答案：D

解析：根据文章最后一句Also，not all of the carbon．．．可知，D项表述和原句相符，故选D。

45． This passage is mainly about ______. A．the functions of carbon dioxide and water B．the role of water in a growing plant C．the process of simple sugar formation D．the synthesis of water with carbon dioxide

正确答案：B 解析：本文第一段第一句和第二句中指出了水在植物生长中的作用，然后进一步阐明了水的具体功能。所以B项是最佳答案。

Ever since AL Gore invented it, the Internet has been a paradise for those with a creative attitude to facts. Students, for example, commission and sell essays with such ease there that online “paper mills” devoted to this trade are one of the few dotcom business models still thriving. With a few clicks of a mouse, a student can contract out any academic chore to “research” sites such as Gradersaver. com or the Evil House of Cheating. One market opportunity, however, frequently creates another. The past few months have seen a rapid rise in interest in software designed to catch the cheats. The subscriber base of Turnitin, a leading anti-plagiarism software house based in Oakland, California, has risen by 25% since the beginning of the year. Around 150,000 students in America alone are under its beady electronic eye. And in Britain, the Joint Information Systems Committee, the unit responsible for advising

the country’s universities on information technology, has tested the firm’s software in five colleges. If everything goes well, every university lecturer in the country will soon be able to inspect his students’ submissions with it. Turnitin’s software chops each paper submitted for scrutiny into small pieces of text. The resulting “digital fingerprint” is compared, using statistical techniques originally designed to analyze brain waves (John Barrie, the firm’s founder, was previously a biophysicist), to more than a billion documents that have been fingerprinted in a similar fashion. These include the contents of online paper mills. The classics of literature and the firm’s own archive of all submitted term papers, as well as a snapshot of the current contents of the World Wide Web. Whenever a matching pattern is found, the software makes a note. After highlighting instances of replication, or obvious paraphrasing( according to Turnitin, some 30% of submitted papers are “less than original”), the computer running the software returns the annotated document to the teacher who originally submitted it -- leaving him with the final decision on what is and is not permissible. Which teachers and institutions will choose to employ such software? Past research has shown that, perhaps surprisingly, academic dishonesty correlates with high academic achievement. Nor is public exposure of widespread cheating likely to polish a university’s reputation. Universities with the highest-achieving students and the most faultless reputations may therefore have the must to lose from anti-plagiarism software. Indeed, a curious pattern has emerged among Turnitin’s clients: good universities, such as Duke, Rutgers and Cornell, employ it. Those that like to think of themselves as top-notch, such as Princeton, Yale and Stanford, do not. According to Dr. Barrie, “You apply our technology at Harvard and it would be like a nuclear bomb going off.”

46． From paragraph 1, we can learn that ______.

A．with Internet, students may find it even more difficult to do research work B．Internet has provided the students a rich source of materials for paper compiling

C．Internet has beat the companies devoting to academic cheating greatly

D．the invention of Internet has created great opportunity for academic cheating

正确答案：D

解析：选项A讲的是有了互联网，学生的研究工作反而更困难了，这显然与本文的主旨相悖。原文提供的信息与B项相吻合，但这并不是第一段的主题。 C项的意思也与原文相反。根据第一段最后一句可知，D为正确答案。

47． According to the passage, the great development of Turnitin is due to ______.

A．its superb management

B．the thriving of academic cheating C．its big electronic eye

D．the test of its software by the Joint Information Systems Committee

正确答案：B

解析：选项A原文中没有提及。C项是Turnitin公司发展的后果，即生产出一种产品，但不是原因。D项只是说Joint Information Systems Committee测试了这一软件，但这并非Turnitin公司发展的原因。B项谈到的学术欺骗盛行才是促进该公司发展的重要原因，没有了学术欺骗也就不存在反欺骗的软件了。

48． It can be inferred from the passage that the most possible cheaters are ______.

A．students in good universities as Duke; Rutgers and Cornell B．students in top universities as Princeton, Yale and Stanford C．students who can use the anti-plagiarism software D．students who need to compile academic paper

正确答案：B 解析：学术欺骗在一些拔尖的学校里最明显，所以这些学校都不敢使用这一软件，根据最后一段倒数第二句：Those that like to think of themselves as topnotch，such as Princeton，Yale and Stanford，do not． 可知正确答案是B。

49． We can infer from the last sentence of the passage that ______.

A．Turuitin’s anti-plagiarism software can be well-accepted by Harvard University

B．the anti-plagiarism software may create some computer virus which is like nuclear bomb in Harvard University

C．there must be much academic cheating in Harvard University in Dr. Barrie’s opinion

D．Harvard University will adopt the software in a short time

正确答案：C

解析：最后一句是：You apply our technology at Harvard and it would be like a nuclear bomb going off，此题与上一题推理过程相同。

50． According to the passage, the author’s attitude towards Turnitin’s anti-plagiarism software may be said to be ______.

A．doubtful B．indifferent C．objective D．favorable

正确答案：C 解析：文章作者引用了许多客观存在的具体数字及别人说的话，充分说明作者的态度是客观的。

Changes in regional climate brought about by large-scale deforestation in

the eastern lowlands of Central America are affecting weather downwind in the mountains, imperiling ecosystems there. The so-called cloud forests of Monteverde lie along the crest of Costa Rica’s Cordillera de Tilaran mountains. These habitats rely on the almost perpetual fog that forms as moisture-laden Caribbean winds rise up the eastern slopes of the mountains and pass through altitudes at which clouds condense, says Robert O. Lawton, an ecologist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville. The humidity in those breezes is enhanced by moisture expelled from the leaves of lowland forests. By the early 1990s, more than a century of deforestation had left only 18% of the Costa Rican lowland forests east of the peaks untouched. The pastures that replaced forests don’t humidify the winds as well as forests do and are better at warming the atmosphere. As a result, the winds off these pastures must rise further up the Cordillera de Tilaran slopes before clouds condense. Satellite photos of the lowlands in the dry season show that clouds are absent or sparse over deforested areas but are thicker over the forests of neighboring Nicaragua. Computer simulations of day-time cloud formation in the area support these observations, Lawton notes, and they also suggest that the altitude of the cloud base would rise about 200m above today’s height if the lowlands were completely deforested. Lawton and his colleagues report their result in Science magazine. The gradual shifting of bird ranges upslope and a recent population crash among frogs and toads in the Monteverde cloud forest suggest that the veil of clouds may be lifting. Scientists had already blamed the rise of the cloud base for the longer periods of mistfree conditions observed at the downwind edge of the forest. Lawton warns that in the future, the clouds may disappear from the Monteverde slopes for days at a time during the dry season -- a development that could lead to collapse of the ecosystems there.

51． The passage mainly discusses ______.

A．large-scale deforestation and the climate changes B．ecosystems in the eastern lowlands C．the cloud forests of Monterverde D．Caribbean winds

正确答案：A 解析：这篇文章主要讨论了大规模森林砍伐与气候变化这一主题。文章第一段指出：位于美洲中部低地的大规模森林砍伐引起的地区气候变化正影响着山脉的天气。因此，正确答案为A项。

52． Which of the following words can replace the word “as” in the second paragraph?

A．which B．that C．when D．while

正确答案：C

解析：第二段的第二句话中的as相当于when，这句话谈到了这些栖息地赖以生存的源源不断的雾是在什么情况下形成的；as引出的句子在that从句中作时间状语从句。

53． The only remaining 18% of Costa Rican lowland forests in the early 1990s led to ______.

A．high up pastures B．moist air

C．a warmer atmosphere D．clouds’ condensation

正确答案：C

解析：20世纪90年代初，Costa Rican低地森林仅剩下18%，这一现状导致大气变暖。文章第三段最后一句指出：后果是，平原刮来的风必须在the Coldmera de Tilaran坡度上进一步上升，才能使云凝聚。

54． According to the passage, if the low lands were completely deforested the altitude of the cloud base would ______.

A．become scarce

B．rise about 200m above today’s height C．remain the same

D．destroy the ecosystems there

正确答案：B

解析：从文章中可知，如果低地森林完全被砍伐，云层将在今天的高度上升 200米。本文第四段的第二句指出：……这些地区日间云形成的计算机模拟能证实这些观察。因此选B。

55． Satellite photos shows that the clouds are absent or scattered over deforested areas and this could be supported by the following evidences EXCEPT for ______.

A．the clouds over the forest of neighboring Nicaragua B．computer simulations of day

C．the gradual shifting of bird living upslope

D．a recent population decrease of frogs and toads

正确答案：D 解析：卫星拍摄到的云层照片显示，在砍伐森林地带上空见到的云十分稀疏，甚至没有。这一点可以通过A、B、C项证明。文章最后一段第一句中的 crash指毁灭，而不只是青蛙与蟾蜍的减少。因此D项不对。

Although Coca-Cola Co. spent nearly $ 2 billion last year advertising its

various brands around the globe, it saw its share of the critical U. S. cola market decline. Meanwhile, Pepsi Co. is riding a sizzling Britney Spears-led ad campaign to a bigger share, and has launched an audacious assault on Coke’s long-held sponsorships. The cola fight-is heating up, and Pepsi is landing most of the punches. Pepsi’s share of the U. S. carbonated soft-drink market rose to 31.65% last year, Beverage Digest reports. Coke brands, including Diet Coke and Sprite, still lead easily with a 43.7%share -- but that’s down four-tenths of a point. Both companies’ flagship colas, which together account for 1 of 3 sodas sold in the U. S. , lost share last year. But

Coke’s lost more, and Pepsi scored big with new flavors Code Red and Lemon Twist. Pepsi Co. recently emharrassed its bigger rival by snatching away the National Football League sponsorship, which had been Coke’s for 22 years. Coke dismisses the NFL setback as less important than the individual sponsorships it retains with two-thirds of the league’s teams. “We’re still an NFL sponsor,” asserts Jeff Dunn, head of Coke in the Americas. He insists that the “passion point” for consumers is local teams. He says the cost of the league sponsorship had escalated beyond its value. Beneath Coke’s outward calm, executives are angry over the NFL loss. Now, some on Coke’s board are said to be upset that Pepsi outdid Coke’s management. This sets up a marketing brawl later this year as Coke tries to tie itself to NFL from the bottom up, team by team, and Pepsi tries to do the same thing from the top down, leveraging its deal with the league. Coke has hardly been sitting on its thumbs. Last year it brought out Diet Coke with lemon, and the company is now gearing up to launch Vanilla Coke. Yet if Wall Street is the judge of who’s winning, there’s no contest. Pepsi shares are trading near the all-time high and have almost doubled during Coke’s long depression. Pepsi rates a strong buy from twice as many analysts. The news is not better for Coke among advertising experts. “There’s nothing great going on ever there,” says marketing consultant A1 Ries in Atlanta. He gives Pepsi far better marks for “effectively using visuals like Britney Spears to reinforce Pepsi’s image that it is for the young generation,” and for companies that sell very similar sugar water, image is everything.

56． The passage is mainly about ______.

A．the successful strategies for the sugar water industry B．the cola fight between Coke and Pepsi C．the reasons for the decline of Coke

D．the importance of image in 15romotion plan

正确答案：B 解析：通过阅读全文可以看出这是一篇关于可口可乐和百事可乐之间竞争的文章。A项“碳酸饮料业的成功策略”、C项“可口可乐销售量下滑的原因”、 D项“促销计划中形象的重要性”，这三项内容文中都提到过，但都片面，不能概括文章大意。故答案选B。

57． We can learn from the second paragraph that ______.

A．Pepsi takes a larger share in the soft-drink market than Coke B．both Pepsi and Coke’s colas lost their share last year

C．Coke’s share of the cola market has declined while Pepsi’s has increased D．Coke brands have lost its popularity in the soft-drink market

正确答案：C

解析：A项“百事可乐占有的市场份额比可口可乐大”，根据文章第二段可知，百事可乐市场份额的占有率是31.65%，而可口可乐销售量虽然在下滑，但仍占市场的43.7%，因此可口可乐的市场份额比百事可乐大，故A是错误选项。原文中提到两个可乐公司的主打饮料(flagship colas)去年失去了一定的市场占有率，但百事可乐的另外两种新口味的饮料Code Red和Lemon Twist的市场占有率上升，总体来说百事可乐的市场份额呈上升趋势。故B是错误选项。C项“可口可乐销售量在下滑，百事可乐的销售额在上升”与原文的意思相

58． Which one of the following statements is TRUE about Coke’s sponsorship of football teams?

A．Executives of Coke don’t worry about the loss of NFL sponsorship. B．Coke attaches much importance to the sponsorship of the local teams. C．Coke has tried to regain its share by tying itself to the NFL from the top down. D．Executives of Coke think that the value of NFL sponsorship is far beyond its cost.

正确答案：B

解析：A项“可口可乐公司的主管们不担心失去国家橄榄球联盟的赞助商资格”，原文谈到公司的主管们因为失去国家橄榄球联盟赞助商资格而产生骚动，说明他们还是有担忧，因此A不正确。B项“可口可乐公司很重视赞助地方球队”，根据第三段的内容“由于可口可乐试图从底层发展与国家橄榄球联盟的联系，而百事可乐策略是从顶层进行交易”，可判断该项正确。C项“可口可乐试图从顶层发展与国家橄榄球联盟的联系”，与B意思相反，错误。D项“可口可乐公司的主管们认为国家橄榄球联盟资助商资格的价值远远超过了资助所花的费用”，原文中第三段的观点与此相反

59． By saying that “Coke has hardly been sitting on its thumbs”, the author means that ______.

A．it is impossible for Coke to be indifferent to the situation

B．it is difficult for Coke to get out of the failures and reverse the situation C．Coke can’t be the best forever and it is losing its shares to Pepsi D．Coke has realized that it should learn from others to improve itself

正确答案：A

解析：本题主要考查对sitting。no its thumbs这个短语意思的理解；根据下文的 Last year it brought out Diet Coke with lemon，and the company is now gearing up to launch Vanilla Coke．可知，去年公司推出了柠檬味的减肥可乐， 目前公司正推出香草味的可乐。由此可知，可口可乐公司不会坐视事态的发展。因此A

项“可口可乐公司不可能对形势漠不关心”与原文的意思吻合。

60． According to Al Ries, Pepsi is so successful because it ______.

A．would like to spend billions of money on the promotion of its products B．has twice as many advertising experts to turn to for consultation C．is always changing its image to cater to the taste of the young people D．can make effective use of famous stars popular with the young people

正确答案：D

解析：根据本文最后一段，A1 Ries认为百事可乐成功的原因是能有效地利用布兰妮来提升自身形象，D为正确选项。A项“百事可乐愿意花几十亿美元来推销自己的产品”，本文第一段提到可口可乐公司花了20亿美元来推销自己的产品，而非百事可乐，因此A错误。B项“百事可乐有许多广告专家可以咨询”，这一内容原文中并没有提到。C项“百事可乐不断改变形象来适应年轻人的口味”，原文中提到百事可乐利用布兰妮做广告来吸引年轻人，但并没有说它在不断改变形象，此选项错误。

Part DDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

61) An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction -- indeed, contradiction -- which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. 62) Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. 63) Computer education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. ) Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computered advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement. There are some good arguments for a technical education given to the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist

that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take -- at the very longest -- a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skill that is necessary to becoming any kind of professional. 65) It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.

61．

正确答案：对于计算机的课堂教学，一条无形的界限将人们的观点分成两种：一种是以学生的就业前景为理由，另一种是以激进的教育改革为理由。

62．

正确答案：反而，我们对美国公民有某种观念，即他必须能够准确判断自身的生活及幸福如何受外界影响，否则他就不是一个完整的公民。

63．

正确答案：倡导计算机教育的人抛弃了这一乐观理念，代之以与其乐观外表相悖的悲观论调。

．

正确答案：基于将计算机引入课堂的“教育理由”和“谋职理由”的混淆，主张计算机教育的人往往只强调毕业生的就业前景，而忽略了他们的教育成就。

65．

正确答案：当然，应该看到的是，职业学校也好，普通学校也罢，混淆计算机教学的目的都不会有何益处。

Section IV Writing (35 minutes)

66． Study the following set of cartoons carefully and write an essay in which you should (1) describe the cartoons, (2) interpret its meaning, and (3)

point out its implications in our life. You should write 160 -200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

正确答案： In the above cartoons, a girl eats bananas happily and discards the peels on the street casually, unaware of the fact that such actions not only pollute the environment but also pose a danger to others.. In the next illustration, a disabled man struggles to dispose of the trash properly the girl has left behind. Despite the girl’s youth and beauty, it is the disabled man who is truly beautiful, because true beauty comes from one’s actions rather than one’s appearance. We should always bear this in mind: don’t judge a person by his appearance. One’s confidence and good impression on others does not usually develop from the way one dresses or looks, but the inner qualities one possesses. The virtues of the Chinese people are regarded as beautiful, because they have helped to produce such a magnificent culture in the world. In a word, we should not only pay attention to our physical appearance, but also improve our heart and soul. Only such souls can create a genuinely beautiful society.