九成学龄前儿童是远视

看电视、玩电脑、看书等过度用眼，使得越来越多的青少年患上了近视眼，因此，许多年轻的家长一见孩子凑得很近看书就认为他（她）是近视了。然而， 专家指出，学龄前儿童孩子视物不清，很有可能是远视眼。因为在婴儿时期，眼球是一个扁球形，即远视型眼球，一直到6-8岁的时候，才逐渐长成正球体，即正 视型眼球。据统计，90%以上的学龄前儿童其实都可能存在远视，其中，大多数又都是生理性的，是眼睛正常发育的表现，但也有20%左右孩子的远视是异常 的。

90%的学龄前儿童是远视眼

快5岁的彬彬看画册时总是把画册拿到眼前来看，妈妈看到这架势，担心孩子以后会近 视，所以每次都提醒他把画册放远一点，但这孩子却叫喊，“放远了看不清”。难道彬彬这是患了近视眼吗？妈妈赶紧把他带到医院眼科去就诊，谁知医生却诊断为 “高度远视”！这可让彬彬的妈妈疑惑了：看不清要拿近了看，这明明就是近视，为什么医生却说是远视呢？

妇幼保健院眼科主任说，当孩子看物体不清晰的时候，家长首先想到的就是近视眼。实际上，在学龄前的儿童，90%均是远视眼，这是因为儿童的眼球发育的结果。如果将一个人的眼 球看成是一个球体的话，它有三个轴，即纵轴、横轴、矢状轴（即眼轴），一个正球体三个轴的长度是相等的。婴儿出生后，由于眼球小、眼轴短而呈出一个扁球 形，即远视型眼球，一直到6-8岁的时候，才逐渐长成三轴长相等、约24mm左右的正球体，即正视型眼球。如果眼轴再继续增长，才成为近视眼。所以，一般 来说，婴幼儿的近视眼仅约1%~1.5%，而90%以上的学龄前儿童其实都可能存在远视。当然，他们中大多数都是生理性的，是眼睛正常发育的表现。但有 20%~25%的远视是异常的或是病理性的，它是导致学龄前儿童视力低下及眼发育不良的主要原因，应引起父母足够的重视。

“远视型近视”别戴近视镜

儿童的远视眼也会表现为“近视”。黄学林解释说，所谓远视眼，就是外界景物的反光进入眼内屈光系统后，焦点落在视网膜的后面，不能在视网膜上清晰成像， 导致看远看近均不清楚。不过，因为儿童睫状肌和晶状体的调节能力强，能使眼内屈光镜晶体变凸增加屈折光线力度，将视网膜后的焦点移在视网膜上，使轻度远视 隐而不露，因而表现出了视力良好的假象。但如果远视程度较深时，眼睛本身的调节力就很难弥补这种差异了，这个时候就会出现明显的视物不清。为了看清目标， 只能缩短距离使影像目标放大，以此来增加辨认能力，所以表现出貌似近视的姿态，在医学上称之为“远视型近视表现”。出现这种情况时，应该注意与近视眼鉴别 开来，切不可按近视去配眼镜，以免加重了眼睛调节的负担。

高度远视易演变成斜视弱视

当远视眼患儿眼睛的调节能力被迫 加强后，将会增加内直肌的兴奋性，如果其中一只眼睛的远视程度较严重时，为使该眼看清物景，这只眼睛就会继续增加调节力度，最后，导致这只眼睛成了内斜 眼。许多斜视眼患者都习惯于用注视眼工作和学习，而将不使用的斜眼搁在一边，这样，时间一长，斜视眼又将会变成弱视眼。

另外，由于内直肌长期过度收缩，致使肌肉长期处于疲劳症状而出现眼球酸胀、眼眶疼痛，同时伴有头昏脑胀等，这个时候患儿可能会出现上课精神不集中、讨厌看书写字等现象。

因此，如果家长发现孩子看电视距离近或歪头、眯眼，或诉说看书稍久就会感到字迹模糊、眼胀、头疼时，建议立即带孩子去医院检查一下，如果孩子被定为远视 眼（含远视散光），则需要按医生吩咐（包括配戴合适眼镜、弱视治疗等）进行适当的治疗，争取在7岁前将视力提升至正常，切不可拖延，以免形成斗鸡眼（内 斜）和弱视。对于儿童远视的治疗来说，年龄越大，治疗效果越差，想恢复正常就变得越困难。

Tips：

远视眼的治疗

1、对于低度远视（即3个屈光度以下）的患儿来说，由于低度远视的小儿多为生理性远视，此时，如果视力正常或接近正常，且无眼睛疲劳感，可不治疗（不配眼镜）。

2、有视力疲劳症状不伴弱视者，以消除不适症状为主要目的，可适量配镜，保留0.5~1个屈光度。

3、对于中高度远视（即在3个屈光度以上）的患儿来说，远近视力都会有不同程度的下降，大部分会伴随弱视甚至有视力疲劳症状，对这些患儿以治疗弱视和消 除视力疲劳症状为主要目的，可分阶段配镜，但首次配镜以最好视力的最高度数为原则，待适应3-6个月后再调整佩戴镜片度数。

总之，对于 儿童远视问题，家长切莫等闲视之，也不能不经治疗就随意给孩子使用市面上的产品和药物，这些错误的观念和做法不但会贻误孩子的治疗，还会导致病情变得更加 复杂。家长们应该做的是，发现孩子眼睛有异常时，应尽快到正规医院眼科进行系统检查，并遵循医生的治疗方案，以免影响孩子视力。

Watch TV, play computer, reading a book, such as excessive use eye, make more and more teenagers suffer from myopia, as a result, many young parents see the kids pool close reading and think he (she) is myopia. However, experts say, children of pre-school age children see things are not clear, is likely to be far-sighted. Because in infancy,

eyeball is a spheroid, namely hyperopia type www.xilishi1.com eyeball, until the age of six to eight, is gradually become a sphere, which is depending on the type of eyeball. According to statistics, more than 90% of the preschool children are likely to have

farsightedness, among them, the most is physiology sex, is the normal development of the eyes, but there are about 20% of children hyperopia is abnormal. 90% of the preschool children are far-sighted

Fast was the age of five when watching picture album always take picture album to the eyes to see, mother see this posture, worry that children will close, so remind every time he put the books away, but the child cries, \"read\" put away. Don't was suffering from myopia is this? Mother hurriedly brought him to the hospital eye to see a doctor, but the

doctor was diagnosed as \"high hyperopia\"! This lets was mother was puzzled: and get a closer look, can't see clearly this is myopia, hyperopia is why doctors say?

Said, director of the health care of women and children's eye, when the children see objects are not clear, parents first thought is near-sighted. In fact, in preschool children, 90% are far-sighted, this is because the result of children's eye development. If a person's eyes the ball as a sphere, it has three axis, namely the longitudinal axis, transverse,

sagittal axis (axis), a sphere is the length of the three axes are equal. After the baby was born, because of the small eye, eye axis short, is a flat ball shape, namely hyperopia type, until the age of 6 to 8, gradually become triaxial looks, about 24 mm is a sphere, which type of eye in the face. If eye axis and continue to grow, become near-sighted. So, in

general, infants and young children myopia only about 1% ~ 1.5%, and more than 90% of the preschool children are likely to have farsightedness. Of course, most of them are physiological, is the normal development www.zhytech.com of the eyes. But there are 20% ~ 25% of farsightedness is abnormal or pathological, it is result in preschool children of the main causes of low vision and eye dysplasia, parents should cause enough attention.

\"Don't wear myopia glasses hyperopia type myopia\"

Children of far-sighted will also show the \"short-sighted\". Huang Xuelin explained that the so-called farsightedness is outside scenery glance into the intraocular refractive system, focus on the retina at the back of the, not clear in the retina imaging, lead to see far nearly all don't know. However, because of children's ability to the ciliary muscle and the adjustment of the lens, can make the intraocular diopters crystal convex increase inflectional light intensity, to shift the focus of the retina after in the retina, make a quiet mild hyperopia, thus shows the appearance of good eyesight. But if the degree of farsightedness is deep, ten-fold increase of the eye itself is difficult to make up the difference, this time will appear clear vision is not clear. To see goal, can shorten the distance makes image target amplification, to increase the recognition, so seemingly myopia posture, in medicine is called \"farsightedness myopia performance\". When this happens, we should pay attention to myopia identification, must not follow myopia glasses, so as not to aggravate the burden of his eyes to adjust. High hyperopia easily evolve into strabismus amblyopia

After the far-sighted eyes ability to strengthen the regulation of children, will increase the excitability of the medial rectus muscle, if one of the severe degree of farsightedness eyes, in order to make the see clear content, this eye will continue to increase the adjustment dynamics, finally, lead to this eye is in the eye. Many cross-eye patients used to use fixational eye work and learning, and will not use the slanting aside, in this way, time grows, cross-eye will become amblyopia eyes again.

In addition, due to excessive medial rectus muscle contraction, the muscle fatigue and appear for a long time eye acid bilges, orbital pain, at the same time companion has giddy, children may appear not concentrate in class at this time, the phenomenon such as hate to read and write.

Therefore, if parents find their children watch TV or a little closer, squinting, or reading about slightly long will feel blur, eye swelling, headache, advice immediately to take children go to a hospital be being checked, if the children were identified as the

farsightedness (hyperopia astigmatism), you need to press a doctor ordered (including wear glasses, right amblyopia treatment, etc.) for the proper treatment, for will be up to the normal vision before 7 years old, must not delay, so as to avoid forming cross-eyed (oblique) and amblyopia. For the treatment of children hyperopia, age, treatment effect is poorer, want to return to normal becomes more difficult. Tips:

The treatment of presbyopia

1, for low hyperopia (3 d) for children, because of the low hyperopia children living more rational hyperopia, at this point, if normal or near normal vision, and no eye fatigue, not treatment (no glasses).

2, have vision fatigue symptom is not associated with reduced vision, to eliminate symptoms as the main goal, can right amount with mirror, keep 0.5 ~ 1 diopter.

3, for the high hyperopia (above 3 d) children, far and near visual acuity can have varying degrees of decline, are most amblyopia have vision fatigue, even for these children to treat amblyopia and in addition to the vision fatigue elimination as the main purpose,

glasses can be divided into stages, but the glasses for the first time with best vision of the highest degree for the principle, to adapt to the 3-6 months after wearing glasses degree adjustment.

Anyhow, farsightedness problems in children, the parents never taken for granted, not by the treatment is free for children to use products and drugs on the market, these wrong ideas and practices not only can delay the child's treatment, can also lead to illness became more complex. Parents should do is to discover the child eyes when there are abnormal, should be as soon as possible to normal hospital ophthalmology system checks, and follow the doctor's treatment, lest affect children eyesight.