状语从句

状语从句

【导学线索】

解状语从句“三部曲”

第一步：弄清主从句的逻辑关系。 第二步：辨析连接词的语义和语用特征。 第三步：据逻辑关系选出适当的连接词。 【导学目标】

1】 了解状语从句的常见连词 2】 能够辨析常考的状语从句连词。 基础知识 时间状语从句 一，when, while, as

1,when既可以引导一个持续动作，也可以引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如：

When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. When the movie ended, the excited people didn’t want to leave.

当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。如： As a young man(=when he was a young man), he was fond of hunting.

2,while引导的动作必须是持续性的动作侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如： Please don’t talk so loud while others are working..

3,从属连词as可表示从句和主句两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……,(一边……)”或“随着……”。如：

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.. As time went by, it became warmer and warmer. 随着时间的流逝，天变得越来越暖和了。

4，when还可以做并列连词，其意义为“在那时，在这时”，相当于and at this/that time.常用于下列句式：

Somebody was doing something when…….

Somebody was about to do/ going to do/ on the point of doing something when…… Somebody had just done something when……如： We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain. 此外when还表示原因，“既然”。如：

It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes. 5,while 作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。如： He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.

6,如果主句表示的是短暂性的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when while as 可互换使用。如：

When/while/as I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

（ when/while/as ）I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store. 二，

as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant,

once(一……就…….)

这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一…….就……..”

从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如：

The moment I hear the voice, I know father is coming. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.

注意：no sooner ……than…….; hardly/ scarcely……when……这一结构的时态搭配；no sooner与hardly/ scarcely引导的句子谓语动词应该用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应该用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。如：

I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 三：till, until和not until

1,肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句，从句都为肯定式，意为“某一动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如： He remained there until she arrived.

You may stay here until the rain stops.

2,否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：

He won’t go to bed till/ until she returns. 3,till不可以至于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4, not……until句型中的强调和倒装用法：

It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it（强调句）

Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首，主句要倒装) 句型转化：I didn’t leave until she came back.

____not _____ ____until_____she came back____didn’t____ ___I____ leave. ____it_____ ____was_____not until she came back___that____ I ____left____. 四．Before 和since

1,若表达“还未…….就…….;不到……就……. ; …….才……; 趁；还没来得及”时，需用连词before。如：

We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

2, it will be/ was+一段时间+before…….多久之后才…….。如： It wasn’t long before we met again.

3,since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。Since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应的，主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：

I have written home four times since I came here. She has been working in this factory since she left school.

4,在“it is+一段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：

It is three years since the war broke out.战争爆发以来有三年了。

It is three years since I smoked a cigar. (=since I stopped smoking a cigar.)我不吸烟有三年了。 如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”。

It is three years since I began to smoke. 辨析

It is three years since she came to our class. It is three years since he lived here.

五，every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……;每次……;下次…….”等。如：

Every/ Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. The last time you saw James, he was lying in bed. 【题组训练】选择when, before, since或until填空：

Few people will pay full attention to their health___umtil_____ they get certain incurable disease. Let me take down what you said __before_____ I forget.

It may take ten years or more __before_____ the scientists can find a cure for AIDS. It is several weeks ___since___ my father got drunk last time.

We were chatting happily on the Internet ___when_____ the light went out. Three years has passed ___before____ I knew it. 第二课时 【导学目标】

地点状语从句和原因状语从句 一，地点状语从句

二，1，引导地点状语从句的连词where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之

后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句需放在主句之前。如： Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. 我们应该到党最需要我们的地方。

2，注意区分where 引导的定语从句与状语从句

If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. [句型转换]you’d better make a mark where you have any question.

换成定语从句：you’d better make a mark at the place where you have any question.

——Mom, what did your doctor say?

——He advised me to live ___d____the air is fresh.

A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where

二，原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的连词有： because, as, since, now that(既然,因为), seeing that, considering that, in that(because),每个连词的含义不尽相同。如： ——why are you absent from the meeting? ——because I am ill.

As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.

Now that/since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.

I like the city, but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country. 此外for加分句也可表示原因如：

It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.

After the war, a new school building was put up ___b____ there once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when

I have kept the portrait ___b____ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.

A. which B. where C. whether D. when _____b____ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. A. For B. Now C. Since D. Despite 三，目的状语从句和结果状语从句 一，目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case（以防）等 1， in order that与so that

两个连词都意为“以便……; 为了……”,引导的状语从句需要用情态动词， in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前(之前+之后)，之后，而so that引导的状语从句只能置于主句之后。如：

I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.

In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.

2, for fear that, in case

这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用（should+）动词原形，它本身带有否定意义、相当于so that...not…或in order that…not….如;

The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/ for fear that his father should see him. Take your raincoat in case it should rain. 三，结果状语从句

1，引导结果状语从句的连词有： so that, so…that…, such…that…。在非正式语体中，由so…that…, such…that…引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式： So+形容词/副词+that从句

So+adj+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句 So+many/much/few/little(少)+名词+that从句

Such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数形式+that从句

Such +adj+可数名词复数形式/ 不可数名词+that从句 Such +a lot of/ lots of+名词+that从句 如：

Mike is _such_____an honest worker hat we all believe him. =Mike is ___so___ honest a worker that we all believe him. It is ____such___ fine weather that we all want to go to the park. He earned ___so_____ little money that he couldn’t support his family. 当so 或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。

So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 用适当的连词填空

It is not surprising that __such______ little(小) worms eat _____so_(如此)_ little(少) grain. Can you believe that in _such_____a rich country there should be ___so_(如此)___many poor people?

四，条件状语从句和方式状语从句 一，条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有: if, unless(=if…not, 除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一)，

on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。如： You will fail the exam unless you study hard. (=if you don’t study hard). As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.

Suppose/supposing(that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help? In case there is a fire, what will you do first? 二，方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的连词有：as（按照）, as if, as though（好像）等。方式状语从句应该放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如： Do as you are told to, or you’ll be fired.

The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. I feel as if I have a fever. 感叹句 Not… until…

结果状语从句和目的状语从句区分。

感叹句 How+adj+主谓！

How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓！ What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓！

What+( )+ adj+ n复/ 不可数+主谓！

第三课时

【导学目标】

1】 正确理解和区分让步状语从句 2】 掌握部分特殊连接词的考点 让步状语从句和比较状语从句 一，让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的连词有

1， although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)

although 与though两者意思相同，一般可以互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless（然而）连用，但不能和but连用。如：

He is unhappy, though/ although he has a lot of money.

Although/ Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 注意: though 还可以用作副词，意为“可是，然而，”置于句末。如： He said he would come, he didn’t, though.

Even though/even if it is raining, we’ll go there. (陈述语序) Even if I were busy, I would go. (虚拟语气) 2， as 引导的让步状语从句需倒装。

As从句一般放在主句之前，需用倒装语序。从句中的表语，状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。如： Child as he is, he knows a lot.

Much as I like it, I won’t buy it, for it’s too expensive. Try as he might, he could not find a job.

注意: although 引导的从句只能用正常语序，而though引导的状语从句可以倒装也可以不用倒装。Although 不能倒装 though可到装也可以不倒装 as 必须倒装 Smart though/ as she is, she doesn’t study hard. ( T ) Though she is smart, she doesn’t study hard. ( T ) Although she is smart, she doesn’t study hard. ( T ) Smart although she is, she doesn’t study hard. ( F ) As she is smart, she doesn’t study hard. ( F )

3,while（尽管）也可以引导让步状语从句，常放在句首。如：

While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.

4, whether…or…(不管…还是…); 疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词（不管…….; 无论……）。 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

Whatever (= no matter what) you say, he won’t believe you. Whoever you are(= no matter who you are), you must obey the rules.

注意： whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如：

You can take whatever you like. 【题组训练】

I’ll be your friend, ________AB_________________ happens.

A. whatever B. no matter what ______AB_____ I see him, he is busy with his research work.

A. whenever B. no matter when

He liked reading very much, ____AB______________ he went, he took a book with him A. wherever B. no matter where ______A____ leaves the room last should remember to turn off the light. A. whoever B. no matter who

I’m too busy to buy you a present, so you can use the money to buy ____A____ you like. A. whatever B. no matter what 二，比较状语从句

比较状语从句是表示比较，比例，类比等的句子，其主要句子结构如下：

1， 主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词原型+as+被比较对象

这个句型叫等比句结构，表示两个人和事物在性质，特征等方面相似或相等，即相等的比较，被比对象可能是从句中的主语，也可能是宾语或其他成分。两个as作用不同，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，含有“比”，“如同”的意思，它所引导的从句通常是省略形式

Physics is as important as mathematics (is) Take as much as you want.

表示两个人或事物在性质，特征等方面不相似或不相同时，就用“主语+谓语+not so/as+ 形容词/副词+(名词)+ as+被比较对象” 这个句型。 You are not so old as you look.

There was no garden so lovely as his in this city. It isn’t as cold as it was yesterday.

有时as好像是从句的主语，其实是从句的主语省略了。 There were not so many tickets available as were asked for.

比较句的肯定形式还有the same as, such…as, 否定形式还有not the same as, not such…as.

Your name is the same as your father’s. I never met such a man as your younger brother. 2,主语+谓语+形容词/副词的比较级+than+被比较对象

在这种结构中than是个连词，引导比较状语从句，如果被比较的对象为名词或代词，一般采用省略形式，省去与主句相同的部分。 This river is longer than that one.

She studies more diligently than her classmates.

有时，连词than后直接跟从句的谓语，这时我们可以把它看成是省略了某些词语。 She played the piano much better than could have been expected.

There were more casualties（伤亡者） than was reported. (=than it was reported there were) 在这种结构中，有时比较对象需要根据上下文内容进行判断； 有时对象含蓄在主句中，这时后面往往是一个表示时间或条件的修饰语。

Taking this medicine helps to relieve his headache, and makes him less ill-tempered than before. Than he no one could show a friendlier attitude to you. 3,主句+谓语+形容词/副词最高级+（名词）+范围

在这个句子结构中，形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the， 副词最高级的前面可加the，可不加。 形容词最高级后面可跟名词，而副词后面却不能跟名词，他只能修饰动词，比较范围一般是短语或从句。

This coat is the most expensive that I’ve ever bought. She bought the least expensive towels that she could find. 最高级还可以用以下结构表示 ……否定词语…+ 比较级 I have never seen a taller building.

No other book has had a greater influence on my life. ……否定词语……+so +形容词/副词+ as +比较对象 There is nothing I like so much as traveling abroad. He has never been so happy as he is today. More…than any other

She is more beautiful than any other girl in the school. As…as any

He runs as fast as any other student in the class. The river is as long as any other in the world. 4, the+比较级， the+比较级

这是表示比例的句型，意思是“越……，就越……”，后面跟的是形容词或副词的比较级。通常前面为条件状语从句，后面为结果主句。 The more, the better. The sooner, the worse.

The more hard you work, the greater progress you will make. 主句的主谓有时半倒装，以保持句子的平衡。 The more you read, the better will you write.

5,类比句，表示两类事物的相同或相似关系，通常用连词引导从句，其主要句型是 1）A is to B what/as C is to D.

Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. 2) A does for B what C does for D.

Leaves do for plant what lungs do for animals. 3) A is that to B which C is to D

Intellect（智力） is that to mind which sight is to the body. 4) A does that for B which C does for D.

Railways do that for a country which blood vessels do for a man’s body. 状语从句的省略现象

当主从句的主语一致，从句的谓语部分有be，或者从句是it is/was…时，可以省去从句中的主语和be动词或it is/ was.

一，时间状语从句中常见的省略。

While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.

As a young man, Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster. I prefer my milk a little sweetened whenever possible. 二，条件状语从句中常见的省略。 Come tomorrow if possible. If so you must come back and get it. I’ll buy a TV set if necessary.

Unless repaired, the machine is of no use. 方式状语从句中常见的省略形式 Some flowers shut up at night as if to sleep.

She stood at the gate as if ( she was) waiting for someone. The inspector looked round, as if (he was) in search of something.

补全下列被省略的句子

Pressure can be reduced when it is needed. Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten. He was a swimmer when a child. He has no money. If any, he would give us. If in need, don’t hesitate to ask me for money. Jane seemed as if good at everything. 【易考点】关于as引导的从句的小结

a)

定于从句

As we know, he is the best player in our class. This is such a heavy stone as we can’t carry. (2)时间状语从句(两个动作必须同时进行) As we are older, we’re getting wiser. (3)让步状语从句（必须倒装）

Much as I admire him as a writer, I don’t like him as a man. (4)原因状语从句

As all the seats were full, he stood up. (5)方式状语从句

When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (6)比较状语从句

This book is as interesting as that one.

参 语法复习六：状语从句

（一）

1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. 让步 2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be.比较 3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.方式

4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.结果 5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.条件

6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.时间 7. Where there is water, there is life.地点

8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.目的 9. Since you are very busy, I won't trouble you.原因 10. Even if (though) I fail, Ill never lose heart.让步 11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.时间 12. I will find her wherever she may be. 让步

13. Now that you've come, you'd better have dinner with us.原因 14. He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.结果 15. We must do everything as he tells us.方式 16. India is much bigger than Japan.比较

17. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.让步

18. As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates.条件

（二）1. when; 2. as soon as; 3. as; 4. though; 5. Whwerever; 6. because; 7. Since; 8. whenever; 9. Since; 10. because; 11. so that; 12. though; 13. as; 14. that; 15. than; 16. Even if; 17. that; 18. as

（三）1~5 CADAC 6~10 ABCBA 11~15 DDCAB 16~20 DABAD 21~25 CABBA 26~30 BCCBD 31~35 BACDD 36~40 ADCDD 41~45 CCBAD 46~50 DBCBD 51~53 CDD