1. The appearance and the growth of novel is mainly in the 17th and 18th century.
2. The earliest form of short fiction: mythology, parable, fables, folklores, etc.
3. In the third person omniscient point of view, the narrator appears to know everything about all the characters, including what they are thinking. It takes no actions, casts no judgments, expresses no opinions and has no physical form in or out of the story.
4. The major contribution of 19th century critical realists is perfection of the novel.
5. Charles Dickens is best known for his character-portrayal. An important feature of Dickens’s fictional art is his humour and satire. He is also powerful in painting pictures of pathos if need be.
6. Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), novelist and poet, is one of the representatives of English critical realism at the turn of the 19th century. His famous novels are Far from the Madding Crowd, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles, and etc.
7. D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930) is one of the most influential and creative writers of the 20th century, a controversial figure due to his frankness about sex. But now he is recognized a serious writer and moralist.8. Katherine Mansfield’s stories, which focus upon psychological conflicts, reveal the influence of Anton Chekhov.
9. Frank O'Connor was perhaps Ireland's most complete man of letters, best known for his varied and comprehensive short stories but also for his work as a literary critic, essayist, travel writer, translator and biographer.
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暨南大学《英国国短篇小说》试卷A 考生姓名、学号：
10. Many of Virginia Woolf’s experimental techniques, such as the use of stream of consciousness, or interior monologue, have been absorbed into the mainstream of fiction.
11. Katherine Mansfield had much influence on the development of the short fiction as a form of literature.
12. Some modernist authors as Virginia Woolf were profoundly influenced by Mansfield’s stream of consciousness and symbolic narrative style.
13. Doris Lessing (1919- ), the Iran-born British writer, is a Nobel Prize winner for literature in 2007.
14. James Joyce(1882-1941), the Irish novelist, is noted for his experimental use of language in such works as Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake(1939). Joyce’s technical innovations in the art of the novel include an extensive use of interior monologue.
15. H. G. Wells (1866-1946) is the first successful English author of science fiction. He was for a time a member of the socialist Fabian society.
16. Irony is a matter of perceived disconnection between words and real attitude or value of the speaker. Irony can be categorized into verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony.
17. George Eliot(1819-1880) is one of the most prominent Victorian writers, among whom are Charles Dickens and Thackeray. She lived a controversial and unconventional life, and had invited much critical debate. But her works stand on their own, not to be
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暨南大学《英国国短篇小说》试卷A 考生姓名、学号：
overshadowed by her personal life.
18. Myth is a traditional story whose author is unknown. It has its roots in the primitive folk-beliefs of cultures, and uses the supernatural to interpret natural events and to explain a culture’s view of the universe and the nature of humanity.
19. An initiation story is a story whose overall plot is concerned with putting the protagonist through a particular sort of experience. The idea is that the character is forced, by what he/she encounters in the course of the action, to become \"a different person,\" usually someone more complicated, more comprehensive, with wider views.
20. In fiction, conflict is the fundamental tension, predicament, or challenge that propels a story plot --- the struggle within the plot between opposing forces
21. The authors who made the art of the short story achieve its perfection: Edgar Allen Poe, Honoré de Balzac, Anton Chekhov, Washington Irving.
22. In fiction, conflict is the fundamental tension, predicament, or challenge that propels a story plot --- the struggle within the plot between opposing forces.
23. Internal conflict is the battle between what the character wants to do and what the character must do --- inner turmoil, moral dilemmas or overcoming trauma
24. Subject is what the story is generally about. It is a concise summary of the story’s content expressed in one word or phrase.
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暨南大学《英国国短篇小说》试卷A 考生姓名、学号：
题型：选择题 填空题 连线题 改写题 （summary of a story） 简答题
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