汉英翻译基础课后练习

汉英翻译基础课后练习

2.1指称意义的翻译

一、 用直译法翻译下列词组

1） 结构调整structural reconfiguration 现存经济current\\existing economy regime 实行市场经济to adopt a market economy 和发展生产力to liberate and expand productive forces 从计划经济想市场经济过度the shift from “planned commodity economy” to “market economy” 走自己的路，建设有中国特色的社会主义to take our own path in building socialism with Chinese characteristics

2） 假冒伪劣商品fake or poor quality commodities 商标专有权the patent right of the trademark registration 经纪事务所broker office\\house 终止合同to terminate a contract 执行合同to perform\\execute\\fulfil a contract

3） 证券交易所securities exchange 股票市场stock market 商品期货commodity future exchange 成交量transaction value

4） 健身房exercise room 健身俱乐部health club 健身中心fitness center 美容美发室beauty salon 桑拿浴sauna 歌舞厅ballroom KTV包房karaoke boxes

5） 售票处booking office 补票处fare-adjustment office 收款处cashier 收款机cash register 计账员bookkeeper 服务员领班head waiter 未订座者walk-in guest

登记入店check-in 当日可取服务the same-day service

6） 海底电缆电线cablegram 通讯卫星comsat小型摄像机camcorder(camera recorder)

新闻杂志

newsmag(news

magzine)

新闻娱乐节目

infotainment(information entertainment)

二、 用音译法或者音译意译结合法翻译下列名称

上海新力机器厂Shanghai Xinli Machinery Plant

烟台张裕葡萄酿酒公司Yantai Zhangyu Grape Wine Company

三联企业有限公司Sanlian Enterprise Ltd

神华集团有限责任公司Shenhua Group Corporation Ltd

兰生股份有限责任公司Lansheng Group Corporation Ltd

西丽湖度假村Xi Li Lake Holiday Resort

武汉中心百货大楼Wuhan Zhongxin Department Store

云集斋工艺画店Yunjizhai Crafts & Painting Store

“万家乐”电脉冲点火燃气快速热水器WANJIALE Electropilse Ignition Gas Water Heater

东方宾馆Dong Fang Hotel

三、 完成句子（句子略）

请注意Attention please 三潭印月the Three Towers Reflecting the Moon 湖心亭Mid-Lake Pavilion 孤山白堤Gu Shan Bai Causeway 断桥the Broken Bridge 着眼于are aimed at 突出的社会问题a top social problem 金融finance 财税taxation 外汇foreign exchange 投资investment 外贸和粮价foreign trade and the price of grain 将性金融和商业性金融分离separating policy-related finance from commercial finance 良好的发展势头a great boost to healthy development in general 自营出口self-management in export 本金the principal 贷款协议的规定the provisions of the loan agreement the magic

四、将下列文章题目或句子译成英语

1）“扩大企业自主权，加强国有企业的民主管理”Enlarging the Decision-Making Power of the Enterprises and Strengthening the Democratic Management of the State-Owned Enterprises

2）“论旅游者与旅游资源的双向吸引模式”On the Two-Way Attractive Model of Tourists and Tourism Resources

3）“幽默在导游中的妙用”On the Clever Use of Humour in Tour-Guiding.

4）西陵峡以险峻闻名，巫峡以秀丽著称，瞿塘峡以雄伟见长The Xiling Gorge is

famed for its breathtaking steepness, the Wu Gorge is noted for its elegance and grace ,and the Qutang Gorge is famous for its magnificence.

5）外商独资经营企业在中国注册登记享有中国法人资格，受中国法律的保护和管辖，拥有充分的经营自主权。Registered in China , a solely foreign-funded enterprises, which acquires the status of a Chinese legal person ,is subject to jurisdiction and protection of Chinese laws and enjoys full rights to operate independently.

2．2言内意义的翻译

一、完成句子，汉译英

一）重复

1）极温柔、极敏感、极坚定的信念the utmost gentleness, sensitive and firmness of belief

2）劳动无定员、质量无严格检查、成本无核算the number of workers needed for a job is not fixed, the quality of products is not strictly checked and cost accounting not earnestly practised 人力、物力、财力manpower, material resources and financial resources

3）真的谴责，我们必须谴责，谴责do condemn----we must condemn

二）叠词

1）浓浓的雪花，纷纷扬扬，遮着高高的白塔、葱葱的琼岛、长长的游廊和静静的湖面

Snow covered the tall pagoda, Qiongdao Islet with its green pines, the long corridor and quite lake

2）螺号阵阵，渔歌声声，近近远远，红旗飘飘，白帆点点

the fisherman`s conches trumpeting and their songs ringing here and there ,and red flags fluttering and white sails dotting the sea far and near.

3）只好眼睁睁的看着 watched helplessly

三）双关

They keep their eyes(只朝上，不朝下)on those above them rather than those below them

四）一语双叙

有文凭没文化，有学历没学问的青年youth who have diplomas but do not have the corresponding educational level, who records of formal schooling but little learning.

五）音韵

We must not(大事化小，小事化了)belittle big problems or exaggerate what is

just trivial

二、将下列句子译成英语

1、节日的高潮是除夕夜，在旧年与新年交替之时，家庭全体成员要聚在一起吃年饭，菜中有道菜是鱼，而且有人讲究不能把它吃完，图个“年年有余”的吉利。

The festival reaches its climax on the lunar New Year`s Eve when the past lunar year gives place to the new one. All the family members are together to have their yearly sumptuous reunion supper on the Eve .Among the dishes, a fish course should be served. However, the fish must not be eaten up, as some people would emphasizes , for the sake of “niannian youyu”(which means having more than enough to use and eat every year; “youyu” is pronounced alike in Chinese when standing for “having fish” and “surplus”, indicating an auspicious future. )

2、我们决不能回到过去那种状况，把经济搞得死死的。

We should never go back to the old days of trampling the economy to death.

3、轮番提价势必影响经济和社会的稳定，搞得人心惶惶。

This kind of price spiral will endanger economic and social stability and give rise to panic.

4、每天早上，许多小鸟在离我们家不远的树上唧唧吱吱地叫。

Every morning ,there are a lot of birds chirping\\chirruping\wittering in the trees not far from our house.

5、责任制度，条件成熟了的就可以实行，条件不成熟的就不要实行。

The system of job responsibility can be adopted where the conditions are ripe and not otherwise.

6、石鼓一响，黄金万两。

Beat the stone drum to let your good luck come.

7、华夏之门，徐徐地、但实实在在地，开了。

China`s door was opened, slowly but unmistakably.

8、对于爱恋中的情人来说，这不是雾，是晶莹温暖的初雪，是撩动情肠的万缕情丝。

To lovers ,in was not fog, but glittering warm early snow that plucked the strings of love.

2.3语用意义的翻译

一、将括号内的汉语译成英语

1、请客吃饭、走后门wining and dining and going in for “backdoor dealings”

2、宏观 持续稳定macro-control ,sustained and stable

3、Winter swimming is(受益无穷，其乐无穷)both boundlessly beneficial and enjoyable

4、The pity is after three cups of alcohol he(豪情大发,嘟嘟嘟，来个底朝天)gets wild and unrestrained and ends in gulping down a whole bottle.

5、One meal without liquor will upset him and set him complaining(甚至会到处找酒喝)and even searching around for drink.

6、His mother died when he was three, and his sister-in-law(一泡屎一泡尿地把他拉扯大) did everything like a mother to bring him up.

7、（双方持此协议）It is hereby agreed that……

二、汉译英

1、他们闹着要吃温小马的喜酒。

They insisted jokingly that Wen Xiaoma should invite them to a wedding feast.

2、宗教不得干预政治。

It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion.

3、湛江港素有“南海明珠”之称。港内水域宽阔，水深浪静，万吨轮船通行无阻，五万吨轮船可乘潮自由进出。

Zhanjaing Port is noted as “A Bright Pearl on the South China Sea”. Its inner harbour is broad and wide with water calm and deep. Vessels of 10,000 tons can enter or leave the port with ease and 50,000-ton freighters can call at or depart from the port with the flood tide.

4、必须采取措施，改善投资环境。还要采取有效措施，切实制止对企业乱摊派、乱收费的错误做法。

Measures to improve investment environment must be taken ,and, above all, effective measures should be adopted in no time to check improper practices, such as sharing extra expenses among foreign and joint enterprises and collecting unreasonable fees among them.

5、上海近两年遇到了好机遇，变化很大，这既是对全国的推动，也是全国对上海鞭策的结果。简洁地概括为三句话：关心，全国支持，上海争气。

In recent two years, great changes have taken place in Shanghai owing to reform opportunities. The achievement are not only spurs from but also impetus to the reform being carried out nationwide. We owe them to the concern of the central government, the support of other provinces and efforts of the Shanghai people.

6、阁下如认为该公司信守合同，可以胜任我公司之代理商，则请告知，我们当不胜感激。

It would be much appreciated if you would inform us whether you deem them to be reliable enough to abide by agreement hence qualified to be an agent on our behalf.

7、承蒙社会各界的有好合作和信赖，在此谨代表大地集团同仁表示真诚的谢意。

On behalf of all the staff of the corporation , I would express my sincere gratitude to people from all circles of life for their friendly co-operation and trust.

8、这是一幅女儿国的画面。在这里女着男装主外，男着女装主内，阴阳颠倒，让人啼笑皆非。This is the scene entitled In the State of Women, in which the sex roles are reversed. Women dressed as men go out to work and men dressed as women stay in to do the housework.

9、父亲说：“事已至此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路！”

Farther said, “Now that things have come to such a pass, it`s no use crying . Fortunately , Heaven always leaves one a way out. ”

10、送亲和迎亲队伍簇拥着花轿到了新郎家，新娘在亲戚的搀扶下出轿进入大厅，恭候新郎来拜堂。

The bridal sedan arrives in front of the bridegroom`s house escorted by the

relatives and friends of both parties. The bride is helped out of the chair and taken inside the ball by her relatives, waiting for the bridegroom to take the ceremony of Baitang.

2.5 虚词的翻译

1、With no soil ,sunshine ,water or fresh air, (只凭借自身的能量，它竟然发芽了).it sprouted, depending on nothing but that much energy stored in its own body.

2、Indiscriminate fines , charges and assessments(非治不可)must be put to an end。

3、After the students got the printed questions and compared them with the dictated ones, they found to their great surprise that (连标点符号都没错一个)there was not a single difference even in punctuation.

4、Not a boy in this class but could play football(而且有几个还是校队队员)and some of them were football players in the school team.

5、The article(总算完成了)has been at last hammered out.

6、She jumped(由于高兴)with joy.

7、Yes, it is somewhat monotonous,(有一点儿吧)isn`t it?

8、(只有通过调查研究，我们才能)Only after making investigation can we reach a

sound conclusion.

3、1主语的确定

一、翻译下列句子

1）真是太荒唐了

It’s utterly absurd.

2）热得我满头大汗

I’m all in a sweet with the heat.

3）又盖了许多楼堂馆所

Many tall buildings, big mansions, hotels and guest houses have been built recently.

4）你竟然喜欢他，真是有趣

It is interesting that you should like him.

5）完成这项工作我们花了五年的时间

It took us five years to complete the project.

6）大家指望那位老教授会来参加我们的晚会

It was expected that the old professor would come to our evening party.

7）就只剩下28美元了

There remained just 28 dollars.

8）我一见到那个孤儿，总会想起他的父母

The sight of the orphan always reminds me of his parents.

9）四月一日，会议召开了

April 1 saw the opening of the meeting.

10)新的一年才过了一个月，经济改革又出现了新的高潮

The new year was barely one month old when it witnessed the latest flourish of the economic reform.

二、选择恰当的主语完成下面的翻译（每空一词）

1、星期天早晨他的身体状况仍未好转。

Sunday morning found him still unwell.

2、我们期望在不久的将来中国人能受到更好的教育。

It is our anticipation that the Chinese people will get a better education in the near future.

3、巨大的高炉、平炉群，每天都练出数以万吨计的钢和铁。

Every day, thousands of tons of iron and steel are turned out here from the huge furnaces.

4、以前人们以为原子是最小的元素，现在才知道原子还可以分为原子核与电子、中子与质子。Atoms used to be regarded as the smallest elements. Now , it is known that atoms can be further divided into nuclei and electrons , neutrons and protons.

5、如果我们抓住并利用这些机会，武汉的工业将会有灿烂的明天。

If we seize and make full use of the opportunities today, Wuhan’s industry will have a splendid tomorrow.

6、现代工业需要大量蒸汽。

Large quantities of steam are required by modern industry.

7、一位年轻的工程师设计了这种世界上最快的飞机。

This kind of airplane, the fastest in the world, was designed by a young

engineer.

8、人们在19世纪做了一些用钢筋来加强水泥的试验。

The 19th century saw experiment to make concrete stronger by reinforcing bars.

9、第一架喷气式客机1952年在英国开始飞行。

Britain saw the first jet airline in 1952.

10、附近的孩子免费上这所学校。

Admission to this school is free to children from the neighborhood.

3、2谓语的选择

一、将下列句子译成英语

1、东湖里的鱼很多。

Fish abound in the East Lake.| The East Lake abounds with fish.

2、魏华要我陪她一起到书店里去。

Wei Hua asked me to accompany her to the bookstore.,

3、她公然反对她父母想她嫁给那个男人的意愿。

She defied her parents` wish to marry her to that man.

4、我岁数大了，他们不让我继续干活。

I am getting on in years and they won’t allow me to continue working any more.

5、对这种病例，我过去从未有过这种看法。

This view of the case did not occur to me before.

6、你看什么时候可以给婴儿的咽喉动手术呢？

When do you think the baby’s throat can be operated on.

7、我们给他送了一部他最近访问中国的彩色纪录片。

We presented him with a colour documentary film on his recent visit to China.

8、我们应该尽我们最大的努力防止这类事故的再次发生。

We should do our best to prevent this kind of accident from happening again.

9、禁止旅客在公共汽车上吸烟。

Passengers are prevented from smoking in the bus.

10、我给他写了一封信，建议他把文章寄给<<人民日报>>社。

I have written him a letter and suggested that he send his article to the general office of People’s Daily. 二、选择恰当的谓语完成下列句子（每空一词）

1、李教授代替生病住院的教室上课。

Professor Li is a substitute for the teacher who is ill in hospital.

2、他对这件事漠不关心。

His attitude towards the matter is one of indifferent.

3、不通国家的社会习俗往往大相径庭。

Social customs are usually different from country to country.

4、天气真冷，我的手都失去知觉了。

It was so cold that my fingers went numb.

5、那个生病的孩子已经几天没上学了，她妈妈很担心她的学习。

The sick child has been absent from class for several days, her mother worried about her studies very much.

6、那位职业网球手因在比赛前服用兴奋剂而被取消进入决赛的资格。

That professor tennis player was disqualified from entering the finals because he had taken some stimulant before the match.

7、与会者对这个问题的观点差别太大，以致发生了争吵，一时会场的气氛紧张起来。

The opinions of the attendants were far from unanimous about the issue so that some of them began to quarrel with each other. The atmosphere at the meeting became tense at the moment.

8、这台机器坏了，必须请一位技术人员马上修好。

The machine has broken down, so one of the technicians must be fetched to repair it at once.

9、现代男性服装近来趋向于更加简单的款式。

Recently there has been a trend towards simpler fashions in modern men’s clothes.

10、那里有许多金属粒，要在那里着陆飞碟不可能不会被某一颗金属粒撞碎。

There are so many metal particles there that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without its being smashed by one.

3、3和3、4

1、第二次世界大战是一九四五年八月十五日结束的。

The Second World War ended on August 15th ,1945./ World War 11 came to an end on August 15th ,1945.

2、有关这个题目现有的所有文章，她用一个单子列了出来。

She made a list of all the articles on the subject.

3、听了她的讲述，所有在场的人都很受感动。

Everyone present was moved by her story.

4、真奇怪，天仙般女人竟然嫁给了一个恶魔般的男人。

It is incredible that an angle of a woman should have married a devil of a man.

5、我们面临的这场严重危机很快就会过去。

It won`t be long before we get over the serious crisis confronting us.

6、这一偶然发现的物质使医学发生了性的变化。

The substance, discovered by chance, has revolutionized medicine.

7、他刚被采纳的两项合理建议成了报纸头版头条新闻，在全国引起了巨大反响。

His two rational proposal that have just been adopted have hit the headlines in the press and evoked nationwide repercussions.

8、作家如果具有强烈的正义感和丰富的同情心，能勇敢地笑，大胆地写，写出来的作品必定是活的，永生的。

Works written with undaunted laughter and hatred by writers who have a strong sense of righteousness and a tender heart of sympathy will certainly be lifelike and eternal.

9、他们之所以先知先觉，是因为他们知识渊博，同时还认识到自己的不足。

They can be men of foresight in that they have much knowledge and recognize that they need more.

10、我禁不住流下了热泪。幸亏月光下的夜色，没让人看到我的脆弱。

I felt tears streaming from my eyes. Thanks to the dimness of the evening under the moonlight, I had been able to conceal my frailty.