专业英语四级（语法与词汇）历年真题试卷汇编12 (题后含答案及解
析)
题型有： 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1． Mr. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he ______ for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.
A．has worked B．works
C．has been working D．is working
正确答案：D
解析：从句意来看，怀特先生并不是工业交易会的长期雇员，所以不能用一般现在时；此外他正在休假期间，所以才有空做其他工作，所以包含过去含义的现在完成时和现在完成进行时都不合适；现在进行时与“在休假期间”相吻合，所以D为正确选项。
2． Professor Johnson is said ______ some significant advance in his research in the past year.
A．having made B．making
C．to have made D．to make
正确答案：C
解析：is said后跟不定式，不能跟动词-ing形式，排除A和B。从句中的时间状语in the pastyear可以看出动作已经发生并完成。C项to have made是不定式的完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，而D项to make表示动作没有发生，故C项正确。
3． I ______ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.
A．would enjoy
B．will have enjoyed C．would have enjoyed D．will be enjoying
正确答案：C
解析：本句含有if引导的条件句，从句中使用了hadn’t been，是对过去情况的假设，因此主句的结构应为would have done，故答案为C。
4． If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ______ able to advise you much better than I can.
A．would be
B．will have been C．was D．were
正确答案：A
解析：本题条件状语从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained，说明其内容与现在或将来的情况相反，所以主句的谓语动词应该用“would+动词原形”，答案为A。
5． If you ______ in such a hurry you ______ sugar into the sauce instead of salt. A．were not, would not put B．were, would put
C．had been, would have put
D．had not been, would not have put
正确答案：D 解析：题干中把糖放到酱汁里这个动作已经发生，因此本句是对过去情况的假设。if条件状语从句应使用had done，主句使用would／should／could have done。选项C和D在语法上都对，不过C用了肯定，表示“如果你匆忙，你会把糖当成盐放到酱汁里”，意思上不合逻辑，故D项正确。
6． ______ their help, we would not have succeeded. A．Hadn’t been for B．Had it not been for C．It hadn’t been for D．Had not it been for
正确答案：B
解析：本句是省略了if的虚拟条件句，原句的正常语序为：If it had not been for their help．省略if时，只提前助动词，否定词not不用提前，即Had it not been for….故答案为B。
7． She asked that she ______ allowed to see her son in police custody. A．would be B．could be C．be D．was
正确答案：C
解析：ask作“请求，要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词使用“(should+)动词原形”。类似用法的动词还有demand，suggest，order，require，desire，surprise等等。
8． It is necessary that he ______ the assignment without delay. A．hand in B．hands in C．must hand in D．has to hand in
正确答案：A
解析：在“It is／was+形容词+that从句”中，that引导的主语从句谓语动词常用should+动词原形。用于该句型的形容词有necessary，good，important，right，wrong，better，natural，proper，funny，strange，surprising等。
9． It is absolutely essential that William_____his study in spite of some learning difficulties.
A．will continue B．continued C．continue D．continues
正确答案：C
解析：It is essential that．．．句型中，that引导的从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。故C为正确选项。类似的形容词还有：important，necessary，imperative，advisable，desirable等。
10． If only I ______ play the guitar as well as you! A．would B．could C．should D．might
正确答案：B
解析：If only从语义和用法上都相当于I wish，后面的谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望，用would／could do表示对将来期望。选项中首先可排除C和D。而A项would侧重指人的意愿，B项could是指人的能力。句子的意思主要是指弹钢琴的能力，所以应该选择B。
11． ______ you ______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.
A．If, had
B．Have, had C．Should, have D．In case, had
正确答案：C
解析：本句的主句使用了祈使句，而非虚拟，因此从句应理解成对真实情形的一种假设。A项使用一般过去时，是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，而if真实条件句应使用一般现在时表示将来，所以A不正确，应该使用if you have．．．；B和C都省略了if，B项have had是对过去情况的虚拟，不正确：C项中的should用在假设句中，加强语气，should have是对将来情况的假设，故C为正确答案：D项Incase“万一，以防”引导的从句使用一般现在时或should+动词原形，不能用had。
12． It was recommended that passengers ______ smoke during the flight. A．not
B．need not C．could not D．would not
正确答案：A
解析：It is recommended that．．．表明that从句需要使用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，故答案为A。
13． If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you ______ able to write letters in English.
A．should be B．were C．must be D．are
正确答案：B
解析：it is(about)time(that)是一个虚拟语气句型，所跟从句的谓语动词用一般过去式，故B项were为答案。
14． I was to have made a speech if______. A．I was not called away
B．nobody would have called me away C．I had not been called away D．nobody called me away
正确答案：C
解析：was／were to have done sth．表示“本来要做成……的”，表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词应使用had done，所以应选C。
15． It’s getting late, I’d rather you ______ now. A．left B．leave
C．are leaving D．will leave
正确答案：A
解析：would rather“宁愿”后接从句时，从句动词用一般过去式表虚拟，故答案为A。注意区分would rather其他两个惯用句式：would rather do sth．“宁愿做某事”；would rather do…thando．．．“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。
16． It’s high time we ______ cutting down the rainforests. A．stopped B．had to stop C．shall stop D．stop
正确答案：A
解析：It is(high)time(that)后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或“should+动词原形”，且should不可省略，故A项stopped为答案。B项had to stop表示“一定要停止”，C项是将来时，D项动词原形，都不符合条件。
17． If only the patient ______ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.
A．had received B．received
C．should receive D．were receiving
正确答案：A
解析：if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，由于“接受不同的治疗”与过去事实相反，所以用过去完成时。故A项had received正确。
18． She seldom goes to the theatre, ______? A．doesn’t she B．does she C．would she D．wouldn’t she
正确答案：B 解析：若陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，never，rarely，few，nothing，nowhere等否定词或半否定词．其反意疑问句部分要用肯定式。同时句中时态是一般现在时，故选B。
19． She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ______?
A．hadn’t she B．hasn’t she C．wouldn’t she D．didn’t she
正确答案：C
解析：如果陈述部分是主从复合句，一般情况下，疑问部分与主句一致。本题主句部分的助动词是would。故疑问部分用wouldn’t she，C项正确。
20． I suppose that he is just joking, ______? A．don’t I B．isn’t he C．isn’t it D．is it
正确答案：B
解析：当陈述部分的主句是I suppose，I think，I believe等结构时，反意疑问句部分一般与that分句中的主谓保持对应关系。本句的从句是he is…，所以正确答案为B。
21． Do help yourself to some fruit, ______ you? A．can’t B．don’t C．wouldn’t D．won’t
正确答案：D
解析：祈使句的附加疑问句。在英语中，当前面的句子是祈使句时，其附加疑问句用won’t you，will you或would you。因此D项正确。
22． When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on my desk, ______?
A．do you B．don’t you C．will you D．won’t you
正确答案：C
解析：主句don’t forget．．．是祈使句的否定形式，否定祈使句的反意疑问结构总是用will you，故选C。
23． A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter, ______?
A．need it B．needn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it
正确答案：C
解析：needs在本句用作实义动词，且陈述部分含有否定副词hardly，故疑问部分用does it，答案为C。
24． ______ both sides accept the agreement______ a lasting peace be established in this region.
A．Only if, will B．If only, would C．Should, will D．Unless, would
正确答案：A
解析：only引导状语从句置于句首时，主句需倒装，选项A符合题意。而If only只用于感叹句，常见于虚拟语气。表示“要是……就好了”，不用于条件句中，因此在这句话里并不适合。should置于句首，相当于省略if的条件句，表示口气的不确定性，但主句部分并不倒装，因此C不合适；同样，D也不应有倒装现象。
25． Only take such clothes ______ really necessary. A．as were B．as they are C．as they were D．as are
正确答案：D
解析：本句是祈使句，开头的only修饰谓语，故不用倒装。such．．．as结构中的as，可充当准关系代词，替代前面出现的先行词clothes；本句的动作并未发生，所以不用一般过去时而用一般现在时。故答案为D项as are.
26． So badly ______ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.
A．did he injure B．injured him C．was he injured D．he was injured
正确答案：C
解析：副词so放句首，句子主谓要倒装。so badly在句中作状语，放句首表示强调。原句是“Hewas injured so badly in the car accident that．．．”，倒装时只要
把系动词或助动词移到主语前面就可以了。因此答案选C。
27． ______ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.
A．Much as
B．Much although C．As much
D．Though much
正确答案：A
解析：考查让步状语从句的倒装结构。as和though引导的让步状语从句通常将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，使用倒装结构。又如A符合题意。
28． The central provinces have floods in some years, and ______. A．drought in others B．droughts are others C．while other droughts D．others in drought
正确答案：A
解析：此题中and是并列连词，连接两个并列成分，要求两个并列部分语法对等，即与floods insome years结构保持一致，故正确答案为A。
29． This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals ______ in Africa.
A．hunted B．hunting C．that hunted D．are hunted
正确答案：A
解析：as well as连接并列分句，要求前后结构一致，形成比较，该旬的完整形式应为：…as wellas other animals from being hunted．为了避免重复，本题省略了与前面的重复部分from being．因此A为正确答案。
30． The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?” EXCEPT
A．Jim did this. B．Jim did so. C．Jim did that. D．Jim did.
正确答案：A 解析：最常见的回答是D，也可以用so和that指代前文提到的动作“told the
news to theteacher”，故B和C也可以用作回答。this多用指下文的内容，故不能用于题中的场合。选A。
31． Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people
A．do B．hear C．do them D．hearing it
正确答案：A
解析：本题由before引导的从句中，people的谓语与主句中宾语animals的补语动词(sense)相同，因此为避免重复由助动词do替代。
32． A: Mother, you promised to take me out. B: Well, ______ A．so do I. B．so did I. C．so I do! D．so I did!
正确答案：D
解析：考查动词性替代。A抱怨妈妈说话不算数；B用了一个语气词well表明她承认自己曾经许诺过这事。“so+主语+助动词”表示说话人认同对方的看法，该结构中的主语指的就是前一句话中的主语，根据前一句的promised可知助动词应使用过去式did，故答案为D。“so+助动词+主语”结构表示“……也是这样”，该结构中的主语与前一句的主语指代不同的对象，故不选A。
