高考语法复习：定语从句讲解及提升练习(有答案)

高中语法复习：定语从句讲解及提升练习

考点一 关系副词引导的定语从句

1．关系代词的基本用法

关系代词 who whom which that whose as 先行词 人 人 物 人或物 人或物 人或物 在从句中的作用 主语、宾语 宾语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 定语 主语、宾语、表语 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。

I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。

2．that和which的用法区别

先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing 等不定代词时 只用that的情况 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的情况 关系代词指物，且前有介词时 China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

引导非性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)

《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。 3．as和which的区别

as引导非性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，as 正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译which 为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 “You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes. 正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。

[易错提醒] as用在性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。

考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 when 先行词 时间名词 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，position，case，stage等) the reason 在从句中的作用 时间状语 where 地点状语 why 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。

Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.

学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。

Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？

考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。

Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。

September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。

Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.

科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在非性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。

The newly­built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。

【技法点拨】 在语法填空中：

1．首先找准先行词，分析句子结构，根据从句所缺的成分确定关系词的使用。 ①如果缺少主、宾、表作定语，需用关系代词；如果缺少状语，则用关系副词。

①确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词，是reason还是way等，从而最后确定答案。

2．若先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词用whom，若指物，则用which。牢记that与which, as与which的区别。 巩固提升： 一、单项选择

1．An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another. A．that

B．where

C．who

D．what

2．Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts? A．which

B．them

C．that

D．whom

3．Wind power is an ancient source of energy _____ we may return in the near future. A．to which

B．by which

C．from which

D．on which

4．We went through a period ________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A．which

B．whose

C．in which

D．with which

5．Mozart's birthplace and the house he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. A．where C．there

B．when D．which

6．Samuel survived when the car ________ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree. A．where C．as

B．that D．why

7．The new system in development Dr. Grey participated is not being utilized in the current National Defense program. A．which

B．where

C．whose

D．that

8．Man has the gift of reason, enables him to dominate life on earth—and the chance to survive as long as the solar system remains hospitable to him. A．why

B．which

C．that

D．as

9．Louise thought of the difficulty she could have easily acquired the money she needed to start her career. A．after which

B．with which

C．without which

D．over which

10．Were the men they noticed some recruited for the navy? A．the ones

B．who

C．of whom

D．/

11．Addressing these important issues will benefit not only the military but, is often the case, the entire country. A．as

B．which

C．that

D．if

12．We’ve advanced a number of new technological innovations helpful in opening additional markets for our products in the future. A．we believe are helpful C．as we believe are

B．that we believe they are helpful D．which we believe

13．The life events of this moment are being placed in your experience to provide you with a perfect context the true wonder and glory of Who You Really Are. A．within where you could experience C．which to experience within

B．within that to experience D．within which to experience

14．The New York Stock Exchange is no longer the company the general public thinks

it is. A．which

B．as

C．where

D．that

15．Victims often meet resistance in the very legal system, evidence may be overwhelmed by public opinion. A．which

B．where

C．whose

D．that

16．The concert world as a whole is in crisis ,but jazz ,one of the most vulnerable types on live performance ,is especially on the edge. A．which depends

B．which depend

C．that depend

D．as depends

17．He's such a remarkable tennis player ______________ seems to get the credit he deserves． A．that

B．as

C．which

D．whom

18．It must be the reason _____ Mike refused to say more about it for at the meeting______ aroused the suspicion of the detective. A．which…that

B．why…that

C．which…which

D．that…which

19．He won't want to eat it unless he's really hungry, _____ he'll eat almost anything. A．in which case

B．in that case

C．in the case

D．in case

20．Today, Britain is still a global power---- at least partly because of Queen Elizabeth II, _____ has passionately worked to strengthen ties between Britain and other global powers. A．which

B．whom

C．who

D．that

21．_______ might be expected, I did what I could to make them feel at home. A．What

B．It

C．Which

D．As

22．Bill Gates’ father made such a tremendous contribution to philanthropy （慈善）__________greatly benefited tens of thousands of college students in need of sponsorship.

A．that B．as C．which D．what

23．It was in the 1860’s _________ there was a gold rush _________ the Europeans came and settle in Queenstown in New Zealand. A．that；that

B．when；when

C．when；that

D．that；where

24．When you’re around 17, your brain has reached the point _______you can easily make wise decisions. A．when

B．which

C．where

D．that

25．The boss interviewed two applicants, neither of ______ he thought was suitable because he didn’t like the way ______ they spoke. A．whom; which

B．who; that

C．whom; in which

D．who; where

26．Her grandma, ______ help she couldn’t have achieved so much, has passed away. A．whose

B．of whose

C．with whom

D．without whose

27．I will never forget the days _______we spent and the place _______ we stayed. A．which; which C．when: which

B．when; where D．which; where

28．Is this the reason _______he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A．／

B．what

C．how

D．why

29．The man pulled out a small gold watch, _______were made of small diamonds. A．the hands of whom C．whom the hands of

B．the hands of which D．which the hands of

30．The biggest single hobby in western countries __________ western people spend their most time, energy and money is gardening.

A．that B．where C．in which D．on which

31．There are many people __________ on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails. A．who

B．whose

C．which

D．that

32．The foreign guests, __________ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

A．most of them

B．most of that

C．most of whom

D．most of those

33．This is the most exciting film __________ I have ever seen. A．that

B．which

C．who

D．whose

34．All the scenes and people _____were recorded on mobile phones or digital cameras are well connected. A．/ C．who

B．which D．that

35．Many people sleep with the charging phones right next to their heads, __________ could increase the chances of getting cancer. A．which

B．whom

C．who

D．that

36．This is the very junior high school ______ I have studied for four years. A．that

B．in that

C．where

D．on which

37．The police asked the witnesses to tell them all ______ they saw when the accident happened. A．where

B．which

C．that

D．what

38．This is one of the largest factories been rebuilt since last year. A．which have

B．that have

C．which has

D．that has

39．I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.

A．which B．what C．that D．when

40．________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it. A．It 答案：

1．A2．D3．A4．C5．A6．B7．C8．B9．C10．C11．A12．D13．D14．D15．B16．C17．B 18．A19．A20．C21．D22．B23．C24．C25．C26．D27．D28．A29．B30．D31．B32．C33．A34．D35．A36．C37．C38．39．C40．B

二、汉译英

1.尽管他几度欲放弃这个非常具有挑战性的研究工作，但他还是发挥出自己的极限，做出了 重大科学发现。(despite , push)

2.高糖、高脂、高盐的食物不利健康，你要改变饮食方式。(impact, way定语从句） 3.当他收到那封梦寐以求的信时，他情不自禁地发出了一声高兴的叫声。（look forward) 4.该款电动车提供终生免费保养，这吸引了顾客的眼球，大大促进了销量。(which) 5.该男子想方设法回避谈及这个话题，这就逼迫警方对此事件不得不展开调查。（which）6.熬夜越发成为一种普遍现象，它会导致一系列健康问题出现。（result，定语从句） 7.约翰一打开最新一期的上海中学生报，就看到了马拉多纳（Maradona）因突发心脏病去世的消息，这使他突然大哭。(burst)

8.这部歌剧，改编自童话故事，将耳熟能详的人物演活了，整个剧院充满欢声笑语。（fill）9.最初为了战争而发明的英特网为现代生活做出了巨大贡献。（purpose） 10.没过多久，教练就用Tom替换了那位表现欠佳的球员。(before; substitute)

B．As

C．Which

D．What

11.尽管我们在生活中会遇到困难，但人人都有机会让他人的生活有所改变。（regardless） 12.这部电影制作精良，主题鲜明，剧情真挚动人，被人们奉为永久的经典。(whose) 13.导演用了七周时间将上传到网上的视频片段制作成了一部展现全球各地人们日常生活的影片。(take)

14.在这个重要关头，我们需要一个能鼓舞团队士气的人。(inspire)

15.为社会做奉献的方式有很多种，其中之一就是利用闲暇时间到社区服务中心做义工。(which)

16.他第一次在罗马旅行时，并没有过多关注那些矗立在广场的雕塑背后的文艺复兴思想。(The first time…)

17.这款外卖软件给人们提供了一些点奢华饭店食物的机会，这让偏远地区的人感到高兴。（which）

18.毫无疑问，拥有很多历史遗迹的西安是个伟大的城市。（where）

19.唐朝时期，长安是丝绸之路的起点，它把中国和世界连接了起来。(which)

20.正是在特殊时期，我抵制了网络游戏的诱惑，按照自己的节奏学习，才让我培养了自律，并且获得成就和满足感。(It) 答案

1.Despite the fact that there were many times when he wanted to give up the challenging research, he still pushed himself to the limit and made a major scientific discovery.

2.The food high in sugar, fat and salt has a negative impact on your health and you should change the way you eat.

3.When he received the letter he looked forward to, he couldn't help but let out a cry of joy. 4.The type of electric car offers lifetime free maintenance, which has caught customers’ eye and greatly promoted sales.

5.The man tried hard to avoid talking about the issue, which forced the police to investigate the case.

6.Staying up late is an increasingly common phenomenon, which can/will result in a series of health problems.

7.As soon as John opened/unfolded the current issue of Shanghai Students’ Post , he read the news that Maradona had died of a sudden heart attack, which made him burst into tears/burst out crying. 8.Based on a fairy tale, the opera made the familiar characters alive, filling the theatre with laughter and joy. /In the opera, which was based on a fairy tale, the familiar characters came alive and filled the theatre with laughter and joy.

9.Internet，which was originally invented for the purpose of war, has made great contributions/ has contributed a lot to modern life.

10.It wasn’t long before the coach substituted Tom for the player who wasn’t playing well. 11.Everyone has the opportunity to make a difference in someone else's life regardless of the difficulties that we may encounter in life.

12.The carefully-made film, whose theme is distinct and plot is moving, is regarded/praised as an undying classic/a timeless classic/a long-lasting classic.

13.It took the director seven weeks to make the video clips uploaded to the Internet into a film which shows the daily routines of people around the world. 14.At this critical moment, we need a man who can inspire the team.

15.There are many ways to contribute to society, one of which is to be a volunteer at the community service center in our leisure hours.

16.The first time he travelled in Rome, he did not pay much attention / paid little attention to the Renaissance ideas behind the sculptures standing / which stood in the centre / middle of the square.

17.This food delivery app provides people with / offers people some opportunities to order food in / from fancy restaurants, which makes people in remote areas (feel) happy.

18.There is no doubt that Xi’an, where there are many historic sites, is a great city. 或Xi’an, where there are many historic sites, is no doubt a great city.

19.During the Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an was the starting point of the Silk Road, which connected China with the world.

20.It was during the special time when I resisted the temptation of online games and learned at my own pace that I cultivated self-discipline and gained a sense of achievement and satisfaction.

三、用单词的适当形式完成句子

1.Hilary Clinton said Indian Prime Minister,_______ _______ she met earlier Monday , had accepted an invitation from President Obama to visit the White House November

2.There has been no shortage of cases over the past decade _______ people hesitated to offer assistance to those who are in need.

3.Since the late 1970s, _______daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined.

4.Good publishers find and cultivate writers , some of_______ do not initially have much commercial promise.

5.Aristotle considers human nature , habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education ,________ _______the ultimate aim should be to produce good and virtuous citizens.

6.The residents, _______ homes had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross. 7.He is not a half such a fool _____________most of his colleagues thought he was.

8.One’s character is always defined by the way_____________ the rules are carried out in one’s

behavior.

9.The only reason _____________ he referred to for his success is that he always worked hard. 10.Finally, the thief handed everything __________ he had stolen to the police. 答案：

1．with whom 2．where3．when4．whom5．of which 6．whose7．as8．in which/that 9．that10．that