现在完成时(复习专用)

现在完成时的用法: 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。

现在完成时常被称为“与现在有联系的过去”，因此它不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。 现在完成时和一般过去时的比较

①两者都可表示过去发生过的动作：但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响， 而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事实。

He locked the door. 他锁过门。 (但现在门是开是锁不清楚。) He has locked the door. 他把门锁上了。(现在门是锁着的。)

Who turned on the light? 谁开的灯？ (着眼开灯的动作，不管现在灯是开是关。) Who has turned on the light? 谁把灯打开了？ (着眼开灯的结果，即现在灯还亮着。) ② 两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作： 现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。

He has lived in Beijing for four years. 他在北京住了四年了。 (现在仍住那儿。) He lived in Beijing for four years. 他曾在北京住了四年。 (现在不住那儿了。)

在下列情形下用现在完成时 一.九个词语

①already 已经 (肯定句中或句尾)

例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ②yet已经,仍然 (否定句和疑问句尾 )

例：I have not finished the work yet . Have you bought a computer yet? ③ever曾经 （句中） 例：Have you ever seen pandas? ④never从不 （句中） 例：I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just 刚刚 （句中） 例：I have just done my work.

⑥before以前 (句尾) 例：I have never been there before. ⑦so far到 目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long 多久 例：How long have you lived here?

⑨how many times 多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing?

二.两结构(for 和since) for two months for +一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 months. since last year since +过去点时间 Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years go. Since 3 years ago since 1990 Since he came here since +过去时态句子 He has been in China since he came here. 用since和for填空 1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock

7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here

12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 17.I've been like this ever since _________ .

A.last week B.for a week C.a week before D.the last week 18.My mother has worked in this factory _____2 years. A.about B.for C.in D.since 19. I haven't heard from him ______last week. A.since B.for C.ago D.before 20.His father joined the party_________.

A.for three years B.since three years ago C.three years ago D.in two years' time

三．三词组

Have/has gone to去了某地 (还没回来) 例: He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) Have/has been to去过某地 (已经回来) 例: He has been to Beijing. (去过北京) have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，

例：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 用have/has been to/in, have gone to填空

1.--Where is Jack? -- He ________________the countryside. 2. John _______________ England since he came back.

3. How long have the Greens _________________ this village? 4.The Smiths __________________ Beijing for years. 5.--___________ you ever ____________ America? -- Yes, I ______________ there many times. 6. I ___________ this school since three years ago.

四.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 五.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型

They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。 六.现在完成时中瞬间性动词不能和段时间状语连用：for…, since…,How long…

现在完成时中非延续性动词如何转换为延续性动词

现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词

延续性动词： study learn sleep live sing dance swim drink teach keep…

非延续性动词： buy borrow lend die leave begin come / go…

非延续性动词动词不能和how long ; for ….since…连用

要把它们变成其他相应的词.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- buy买了… have/has had… borrow借了… have/has kept … start/ begin开始 了… have /has been on

leave离开了… have /has been away (from).. come / go…来到某地/ 去某地…. have /has been in … die 死了… have/has been dead

1.我买这本书三年了。(1).I bought the book three years ago. (2) I have had the book for 3 years.

(3) I have had the book since 3 years ago.

How long have you had the book ?

2.他借这本书两个月了.（1）He borrowed the book two months ago. (2）He has kept the book for 2 months .

(3) He has kept the book since 2 months ago. How long has he kept the book?

3.李梅离开济南一年了 .(1) Li Mei left Jinan one year ago.

(2) Li Mei has been away from Jinan for one year. (3) Li Mei has been away from Jinan since 1 year ago. How long has Li Mei been away from Jinan? 4.会议开始20分钟了。(1) The meeting began 20 minutes ago.

(2) The meeting has been on for 20 minutes. (3) The meeting has been on since 20 minutes.

How long has the meeting been on ?

5.Tom来中国10个月了。（1）Tom came to China 10 months ago.

(2 ) Tom has been in China for 10 months.

(3 ) Tom has been in China since 10 months ago.

How long has Tom been in China?

6.Marry的祖父去世三年了。(1）Marry’s grandfather died 3 years ago.

(2) Marry’s grandfather has been dead for 3 years.

(3) Marry’s grandfather has been dead since 3 years ago.

How long has Marry’s grandfather been dead?

①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here I have come here for 3 years.（错） 改:I have been here for 3 years. ②leave/go →be away He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改:He has been away for 3 hours. ③begin/start →be on

The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改:The film has been on for 3 minutes. ④open →be open / close → be closed The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改:The shop has been open for 3 years. ⑤die →be dead His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改:His father has been dead for 3 years. ⑥finish/end→ be over He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改:The work has been over for 3 days ⑦join →be in …/be a member of.. I have joined the army for 3 years.（错） 改:I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years. ⑧buy /catch → have I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改:I have had the bike for 3 years. He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改:He has had a cold for 3 days. ⑨borrow → keep I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 改:I have kept the book for 3 years. 还有其它的改法归纳如下：

break → be broken get up → be up marry → be married become → be lose → be lost

1.Tom ___for several hours.

A. went to bed B. has been in bed C. has gone to bed D. has been to bed 2.How long have you____this city?

A. been to B. been in C. come to D. gone to 3. My aunt ____the TV for 4 months.

A. has bought B. was bought C. was had D. has had 4. Mr Brown ____the car for 3 months.

A. bought B. had bought C. has had D. buys 5. The old man ___for two days.

A. has died B. has been dead C. died D.dies 6.My sister has____ for 8 years.

A. become a driver B. left the city C. arrived in the city D. lived here 7.How long have you___?

A. joined the team B. become a team leader C. been in the team D. left the team 8. You are late. The film ____for 10 minutes.

A. has begun B. has been on C. has finished D. has started 9. How long has she _____the newspaper?

A. borrow B. lend C. kept D. buy

每处划线中有错误，在题后改正

1. Jim has bought the book for just 3 days. 2. Uncle Wang has died for 3 years. 3. I have gone to Beijing three times. 4. Jim isn’t here. He has been to Beijing. He went there this morning. 5. She has lived there since 8 years. 6. Has he been a teacher for 1990? 7. I lived here since 3 months ago. 8. ---Have you finished the work yet? ---Yes, I did. 9. Jim’s brothers has made many kinds of kites. 10. He has taked the books away.

用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.Thanks a lot. It’s sunny again. It _______________(rain) for a long time. 2. _____________Mr. Li _______________(live) here since 8 years old? 3. Since Mr. Li came here, he _______________(teach) in this school. 4. It’s the third time that I _______________(see) him this month.

5. ---Is your mother at home? ---No, she _______________(go) to work.

6. Her mother ________(become)a doctor in 1970. She _______(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.

7. He _______________(teach) English here since we _______________(see) him 5 years ago.

8. How many times _______________you _______________(be) to Beijing? Only once. I _______________(go) there two years ago.

9. I’ve lost my cat. _______________you ever _______________(see) it anywhere? 10. My parents are not at home. They _______________(leave) for Shanghai. 11. Wait here, please. The train _______________(not arrive) yet.

12. ---Where is my dictionary? ---Li Ping _______________(take) it away. 13. I _______________(lose) my pen, and I _______________(look)for it now. 14. I _______________(not see) such a strange thing before.

15. He joined the Party in 1990. He _______________(be) a party member for 10 years. 16. ---How long ______________Uncle Wang ______________(work) in this factory? ---Since 1995.

17. So far the children _______________(learn) 1,000 English words.

18. ---__________you __________(mend) your bike? ---Yes. I mended it a moment ago. 19. I’ll tell him the news that our class _______________(win) already. 20. She _______________(stay) here for over 5 years.

21. The box is empty. Who _______________(eat) all the cakes?

22. He has found his bike .When _______________he _______________(find) it?

23. Her sister _______________ (go) to Shanghai. She _______________ (leave) this morning.

24. My friend Wang Hai often _______________ (swim) in the river. 25. The teacher _______________ (reach) Beijing two days ago.