Part I. Structure and Vocabulary (20 points) Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that
best completes the sentence and write your answer on the answer sheet. 1. _____ at the meeting that everyone present was convinced. A. So forcefully he speak B. So forcefully was he spoken C. So forcefully did he speak
D. So forcefully has he spoken
2. Helen probably _____ her rapid recovery, to her husband‟s devoted care. A. was owing B. owned C. owed
D. was owning
3. The young girl was chosen to ______ our school for a diving competition in Asia. A. represent B. recall C. respect D. resemble
4. Our society _____ on “making it” that we assume that any failure is bad. A. takes so much emphasis B. gets so much emphasis C. stresses so much emphasis D. places so much emphasis
5. The couple can _____ on their income at the moment, but they‟ll need more money when their son goes to school. A. get off B. get by C. get back
D. get about
6. The ozone layer ______ the earth from harmful radiation. A. shades B. shields C. shadows
D. shapes
7. The boy took an apple and ______ it into quarters. A. divided B. decided C. decreased D. distributed
8. Having worked for five years, she is extremely well ______ for the job. A. superior B. satisfied C. qualified D. abundant
9. She rang up to _____ when her car would be ready. A. inquire B. require C. acquire
D. expire
10. Barbara ______ a job-training program in the city to learn computer operation.
A. signed to
B. applied to C. signed up for D. made for
11. When she was in danger, she screamed and some passers-by came to her _____.
A. safe
B. way C. mind
D. rescue
12. It is urgent that the police ______ informed about those strange phone calls.
A. will be
B. are
C. have to be
D. be
13. ______ criticizing Alice for what she has done, the teacher praised her highly for it.
A. Thanks to B. Instead of
C. Owing to D. In spite of
14. Usually excellent work leads to frequent pay increase and _____.
A. progress
B. advance C. promotion D. lift
15. Attempts to swim across the English Channel have been made by over 3,700 people, but _____ have succeeded.
A. of whom only 298
B. of them only 298 C. only 298 of them
D. only 298 of whom
16. You should save your work often as a _____ against computer failure.
A. precaution B. preparation
C. presentation
D. prescription
17. The boy _____ to be the descendant of the rich businessman.
A. clapped B. claimed
C. decided D. demanded
18. Reform is rather difficult, for it will face the _____ between tradition and innovation.
A. tissue
B. matter C. solution D. conflict
19. Seeing the children in the park _____ thoughts of her own sons on the other side of the Atlantic.
A. arose
B. prompted C. encouraged
D. brought
20. They _____ bravely against repeated enemy bombing.
A. held down
B. held on C. held up D. held out
Part II. Cloze Test (15points)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
best one and write your answer on the answer sheet. Silas Minton‟s funeral was a quiet affair. It was attended by the only relations he had in the world, his niece and nephew, and by a few friends. The priest who 1 over a hundred miles into this wild part of the county was now getting 2 for the simple ceremony. Minton, 3 „Minty‟ as his friends used to call him, 4 a hard life 5 for gold in a lonely part of Western Australia. He had always refused to work in a gold mine 6 he believed that he could do better 7 his own. Although he was not a boastful(夸口的)person, he had often declared that one day he 8 find a lump(块) of gold as big as his head and 9 he would retire and live in 10 for the rest of his life. But his dreams of great wealth 11 came true. For many years he had hardly earned enough money to keep himself 12 .
Two men now gently lifted the rough wooden box that 13 Minty‟s body, but they almost dropped it when they heard a loud cry from the grave-digger. His spade(铁鍬)had struck something hard in the rocky soil and he was shouting excitedly. Then he held up a large stone. 14 it was covered 15 dirt, the stone shone curiously in the fierce sun1ight: it was unmistakably a heavy piece of solid gold! 1. A. travelled B. was travelling C. had travelled D. used to travel 2. A. ready B. better C. preparation D. worse 3. A. and B. but C. or D. except 4. A. leaded B. had leaded C. had led D. led 5. A. look B. looking C. looked D. had looked 6. A. because B. so C. even D. only 7. A. to B. in C. on D. for
8. A. would B. must C. ought to D. for 9. A. since B. which C. when D. with that 10. A. comfort
B. comforts C. comfortable D. comfortably 11. A. ever
B. never C. always D. once 12. A. live
B. life C. lived D. alive 13. A. contains
B. containing C. contained D. having contained 14. A. Though
B. For
C. Then D. Because 15. A. in
B. with
C. within D. below
Part III. Reading Comprehension (50 points) Section A
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked
A, B, C, and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
Questions 1 through 5 are based on the following passage.
Television can help us see the pattern of American life and understand the events that unite or divide us.
Consider an example of the deaths of the political leaders, including John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr and Robert Kennedy. These deaths caused a profound unification of the whole nation. Therefore the whole nation shared the experience of grief and shame. Television let us intensely and dramatically participate in these historical events. Through it we are joined with other people for a few electric moments.
But television can also divide us from each other. The dividing has occurred in confrontations between young and old, radicals and conservatives, police and students, blacks and whites, and hawks and doves. These confrontations have dramatized the feeling beneath the surface of society. They have shown Americans in conflicts which stem from our policy in southeast Asia and range to the busing of school children. Such events have provided an opportunity for bigots (抱偏见的人), who promote stereotyped thinking. And these confrontations have infected our social and emotional wounds.
So television does more than transmit movies, weather, sports and variety shows. It helps shape our feelings toward each other and ourselves, and some time unites us, and sometimes divides us. 1. Television can help us take part in _____. A. Electric moments. B. Historical events C. Emotional wounds
D. Stereotyped thinking
2. Television can also make worse _____. A. the social contradiction B. the surface of society
C. conservative thinking D. grief and shame
3. The confrontations are only welcomed by those who are _____. A. infected by the social wounds
B. going to shape their feeling toward themselves C. obstinately devoted to their own belief D. providing the opportunity for thinking 4. Which of the following statements is true? A. Some political leaders were once bigots.
B. Television sometimes transmits more movies than historical events. C. Confrontations are the sigh of division. D. Television often provides stereotyped thinking. 5. A suitable title for this passage would be _____. A. Social Unity and Division B. Television‟s Conflicts
C. Unification and Confrontations D. Television‟s Social Influence
Questions 6 through 10 are based on the following passage.
Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist (慈善家), make a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff (关税). In 1873, on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel. He built the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Mills near Pittsburgh, and from that moment on, the Carnegie empire was one of constant expansion. Later on, the Caregie Steel Co. became an immense organization. It included all the processes of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finished products.
Like his grandfather, Andrew Caregie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class and the poor people. In spite of his espousal (拥护) Herber Spencer‟s philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Caregie remained deeply committed to many of the Charitist ideals of his boyhood. He believed in the social responsibility that fortune to provide greater opportunity for all and to increase man‟s knowledge of himself and of his universe. Furthermore, Carnegie considers that the dispensation (分配) of wealth for the benefit of society must never be in the form of free charity but rather must be as a buttress (支柱) to the community‟s responsibility for its own people.
When Carnegie died in 1919, most of his fortune was already gone. People wonder that if Caregie had known this when he was alive, he would have spread most of wealth to the poor people. 6. Carnegie was able to develop his vast industrial fortunes _____. A. Because he was both an industrialist and a philanthropist
B. Because he obtained large loans from the American government for his steel mills
C. Because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry D. Because he had relatives in the English steel industry 7. Caregie followed his ancestor‟s footsteps by _____.
A. Developing a large industrial company
B. Caring for and improving benefits for the workers and the poor C. Furthering Spencer‟s philosophy D. Being a follower of social Darwinism
8. The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was _____. A. the manufacturing of steel B. the transporting of the finished product C. the movement of raw materials D. the lumber business
9. Carnegie‟s trips to England _____.
A. Were purely for pleasure and visiting relatives
B. Introduced him to the Charitist ideals which would influence his life C. Helped him gain steel contracts with the British industrialists
D. Led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel
10. We can infer from the passage that as a philanthropist Carnegie was willing to give money to all of the following
except ______. A. a school B. poor man C. a hospital
D. a charity performance
Questions 11 through 15 are based on the following passage.
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research findings of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result we are aging unnecessarily soon. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age and how the process of aging could be slowed down. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.
Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain exact measurement of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which are related to thinking and emotion contraction of these parts as cells die off. That was observed in some people in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty-year-olds who mainly used brains in their profession.
11. The new findings show that people get old also because _____.
A. they do not use their brains enough
B. they do not have enough exercises
C. they do not have their health checked regularly D. they do not have the right choice of food 12. The team of doctors wanted to find out _____.
A. why certain people are aging sooner than others
B. how to make people live longer C. the size of certain people‟s brains D. which people are most intelligent
13. On what are their research findings based?
A. A survey of farmers in northern Japan. B. Tests performed on a thousand old people. C. The study of brain volumes of different people. D. The latest development of computer technology. 14. The researcher‟s tests show that _____.
A. our brains contract as we grow older
B. sixty-year-old have better brains than thirty-year-old
C. the front and side sections do not contract
D. some people‟s brains have contracted more than other people‟s
15. According to the passage, which group of people seems to age more slowly?
A. Farmers. B. Lawyers. C. Laborers. D. Shop assistants.
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Current income for most consumers is their wages or salaries. This income is used to pay regular and day-to-day expenses such as rent, food, movies, gasoline, newspapers, haircuts, and so on. But suppose a person is faced with an unexpected expense too big to be paid out of current income, it may be an illness or costly household repairs. In Frank and Sandy Dexter‟s case, the roof on their house had to be replaced. They did not have enough savings to cover the cost, so they borrowed the money needed. They then repaid the loan with small and regular payment out of their future income. By using credit, they avoided what might have been a serious hardship.
Credit also enables consumers to buy goods and services when they need them most. For example, when does a married couple most need a house? While their children are young and living at home. It would take most couples many years to save enough money to pay cash for a house. By then, their children would be grown, and the house would not be needed so much. In the meanwhile, they would have to continue paying rent out of current income. By using credit, a couple can buy a house and live in it while they pay for it. The money they would otherwise spend for rent could go to the payment.
What is true of houses is true of many goods that consumers buy today, such as appliances, automobiles, and furniture. By using credit, consumers can „buy now and pay later‟ as the ads say. They have the use of the goods while for them. Today many high school graduates are using credit to pay for additional education. They will pay off their loan with money earned in the future from full-time jobs. 16. By using credit, people can _____.
A. pay regular and day-to-day expenses B. avoid unnecessary payment
C. save money to cover future cost
D. pay an unexpected expense too big to be paid at the moment 17. A married couple most needs a house _____.
A. after they have spent years saving enough money to buy it in cash B. when their children have grown up
C. when their children are still young and living at home
D. when they can rent it out of current income
18. “The money they would otherwise spend for rent could go to the payment” means _____.
A. they would rent the house B. they had bought the house
C. they would not pay for the house D. they could buy the house otherwise
19. With regard to credit, what do house have in common with good that consumers buy today?
A. Both can be bought on credit.
B. Neither can be used until the loan has been paid. C. Both must be paid as soon as they are bought. D. Both should be paid in cash.
20. What‟s true of high school graduates today?
A. They can‟t get additional education without money. B. They can get additional education without payment.
C. They can have additional education when they have full-time jobs. D. They can have additional education now and pay for it later.
Section B
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and fill in each blank with the most appropriate sentence given
according to the passage.
From good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life 1 Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.
With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely 2 . In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold dear or because they represent unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the pages we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings 3 .
One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. 4 To travel by book we need no bank account to pay for our way; no airship or ocean liner or streamlined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart‟s desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. 5 The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read. A. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking.
B. whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends.
C. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can.
D. when human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. E. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. F. We forgot our surroundings and even our identity because we are alone and no one interrupts us.
Part IV. English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
In the United States, advertising itself is a big business. 1. Millions of dollars are spent on television, radio and printed messages to prospective consumers. Advertising firms do “market research” for their clients, testing our various “pitches” in the quest for ones that are effective.
From the viewpoint of American consumers, advertising functions to inform them about available products and services, as well as to encourage them to buy 2. From the viewpoint of visitors from abroad, though, advertising serves as additional function, and it affords countless insights into American values, tastes and standards. From American advertising, foreign visitors can gain some understanding of these and other aspects of American society: American ideas about physical attractiveness in males and females, American ideas about hygiene, the emphasis Americans place on sex, speed and technical sophistication, the amount of faith Americans in arguments that include specific numbers, materialism in American society, male-female relationships, both pre-and post-marital, the attention Americans pay to the words of celebrities, the characteristics of people who, in Americans‟ eyes, are considered “authorities”, whose ideas and recommendations are persuasive, and the sorts of things Americans find humorous.
3. By Comparing advertising they see in the States to what they have seen at home, foreign visitors can gain understanding not just of American society, but of their own as well. Pricing
With few exceptions, Americans are accustomed to fixed prices on merchandise they buy and sell. The usual exceptions are houses, automobiles, and sometimes major appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines.
Another exception is a private sale. Americans are not accustomed to bargaining over prices, and in fact usually feel quite uncomfortable with the idea.
4. Foreign visitors must realize that the price marked on an item does not include the sales tax that is added as part of the payment. Americans do not believe, as people from many cultures do, that a commercial transaction includes particular attention to the human relationships involved. They look for the item they want, decide whether they can afford the price marked on it, and, if they want to buy it, find a clerk or salesperson to take the money or do the paper work for a credit-card purchase.
5. People who try to bargain for a lower price in a shop or store are likely to be considered either quite odd or startlingly aggressive.
2005年西安外国语大学211英语二外考研真题及详解
Part I. Structure and Vocabulary (20 points) Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that
best completes the sentence and write your answer on the answer sheet. 1. _____ at the meeting that everyone present was convinced. A. So forcefully he speak B. So forcefully was he spoken C. So forcefully did he speak
D. So forcefully has he spoken 【答案】C
【解析】句意：他在会上的言辞很有力量以至于每个人都被说服了。so…that…如此„„以致于„„。当so置于
句首时，主句采用部分倒装，谓语助动词提前，主句和从句的时态保持一致，使用一般过去时。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
2. Helen probably _____ her rapid recovery, to her husband‟s devoted care. A. was owing B. owned
C. owed
D. was owning 【答案】C
【解析】句意：海伦可能将她的快速恢复归功于她丈夫的悉心照顾。owe to归功于。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
3. The young girl was chosen to ______ our school for a diving competition in Asia. A. represent B. recall C. respect D. resemble 【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们学校选择这个年轻女孩作为代表参加亚洲的跳水比赛。represent代表。recall回忆，记起。
respect尊重。resemble类似，像。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
4. Our society _____ on “making it” that we assume that any failure is bad. A. takes so much emphasis B. gets so much emphasis C. stresses so much emphasis D. places so much emphasis 【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们的社会十分重视“做成”，并认为失败都是不好的。place emphasis on sth强调某事，认为某
事很重要。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
5. The couple can _____ on their income at the moment, but they‟ll need more money when their son goes to school. A. get off B. get by C. get back D. get about 【答案】B
【解析】句意：目前，这对夫妇靠其收入还过得去，但是当他们的孩子上学后，就会需要更多的钱。get by过得
去，过活。get off脱下，下车。get back恢复，回来。get about传播，散开。因此，本题的正确答案为
B。
6. The ozone layer ______ the earth from harmful radiation. A. shades B. shields C. shadows D. shapes 【答案】B
【解析】句意：臭氧层保护地球免收太阳辐射。shield遮蔽，防御，保卫。shade使„„阴暗，遮蔽。shadow使
朦胧，遮蔽。shape塑造。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
7. The boy took an apple and ______ it into quarters. A. divided B. decided C. decreased
D. distributed 【答案】A
【解析】句意：男孩拿了一个苹果，把它分成了四块。divide…into…把„„分成„„。decide决定。decrease下
降，减少。distribute分开，分散，通常用被动语态，即物作主语。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
8. Having worked for five years, she is extremely well ______ for the job. A. superior B. satisfied C. qualified D. abundant 【答案】C
【解析】句意：工作了五年以后，她已经足够能胜任这份工作了。qualified合格的，有资格的。superior上级的，
优秀的，高傲的。satisfied满意的。abundant丰富的，充裕的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
9. She rang up to _____ when her car would be ready. A. inquire B. require C. acquire D. expire 【答案】A
【解析】句意：她打电话来询问她的车什么时候准备好。inquire询问。require要求。acquire获得。expire到期。
因此，本题的正确答案为A。
10. Barbara ______ a job-training program in the city to learn computer operation.
A. signed to B. applied to C. signed up for D. made for 【答案】C
【解析】句意：芭芭拉报名参加了城市的一个就业培训项目，学习计算机操作。signed to签约。applied to应用
于，适用于。signed up for注册，报名参加，选课。made for…完全为了„„。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
11. When she was in danger, she screamed and some passers-by came to her _____.
A. safe
B. way C. mind D. rescue 【答案】D
【解析】句意：当她处于危险之中时，她尖叫起来，一些过路人前来救她。come to one‟s rescue救助某人，救援
某人。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
12. It is urgent that the police ______ informed about those strange phone calls.
A. will be B. are
C. have to be D. be 【答案】D
【解析】句意：将这些奇怪的来电告知是很紧急的。It is urgent that…句型中，should+动词原形，should可
以省略。因为police和inform是被动关系，所以用被动语态。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
13. ______ criticizing Alice for what she has done, the teacher praised her highly for it.
A. Thanks to B. Instead of
C. Owing to D. In spite of 【答案】B
【解析】句意：老师没有批评Alice所做的，而是高度表扬了她。instead of…而不是。thanks to多亏。owing to
归功于。in spite of尽管，不管。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
14. Usually excellent work leads to frequent pay increase and _____.
A. progress B. advance
C. promotion D. lift 【答案】C
【解析】句意：通常，出色的工作表现会带来加薪和升职。promotion晋升。progress进步，进展。advance前进，
进步。lift举起，提升。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
15. Attempts to swim across the English Channel have been made by over 3,700 people, but _____ have succeeded. A. of whom only 298 B. of them only 298 C. only 298 of them D. only 298 of whom 【答案】A
【解析】句意：尝试游过英吉利海峡的人有3,700多人，但只有298人成功了。whom指代3,700 people，用于非
限定性定语从句，置于先行词之后。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
16. You should save your work often as a _____ against computer failure.
A. precaution B. preparation
C. presentation D. prescription 【答案】A
【解析】句意：您应该经常保存自己的作品，以防电脑突然出问题。precaution预防，警惕。preparation准备。
presentation展示。prescription药方，指示，惯例。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
17. The boy _____ to be the descendant of the rich businessman.
A. clapped B. claimed C. decided D. demanded 【答案】B
【解析】句意：男孩声称是富商的后代。claim声称，声明。clap鼓掌，拍手。decide决定。demand要求，需求。
因此，本题的正确答案为B。
18. Reform is rather difficult, for it will face the _____ between tradition and innovation.
A. tissue
B. matter C. solution
D. conflict 【答案】D
【解析】句意：改革是非常苦难的，因为它会面临传统和创新的矛盾。conflict矛盾，冲突。tissue组织，纸巾。
matter问题。solution解决办法。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
19. Seeing the children in the park _____ thoughts of her own sons on the other side of the Atlantic.
A. arose B. prompted C. encouraged D. brought 【答案】B
【解析】句意：在公园看到的那个孩子引起了他对自己儿子的思念。prompt激起。arose出现，引发。encourage
鼓励。brought原形bring，意为“带来”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
20. They _____ bravely against repeated enemy bombing. A. held down B. held on C. held up D. held out 【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们勇敢地抵制敌人的反复轰炸。hold out坚持，抵制，继续，扣留。hold down抑制，压制。hold
on抓住，稍等。hold up举起，阻挡，拦截。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
Part II. Cloze Test (15points)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
best one and write your answer on the answer sheet. Silas Minton‟s funeral was a quiet affair. It was attended by the only relations he had in the world, his niece and nephew, and by a few friends. The priest who 1 over a hundred miles into this wild part of the county was now getting 2 for the simple ceremony. Minton, 3 „Minty‟ as his friends used to call him, 4 a hard life 5 for gold in a lonely part of Western Australia. He had always refused to work in a gold mine 6 he believed that he could do better 7 his own. Although he was not a boastful(夸口的)person, he had often declared that one day he 8 find a lump(块) of gold as big as his head and 9 he would retire and live in 10 for the rest of his life. But his dreams of great wealth 11 came true. For many years he had hardly earned enough money to keep himself 12 .
Two men now gently lifted the rough wooden box that 13 Minty‟s body, but they almost dropped it when they
heard a loud cry from the grave-digger. His spade(铁鍬)had struck something hard in the rocky soil and he was shouting excitedly. Then he held up a large stone. 14 it was covered 15 dirt, the stone shone curiously in the fierce sun1ight: it was unmistakably a heavy piece of solid gold! 1. A. travelled B. was travelling C. had travelled D. used to travel 2. A. ready B. better
C. preparation D. worse 3. A. and B. but C. or D. except 4. A. leaded B. had leaded C. had led D. led 5. A. look B. looking C. looked D. had looked 6. A. because B. so C. even D. only 7. A. to B. in C. on D. for 8. A. would B. must C. ought to D. for 9. A. since B. which C. when D. with that 10. A. comfort
B. comforts
C. comfortable D. comfortably 11. A. ever
B. never C. always D. once 12. A. live
B. life C. lived
D. alive 13. A. contains
B. containing
C. contained D. having contained 14. A. Though
B. For C. Then D. Because 15. A. in B. with C. within D. below 【答案与解析】
1. C 根据上文可知“Silas Minton的葬礼非常安静，除了世界上唯一的亲侄子侄女和一些朋友来参加以外，牧师也不远万里地赶来了”。travel动作发生在attend之前，而attend在文中的形式是attended，所以travel应该用过去完成时，即had traveled。故选C。
2. A 根据原文可知“牧师已经为这个简单的葬礼做好了准备”，get ready for…为„„做好准备。故选A。 3. C 根据原文可知“他的朋友通常叫他Minton或者是Minty”。or表示选择。故选C。 4. C 根据原文可知“Minton度过了艰难的一生”。lead a…life过着„„的生活。文章描述Minton的葬礼使用的
是过去时，相应地Minton的生活属于过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故选C。 5. B 根据上下文可知“Minton一生都在澳大利亚西部一个孤寂的地方寻找黄金”。looking for为现在分词作后置
定语，修饰life。故选B。 6. A 根据原文可知“Minton拒绝在金矿队工作，因为他认为自己会做得更好”。故选A。
7. C on one‟s own靠某人自己。故选C。
8. A 根据原文可知“尽管他不是一个爱吹牛的人，但是他经常说总有一天，他会找到像脑袋那么大的金子”。would将会，表示一种愿望。must必须。ought to应该。故选A。
9. D 根据原文可知“Minton如果找到了金子，就会退休，带着脑袋般大的黄金，就可以舒适地度过一生了”。
that指代上文的a lump of gold as big as his head，with…带有„„。故选D。 10. A live in comfort固定搭配，意为“生活舒适”。故选A。
11. A 根据原文可知“但是，他发大财的梦想从来没有实现”。故选A。 12. D 根据原文可知“多年来，他几乎没有足够的收入来维持生计”。keep alive维持生计。故选D。 13. C 根据原文可知“两个人将含有Minton身体的粗糙的木头箱子抬起来”。that指代rough wooden box与contain
是主动关系。故选C。 14. A 根据上下文可知“尽管大石头上面满是泥土，但在强烈的太阳光下，人们发现这是一块实实在在的黄金”。故选A。
15. B be covered with…被„„覆盖。故选B。
Part III. Reading Comprehension (50 points)
Section A
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked
A, B, C, and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
Questions 1 through 5 are based on the following passage.
Television can help us see the pattern of American life and understand the events that unite or divide us.
Consider an example of the deaths of the political leaders, including John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert Kennedy. These deaths caused a profound unification of the whole nation. Therefore the whole nation shared the experience of grief and shame. Television let us intensely and dramatically participates in these historical events. Through it we are joined with other people for a few electric moments.
But television can also divide us from each other. The dividing has occurred in confrontations between young and
old, radicals and conservatives, police and students, blacks and whites, and hawks and doves. These confrontations have dramatized the feeling beneath the surface of society. They have shown Americans in conflicts which stem from our policy in Southeast Asia and range to the busing of school children. Such events have provided an opportunity for bigots (抱偏见的人), who promote stereotyped thinking. And these confrontations have infected our social and emotional wounds.
So television does more than transmit movies, weather, sports and variety shows. It helps shape our feelings toward each other and ourselves, and some time unites us, and sometimes divides us. 1. Television can help us take part in _____. A. Electric moments. B. Historical events
C. Emotional wounds D. Stereotyped thinking
2. Television can also make worse _____. A. the social contradiction B. the surface of society
C. conservative thinking D. grief and shame
3. The confrontations are only welcomed by those who are _____. A. infected by the social wounds B. going to shape their feeling toward themselves C. obstinately devoted to their own belief D. providing the opportunity for thinking 4. Which of the following statements is true? A. Some political leaders were once bigots.
B. Television sometimes transmits more movies than historical events. C. Confrontations are the sigh of division. D. Television often provides stereotyped thinking. 5. A suitable title for this passage would be _____. A. Social Unity and Division B. Television‟s Conflicts
C. Unification and Confrontations D. Television‟s Social Influence 【答案与解析】
1. B 文章第二段提到了“Television let us intensely and dramatically participate in these historical events”，由此可知
电视促进了人们更强烈地参与历史事件。故选B。
2. A 根据文章第三段提到的“But television can also divide us from each other. The dividing has occurred in
confrontations…These confrontations have dramatized…”，可知电视也激化了人们之间的矛盾，刺激了国家、不同群体之间的。故选A。
3. C 文章倒数第二段提到了“Such events have provided an opportunity for bigots, who promote stereotyped
thinking”，即产生矛盾和分歧的事件为偏执狂提供了机会，因为他们提倡刻板的思维方式，由此可知矛盾分歧只会被倾向于刻板思维的人们所欢迎。故选C。
4. C 根据文章倒数第二段提到的“But television can also divide us from each other. The dividing has occurred in
confrontations”，由此可知电视也会造成人们的，产生于矛盾。故选C。 5. D 文章以总分总的结构进行论述，根据第一段和最后一段可知文章的主要内容是介绍电视的社会影响。故选
D。
Questions 6 through 10 are based on the following passage.
Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist (慈善家), make a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff (关税). In 1873, on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel. He built the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Mills near Pittsburgh, and
from that moment on, the Carnegie empire was one of constant expansion. Later on, the Carnegie Steel Co. became an immense organization. It included all the processes of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finished products.
Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class and the poor people. In spite of his espousal (拥护), Herber Spencer‟s philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Charitist ideals of his boyhood. He believed in the social responsibility that fortune to provide greater opportunity for all and to increase man‟s knowledge of himself and of his universe. Furthermore, Carnegie considers that the dispensation (分配) of wealth for the benefit of society must never be in the form of free charity but rather must be as a buttress (支柱) to the community‟s responsibility for its own people.
When Carnegie died in 1919, most of his fortune was already gone. People wonder that if Carnegie had known this when he was alive, he would have spread most of wealth to the poor people. 6. Carnegie was able to develop his vast industrial fortunes _____.
A. Because he was both an industrialist and a philanthropist
B. Because he obtained large loans from the American government for his steel mills
C. Because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry D. Because he had relatives in the English steel industry 7. Carnegie followed his ancestor‟s footsteps by _____. A. Developing a large industrial company B. Caring for and improving benefits for the workers and the poor C. Furthering Spencer‟s philosophy
D. Being a follower of social Darwinism
8. The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was _____. A. the manufacturing of steel
B. the transporting of the finished product C. the movement of raw materials D. the lumber business
9. Carnegie‟s trips to England _____.
A. Were purely for pleasure and visiting relatives
B. Introduced him to the Charitist ideals which would influence his life
C. Helped him gain steel contracts with the British industrialists D. Led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel
10. We can infer from the passage that as a philanthropist Carnegie was willing to give money to all of the following
except ______.
A. a school
B. poor man C. a hospital
D. a charity performance 【答案与解析】
6. C 文章第一段提到了“Andrew Carnegie…make a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom
tariff”，由此可知Andrew Carnegie从钢铁制造中获得巨大利润，因为钢铁受国家关税保护。故选C。 7. B 根据文章第二段提到的“Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class and the poor people”，可知Andrew Carnegie没有放弃祖辈的理想
——维护工人阶级和穷人的利益。故选B。
8. D 根据文章第一段提到的“It included all the processes of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing
mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finished products”，可知Andrew Carnegie涉足的工业领域包括钢铁生产的全过程，从大熔炉，到匹兹堡的精炼厂，再到运输矿石和成品的蒸汽船，并没有涉及lumber business。故选D。
9. D 文章第一段第二句提到了“on one of his frequent trips to England…became convinced that the industrial future
lay in steel”，由此可知英国之旅使他坚信钢铁是工业发展的未来。故选D。
10. B 根据文章倒数第二段提到的“Carnegie considers that the dispensation of wealth for the benefit of society must
never be in the form of free charity…”，由此可知Carnegie认为有益于社会的财富分配永远以免费慈善机构的形式进行，而是作为社区的支柱，对社区的人民负责。故选B。
Questions 11 through 15 are based on the following passage.
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research findings of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result we are aging unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age and how the process of aging could be slowed down. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.
Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain exact measurement of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which are related to thinking and emotion contraction of these parts as cells die off. That was observed in some people in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty-year-olds who mainly used brains in their profession.
11. The new findings show that people get old also because _____.
A. they do not use their brains enough B. they do not have enough exercises
C. they do not have their health checked regularly D. they do not have the right choice of food 12. The team of doctors wanted to find out _____.
A. why certain people are aging sooner than others B. how to make people live longer C. the size of certain people‟s brains D. which people are most intelligent
13. On what are their research findings based?
A. A survey of farmers in northern Japan. B. Tests performed on a thousand old people. C. The study of brain volumes of different people. D. The latest development of computer technology. 14. The researcher‟s tests show that _____.
A. our brains contract as we grow older
B. sixty-year-old have better brains than thirty-year-old C. the front and side sections do not contract
D. some people‟s brains have contracted more than other people‟s
15. According to the passage, which group of people seems to age more slowly?
A. Farmers. B. Lawyers. C. Laborers. D. Shop assistants. 【答案与解析】
11. A 根据文章第一段提到的“who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result we are
aging unnecessarily soon”，可知日本的研究表明如果不进行足够的脑力活动的话，人们会加快衰老。故选
A。
12. A 文章第二段提到了“Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern
Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age and how the process of aging could be slowed down”，由此可知日本教授想要了解为什么日本北部的健康农夫会在相对较小的年纪丧失思辨的能力，如何才能减缓这种衰老的过程。故选A。
13. C 根据文章第二段第二句“he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and
varying occupations”，可知研究是基于对不同年龄、不同职业的上千人脑容量的测量。故选C。
14. D 根据文章最后一段提到的“…which are related to thinking and emotion contraction of these parts as cells die
off…”，可知随着一些细胞的死亡，与思维、情感有联系的大脑部分会萎缩，这种萎缩会发生在一些年仅30左右的人身上，但是对于那些从事脑力工作的人来说，即使上了60岁，大脑也不会出现明显的萎缩。故选D。
15. B 根据原文可知从事脑力活动的人群会以较慢的速度衰老。farmers，laborers和shop assistant都从事较多的
体力劳动，而lawyer主要以脑力劳动为主。故选B。
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Current income for most consumers is their wages or salaries. This income is used to pay regular and day-to-day expenses such as rent, food, movies, gasoline, newspapers, haircuts, and so on. But suppose a person is faced with an unexpected expense too big to be paid out of current income, it may be an illness or costly household repairs. In Frank and Sandy Dexter‟s case, the roof on their house had to be replaced. They did not have enough savings to cover the cost, so they borrowed the money needed. They then repaid the loan with small and regular payment out of their future income. By using credit, they avoided what might have been a serious hardship.
Credit also enables consumers to buy goods and services when they need them most. For example, when does a married couple most need a house? While their children are young and living at home. It would take most couples many years to save enough money to pay cash for a house. By then, their children would be grown, and the house would not be needed so much. In the meanwhile, they would have to continue paying rent out of current income. By using credit, a couple can buy a house and live in it while they pay for it. The money they would otherwise spend for rent could go to the payment.
What is true of houses is true of many goods that consumers buy today, such as appliances, automobiles, and furniture. By using credit, consumers can „buy now and pay later‟ as the ads say. They have the use of the goods while for them. Today many high school graduates are using credit to pay for additional education. They will pay off their loan with money earned in the future from full-time jobs. 16. By using credit, people can _____.
A. pay regular and day-to-day expenses
B. avoid unnecessary payment C. save money to cover future cost
D. pay an unexpected expense too big to be paid at the moment 17. A married couple most needs a house _____.
A. after they have spent years saving enough money to buy it in cash B. when their children have grown up
C. when their children are still young and living at home D. when they can rent it out of current income
18. “The money they would otherwise spend for rent could go to the payment” means _____.
A. they would rent the house B. they had bought the house
C. they would not pay for the house D. they could buy the house otherwise
19. With regard to credit, what do house have in common with good that consumers buy today?
A. Both can be bought on credit.
B. Neither can be used until the loan has been paid. C. Both must be paid as soon as they are bought. D. Both should be paid in cash.
20. What‟s true of high school graduates today?
A. They can‟t get additional education without money.
B. They can get additional education without payment.
C. They can have additional education when they have full-time jobs. D. They can have additional education now and pay for it later. 【答案与解析】
16. D 文章第一段提到了“…But suppose a person is faced with an unexpected expense too big to be paid out of
current income…”，由此可知人们日常收入可以满足日常开销，但是当生活中遇到意外事故而需要大笔资金的时候，人们可以使用信贷的方式解决问题。故选D。
17. C 根据文章第二段“when does a married couple most need a house? While their children are young and living at home”，由此可知夫妻最需要房子的时候即孩子还小，住在家里的时候。故选C。
18. D 定位到文章倒数第二段“By using credit, a couple can buy a house and live in it while they pay for it. The
money they would otherwise spend for rent could go to the payment”，由此可知通过使用贷款的方式，夫妻可以买房并居住，这样就不用租房付租金了，而是付款来买房。故选D。
19. A 根据文章最后一段提到的“What is true of houses is true of many goods that consumers buy today…By using
credit, consumers can „buy now and pay later‟”，可知房子和其它商品一样，都可以使用信贷的方式购买。故选A。
20. D 根据文章最后一段提到的“Today many high school graduates are using credit to pay for additional education.
They will pay off their loan with money earned in the future from full-time jobs”，可知高中生可以通过贷款的方式支付学费，从而受教，等到未来有固定工作的时候再还贷。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and fill in each blank with the most appropriate sentence given
according to the passage.
From good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. 1 Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.
With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely 2 . In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold dear or because they represent unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the pages we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings 3 .
One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. 4 To travel by book we need no bank account to pay for our way; no airship or ocean liner or streamlined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart‟s desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. 5 The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read. A. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking.
B. Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions
and friends. C. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off
place, a book will help us when nothing else can. D. When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement. E. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. F. We forgot our surroundings and even our identity because we are alone and no one interrupts us. 【答案与解析】
1. E 根据上文可知“一本好书会让我们忘记周围的环境，忘了我们是谁，读一本好书是人生最大的乐趣”，由
此可知下文会对其进行一定的解释和说明。意为“当我们快乐的时候，它会增加我们的满足感，当我们悲
伤的时候，会减轻我们的烦恼”。故选E。 2. B 根据上下文“With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely…The people we meet in books”，即手里拿着一本好书，我们永远不会感到孤独，我们在书中遇到的人物„„，由此可知此处意在表达“不管书中
的人物是来自真实的生活还是纯粹的虚构，他们都可能成为我们的伙伴和朋友”。故选B。
3. D 根据上文提到的“Our human friends…dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings”即真实生活中的朋友可能会让我们感到厌烦，但是书中的朋友永远不会让我们厌烦，我们可以毫无顾忌地翻页，而不用担
心会伤害他们的感情，由此可知此处意在表达“当生活中的朋友抛弃了我们，书中的朋友会给我们友谊，同情和鼓励”。故选D。
4. C 根据下文提到的“travel by a book we…”，由此可知此处在介绍book和travel之间联系，即无论我们是想摆脱日常生活中枯燥无聊的现实，还是想去遥远的地方，一本书都能帮到我们。故选C。 5. A 根据上下文“…The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited”，可知书可以带我们去各个地
方，体验各种生命和生活，即书籍可以带领我们畅游于全世界。故选A。
Part IV. English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
In the United States, advertising itself is a big business. 1. Millions of dollars are spent on television, radio and printed messages to prospective consumers. Advertising firms do “market research” for their clients, testing our various “pitches” in the quest for ones that are effective.
From the viewpoint of American consumers, advertising functions to inform them about available products and services, as well as to encourage them to buy 2. From the viewpoint of visitors from abroad, though, advertising serves as additional function, and it affords countless insights into American values, tastes and standards. From American advertising, foreign visitors can gain some understanding of these and other aspects of American society: American ideas about physical attractiveness in males and females, American ideas about hygiene, the emphasis Americans place on sex, speed and technical sophistication, the amount of faith Americans in arguments that include specific numbers, materialism in American society, male-female relationships, both pre-and post-marital, the attention Americans pay to the words of celebrities, the characteristics of people who, in Americans‟ eyes, are considered “authorities”, whose ideas and recommendations are persuasive, and the sorts of things Americans find humorous.
3. By Comparing advertising they see in the States to what they have seen at home, foreign visitors can gain understanding not just of American society, but of their own as well.
Pricing
With few exceptions, Americans are accustomed to fixed prices on merchandise they buy and sell. The usual exceptions are houses, automobiles, and sometimes major appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines. Another exception is a private sale. Americans are not accustomed to bargaining over prices, and in fact usually feel quite uncomfortable with the idea.
4. Foreign visitors must realize that the price marked on an item does not include the sales tax that is added as part of the payment.
Americans do not believe, as people from many cultures do, that a commercial transaction includes particular attention to the human relationships involved. They look for the item they want, decide whether they can afford the price marked on it, and, if they want to buy it, find a clerk or salesperson to take the money or do the paper work for a credit-card purchase.
5. People who try to bargain for a lower price in a shop or store are likely to be considered either quite odd or startlingly aggressive. 【答案】
1. 为了吸引潜在的消费者，用于电视，广播和印刷等传播媒介的费用达上百万美元。
2. 在外国游客的眼里，广告虽然履行着一种额外的职能，但是却促进了他们从多方面了解美国人的价值观，品
味以及标准。 3. 通过对国内外的广告进行比较，外国游客不仅能够了解美国社会，也会更加了解自己。 4. 外国游客必须认识到商品的标价并不包括需要额外进行支付的营业税。 5. 那些试图在商店进行讨价还价的人会被认为很古怪，很咄咄逼人。
2006年西安外国语大学211英语二外考研真题
Part I Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that
best complete the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet by blackening the corresponding
letter.
1. In Great Britain, there are newspapers ______ pages are largely filled with news of sports and stories of film stars. A. which B. whose C. that
D. where
2. ______ an ordinary house won‟t go more than thirty years without major repairs, a stone cave can stand hundreds of years. A. Because B. Since
C. While
D. nevertheless
3. The buildings in this part of the city are superior ______ those in other parts of the city. A. than B. to C. over
D. of
4. ______ being jailed, Smith had to pay back all the money he had received from bribes. A. Except for B. Except C. Beside
D. Besides
5. He was accompanied by his faithful friend and secretary, Mr. William Minns, ______. A. without whom he never traveled B. without him he never traveled
C. without who he never traveled D. he never traveled without him
6. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet position. A. before all B. after all
C. over all D. above all
7. You can hardly imagine the volume of materials published annually in the United States. However, quantity is one thing; quality is ______. A. another B. everything C. something D. other thing
8. It‟s no use ______ the computer industry if no attention is paid to the work on software. A. to the developed B. developing C. to developing D. develops
9. Mary found ______ everybody know what had happened. A. it necessary letting
B. necessary to let C. it necessary to let D. necessary letting
10. The audience waited in ______ silence while their aged speaker searched among his notes for the figures he could
not remember. A. respective B. respect C. respectable
D. respectful
11. They are considering ______ before the prices go up.
A. of buying a car B. buying a car
C. with buying a car
D. to buy a car
12. I can ______ some noise while I‟m studying, but I can‟t stand loud noises.
A. come up with B. keep up with C. put up with D. catch up with
13. We ______ our tent set up when it began to rain cats and dogs.
A. just have had
B. just had
C. have just had D. had just had
14. ______ she heard of the man referred to as a specialist.
A. It was from James that
B. That was from James C. It was James whom
D. It was James that
15. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______.
A. follow
B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
16. When a fire ______ at the National Portrait Gallery in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely
destroyed. A. broke off B. broke down C. broke out
D. broke up
17. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A. have been challenged B. are to challenge C. may be challenged D. are challenging
18. Every person in this country has the right to live where he or she wants ______ the color of his skin.
A. with the exception of B. by virtue of C. in the light of D. regardless of
19. Once environmental damage ______, it takes many years for the system to recover.
A. has done B. does C. is to do
D. is done
20. We suggest that the tour leader ______ us immediately of any change in the plan.
A. notifies B. notified C. notify D. will notify
Part II Cloze Test (15 points)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
best one and write your answer on the answer sheet.
Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 1 the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent style of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 2 , or by whom. But it began to be heard in the early 1900s. Jazz is America‟s contribution to 3 music. In contrast to classical music, which 4 formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and flee-form. It bubbles with energy, 5 the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz 6 like American, and as it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music 7 . American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to Southern states 8 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long 9 . When a Negro died his friends and relatives 10 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the 11 . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 12 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their 13 , but the living were glad to be alive. The band played 14 music, improvising (即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 15 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz. 1. A. By B. At C. In D. On
2. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed 3. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light 4. A. forms B. follows C. approaches D. introduces 5. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating 6. A. appeared B. felt C. seemed
D. sounded 7. A. concerned B. itself C. available D. oneself 8. A. for B. as C. with D. by 9. A. months B. weeks C. hours D. times 10. A. demonstrated
B. composed C. hosted D. formed
11. A. demonstration
B. procession
C. body D. march 12. A. Even
B. Therefore
C. Furthermore D. But 13. A. number
B. members C. body D. relations 14. A. sad B. solemn C. happy D. funeral 15. A. whistled
B. sung C. presented D. showed
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Section A (30 points)
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best one. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage:
Washington Irving was America‟s first man of letters to be known internationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in England and in the United States. He was, in fact, one of the most successful writers of his time in either country, delighting a large general public and at the same time winning the admiration of fellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the United States. The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his spirits, his artistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the New. Thackery described Irving as „a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, was most finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refined Europeans.‟ In England he was granted an
honorary degree from Oxford─an unusual honor for a citizen of a young, uncultured nation─and he received the medal of the Royal Society of Literature; America made him ambassador to Spain.
Irving‟s background provides little to explain his literary achievements. A gifted but deliberate child, he had little schooling. He studied law, but without zeal, and never did practice seriously. He was immune to his strict Presbyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings and the theatre.
1. Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving‟s personal qualities on his literary success? A. His personal qualities were entirely responsible for his literary success. B. His personal qualities were primarily responsible for his literary. C. His personal qualities had some effect on his literary success. D. His personal qualities had no effect on his literary success.
2. What is implied by the comment about Scott, Poe, and Hawthorne? A. Irving enjoyed great popular admiration.
B. Scott, Poe, and Hawthorne were primarily responsible for Irving‟s success. C. Irving‟s work was not only popular, but also of high literary quality. D. More Americans than Britons admired Irving. 3. Thackery considered Irving ______.
A. the most refined European of his time. B. One of the most refined Europeans C. Refined, like most Europeans
D. Not inferior to Europeans of the highest refinement 4. What can be said about Irving‟s law career?
A. Irving only began to practice law late in life.
B. It was so successful that he won an ambassadorship. C. He was an expert on commercial law.
D. He spent very little time working as a lawyer.
5. Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving‟s Presbyterian background on his life? A. It fostered his love for the theatre. B. It developed his skill in business. C. It prompted his interest.
D. It had almost no effect on his life.
Questions 6-10 are based on the following passage.
The U.S. generates about four billion tons of solid waste a year. More than 90 percent is composed of agricultural and mining wastes. About 3 percent is from industrial wastes. 250 million tons of garbage and refuse spew from homes, schools, office buildings, stores and hospitals.
This mass of metals, paper, food grass clippers, plastic, rubber and glass which winds up at a landfill or incinerator pit all mixed together seems of no earthly use to anyone.
Or is it? Scattered efforts across the country indicate that new technology, properly applied, might someday turn these millions of tons of refuse into an excellent source of raw materials for new uses.
Several new projects are studying the possibility of treating municipal wastes through pyrolysis─a system of reducing refuse to basic chemicals, liquids and gases which have commercial value. In Florida, a pneumatic tube system provides automatic transport of refuse to a central collection building.
In short, many new ideas are being tested, and many will be needed, since no one method is likely to prove suitable for every community.
However, many tough economic and social questions must be answered before real progress can be made. Can recovered materials compete with new materials? What incentives will be needed to make resource recovery work? Will citizens pay the costs of changing our waste system?
6. The article suggests that garbage and refuses from homes and public places ______. A. make up the largest percentage of solid wastes B. make up a small percentage of solid wastes
C. are not really considered in the solid waste problem D. are considered of no use to the earth 7. The process known as pyrolysis ______. A. recycles scrap from industry B. reduces refuse into basic chemicals C. changes solid waste into a landfill
D. provides refuse for a collection building
8. The problem raised by the author in solid waste disposal and use is ______. A. economic and social B. political and industrial
C. governmental and institutional D. traditional and habitual
9. To make his point, the author uses ______. A. social opinions
B. an emotional appeal
C. propaganda techniques D. factual information
10. This article shows that ______.
A. some communities are trying to solve their waste disposal problem
B. the federal government is indifferent to the problem of waste C. recycled materials won‟t be able to compete with new materials D. citizens will unwillingly pay the costs of changing the waste system
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other. American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
11. The passage is mainly discussing ______.
A. two different societies
B. the necessity of social change
C. certain factors that determines the ease with which social changes occur D. certain factors that promote social change
12. ______ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.
A. Joint interest
B. Advanced technology C. Less emotional people
D. Different points of view
13. The expressions “greater tolerance”(paragraph l) refers to ______.
A. “greater willingness to accept social change”
B. “quicker adaptation to changing circumstances”
C. “more respects for different beliefs and behavior”
D. “greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas”
14. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Social change tends to meet more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.
B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change. C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.
D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.
15. Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because ______.
A. people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change
B. people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty C. people there are easy to please D. people there are less disputatious
Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage.
A new material that combines the temperature and corrosion resistance of ceramics with many of the properties of metals was described at a recent meeting of the American Chemical Society by Development Center at Schenectady, New York. The material is a lightweight composite, consisting of silicon carbide filaments separated by a silicon filler. The silicon carbide─one of the most heat-resistant materials known─provides the composite with its high temperature strength; the silicon filler accounts for the composite‟s toughness and its ability to bend under stress. With likely applications in gas turbines, coal gasifies, and other high temperature machinery, the material can operate at temperature in excess of 1,350─some 200℃ above the limit for components fabricated from most heat-resistant structural metals and alloys.
16. The new material described in this passage is composed of ______.
A. ceramics and metals
B. silicon carbide
C. silicon carbide and silicon
D. metals and alloys
17. Which of the following descriptions of the new material is NOT true?
A. It is not easily broken.
B. It won‟t be worn away by acid.
C. It is easily affected by heat.
D. It won‟t change shape under stress.
18. According to the passage, we can assume that if silicon carbide in the composite is replaced by some other substance
now in use, the composite will probably ______. A. not be able to stand such high temperature
B. not be as tough C. be lighter in weight
D. be more resistant to heat
19. According to the passage, the new material ______.
A. is produced by using temperature machinery such as gas turbines and coal gasifies B. can be melted and used for making machines at a temperature above 1,350℃ C. cannot withstand temperature higher than 1,350℃
D. can be used in making gas turbines and coal gasifies
20. According to the passage, most heat-resistant structural metals and alloys can stand heat up to ______.
A. more than 1,350℃ B. about 200℃
C. about 1,150℃ D. about 1,550℃
Section B (10 points)
Directions: read the following passage carefully and fill in each blank with the most appropriate sentence given
according to the passage. Is there something as truth? For a good many centuries, the search for truth has been considered the noblest activity of the human mind, 1 . In fact, there are many people who feel that we are actually going backward to accumulate our knowledge. They admit, often contemptuously, that we have more “knowledge” than our ancestors, but we think that we are farther from the truth than ever, or, 2 .
If people look for anything long enough without finding it, question naturally arises whether the thing is really there to find. You have seen a picture of an animal with a lion‟s head, a goat s body, and a serpent‟s tail─and 3 . There is plenty of evidence that each part of this animal exists─but there is no reliable evidence that the parts ever occur in this combination. It is at least conceivable that seekers after “truth” have made a similar mistake and invented an imaginary combination.
It is enlightening to consider that the noun “truth” comes from the adjective “true”, and 4 . In both languages the notion of true─accurate, conforming to facts─seems to have developed before the notion of truth. We cannot definitely prove this, since even older words meaning “truth” may have been forgotten, but it seems reasonable. If you want to find out whether a man has told the truth, you compare his words with facts. If they fit, you decide that his statement was true. You may then say either that his words were true or that he spoke the truth─but you cannot simply examine words to find out 5 . Your second statement is merely a grammatical variable of the first. A. maybe an eagle‟s wings for good measure
B. whether there is something called truth in them C. truth has nothing to do with facts
D. but the seekers after math have come to such different conclusions that it often seems that very little progress has been
made E. that the Latin word for truth, veritas, also comes from an adjective, verus F. even that we have lost the truth that we once possessed
Part IV Proof-reading (10 points)
Directions: There is one mistake in each of the following sentences. Correct the mistakes and write your answers on the
answer sheet.
1. Her grandfather would have been deep shocked at the sad news.
2. The more he knows of this important subject, the well-equipped he will be to attain success in his work. 3. Only recently have scientists begin to realize the shocking ruin that boxing causes in the brain.
4. Close by Qurneh lie the mysterious tombs in them the ancient Egyptian rulers were buried with all the grave-goods their religion considered essential for the afterlife.
5. The potato yields more nutritious food, more quickly, on less lands and in worse climates than any major crops as wheat, corn, or rice. 6. It was not until we read the paper through carefully which we understood how important his work was.
7. For more than 80 years, the Graduate School has sought to promote the best environment for advanced study among creative workers, both staff or students.
8. Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully relaxing only among people he knows well.
9. Instead of being a useful member of the community as he used to being, he is now idling away his time gambling. 10. It is a pity that Professor Pearce has failed to make his ideas understand in his class.
Part V English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
Ida Tarbell was one of the first investigative reporters. She and other journalists wrote about the political, economic,
and social wrongs in the early 1900‟s. President Theodore Roosevelt gave these writers the name “muckraker”. Ida Tarbell accepted the title as mark of honor, for she thoroughly researched her subjects and carefully documented her finding (1). After graduating from Allegheny College, Ida Tarbell became head of a private school, where she also taught eight subjects. When her contract expired, she began writing magazine and newspaper articles and books. She wrote biographies of Manon Roland (a leader of the French Revolution). Napoleon Bonaparte, and Abraham Lincoln. Her most famous work, however, was The History of the Standard Oil Company, an expose of the corrupt business practices of the oil industry (2). When she began investigating the Standard Oil Company, she expected that her findings would fill about three articles. The first installment appeared in McClure’s Magazine in November 1902. By the time she had finished her investigation, she had written eighteen installments, the last of which appeared in October 1904 (3). The articles were later combined into a two-volume book of 554 pages.
Her research was thorough and her information accurate. She exposed the company‟s power and the corrupt practices it followed to achieve that power (4). Because of her findings, the movement to end the powerful monopolies was greatly strengthened. In 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States won its case to break the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company (5). 2006年西安外国语大学211英语二外考研真题及详解
Part I Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that
best complete the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet by blackening the corresponding
letter.
1. In Great Britain, there are newspapers ______ pages are largely filled with news of sports and stories of film stars. A. which B. whose C. that
D. where 【答案】B
【解析】whose引导定语从句，先行词为newspapers。
2. ______ an ordinary house won‟t go more than thirty years without major repairs, a stone cave can stand hundreds of years.
A. Because B. Since C. While D. nevertheless 【答案】C
【解析】while然而，连词。because 因为。since自从，既然。nevertheless不过，副词。
3. The buildings in this part of the city are superior ______ those in other parts of the city. A. than B. to
C. over D. of 【答案】B
【解析】be superior to优越于。
4. ______ being jailed, Smith had to pay back all the money he had received from bribes. A. Except for B. Except C. Beside
D. Besides 【答案】D
【解析】besides除„„之外，还有„„（包括其后面的宾语在内，含有“加上”的意思）。except for除6以外（表
示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定）。except除了„„之外（不包括其后面的宾语在内，含有“减
去”的意思）。beside在„„旁边。
5. He was accompanied by his faithful friend and secretary, Mr. William Minns, ______.
A. without whom he never traveled B. without him he never traveled C. without who he never traveled
D. he never traveled without him 【答案】A
【解析】who与whom作关系词引导定语从句时，若关系词前有介词，则只能用whom。
6. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet position.
A. before all B. after all C. over all
D. above all 【答案】D
【解析】above all最重要地。after all毕竟，终究。over all遍及。
7. You can hardly imagine the volume of materials published annually in the United States. However, quantity is one thing; quality is ______. A. another B. everything C. something D. other thing 【答案】A
【解析】句意：数量是一回事，而质量是另一回事。another另外的，另一个。everything每件事物。something
某事，某物。other thing其他的事/物。
8. It‟s no use ______ the computer industry if no attention is paid to the work on software. A. to the developed B. developing C. to developing D. develops 【答案】B
【解析】it‟s no use doing做某事没用（只是白费力气）。
9. Mary found ______ everybody know what had happened. A. it necessary letting B. necessary to let
C. it necessary to let D. necessary letting 【答案】C
【解析】find+ it+形容词to do发现做某事是„„的，其中it为形式宾语。
10. The audience waited in ______ silence while their aged speaker searched among his notes for the figures he could
not remember.
A. respective B. respect C. respectable D. respectful 【答案】D
【解析】respectful恭敬的。respective各自的。respect尊重。respectable有名望的。
11. They are considering ______ before the prices go up.
A. of buying a car B. buying a car C. with buying a car D. to buy a car 【答案】B
【解析】consider doing sth. 考虑做某事。
12. I can ______ some noise while I‟m studying, but I can‟t stand loud noises.
A. come up with B. keep up with C. put up with D. catch up with 【答案】C
【解析】put up with容忍，忍受。come up with提出。keep up with跟上。catch up with赶上。
13. We ______ our tent set up when it began to rain cats and dogs.
A. just have had B. just had
C. have just had D. had just had 【答案】C
【解析】just一般置于助动词与实义动词之间，表示“刚刚，刚才”。 rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨。
14. ______ she heard of the man referred to as a specialist.
A. It was from James that B. That was from James
C. It was James whom D. It was James that 【答案】A
【解析】it is…that强调句。原句为she heard of the man referred to as a specialist from James. 强调from James时，
from不可省略。
15. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______.
A. follow
B. would follow
C. had followed D. have followed 【答案】C
【解析】if only后动词用虚拟语气，若表示对过去的虚拟，谓语形式为had done。
16. When a fire ______ at the National Portrait Gallery in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely
destroyed.
A. broke off B. broke down C. broke out D. broke up 【答案】C
【解析】break out 突发，爆发。break off中断，解除。break down垮掉，崩溃。break up，打碎。
17. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A. have been challenged B. are to challenge C. may be challenged D. are challenging 【答案】A
【解析】句意：虽然牛顿很伟大，但现在很多科学家已对他的很多观点提出质疑并且正在对其做出修正。
18. Every person in this country has the right to live where he or she wants ______ the color of his skin.
A. with the exception of B. by virtue of C. in the light of D. regardless of 【答案】D
【解析】regardless of不管，不顾。with the exception of除了。by virtue of由于。in the light of根据。
19. Once environmental damage ______, it takes many years for the system to recover.
A. has done B. does C. is to do D. is done 【答案】D
【解析】句意：环境损害一旦造成，整个环境系统就得用很多年的时间来恢复。
20. We suggest that the tour leader ______ us immediately of any change in the plan.
A. notifies B. notified
C. notify D. will notify 【答案】C
【解析】suggest表“建议”后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为 should+动词原形。
Part II Cloze Test (15 points)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
best one and write your answer on the answer sheet.
Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 1 the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent style of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 2 , or by whom. But it began to be heard in the early 1900s. Jazz is America‟s contribution to 3 music. In contrast to classical music, which 4 formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, 5 the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz 6 like American, and as it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music 7 . American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to Southern states 8 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long 9 . When a Negro died, his friends and relatives 10 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the 11 . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 12 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their 13 , but the living were glad to be alive. The band played 14 music, improvising (即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 15 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz. 1. A. By B. At C. In D. On 2. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed 3. A. classical B. sacred
C. popular D. light 4. A. forms B. follows C. approaches D. introduces 5. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating 6. A. appeared B. felt C. seemed D. sounded 7. A. concerned B. itself C. available D. oneself 8. A. for B. as C. with D. by 9. A. months B. weeks C. hours D. times 10. A. demonstrated
B. composed C. hosted D. formed 11. A. demonstration
B. procession C. body D. march 12. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But 13. A. number
B. members C. body D. relations 14. A. sad
B. solemn C. happy D. funeral 15. A. whistled
B. sung
C. presented D. showed
【答案与解析】
1. B at the turn of the century表示的是“在本世纪初”这一具体时间。
2. C 句意：没有人知道爵士乐是什么时候发明的，由谁发明的。discover发现。act行动，扮演。design设计。 3. C popular music流行音乐，与classical music (古典音乐) 相对。爵士乐(jazz)是流行音乐的一种，故选C。 4. B 句意：句意为古典音乐遵循正规的欧洲传统。form形成。approach接近，走近。introduce介绍。
5. A express表达；与后面的宾语moods、interests以及emotions相搭配。explain解释，说明。expose揭露，使暴露。illustrate阐明。
6. D 句意：在20世纪20年代，爵士乐听起来象是美国风格。只有sound有“听起来”的意思。其他三个词都无此意。
7. B 句意：音乐的起源和音乐本身一样有趣。故此处应选择反身代词itself。
8. B 句意：他们被作为奴隶带到南部各州。 9. C hours工作时间。句意：黑奴们被卖给南方种植园主们而且被迫在地里长时间地劳动。long一般不与months
和weeks搭配。times次数或倍数。
10. D form与procession搭配，意为“形成队列”。demonstrate论证，说明，示威。compose后接介词of，意为
“组成”。host款待，作乐。
11. B 上句提到形成队列，本句意为这样的队列经常伴随有一支乐队，故选上文提到的procession。
12. D 上句说：在去墓地的路上，乐队演奏缓慢的、庄重的音乐以便和悲痛的场合相配合。而本句说：在回来
的路上，情绪变化了。所以这两句之间应该是转折的关系。因此选择but。
13. D relations亲戚。句意:死神夺去了他们的一个亲人，但活着的人高兴他们还活着。 14. C happy和上句中提到的slow和solemn相对应。solemn庄严的，隆重的。funeral葬礼。 15. C presented表演，和improvising相搭配。whistle吹口哨。sing唱。showed展示。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points) Section A (30 points)
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four choices marked
A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best one. Write your answer on the answer sheet. Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage:
Washington Irving was America‟s first man of letters to be known internationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in England and in the United States. He was, in fact, one of the most successful writers of his time in either country, delighting a large general public and at the same time winning the admiration of fellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the United States. The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his spirits, his artistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the New. Thackery described Irving as „a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, was most finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refined Europeans.‟ In England he was granted an honorary degree from Oxford─an unusual honor for a citizen of a young, uncultured nation─and he received the medal of the Royal Society of Literature; America made him ambassador to Spain.
Irving‟s background provides little to explain his literary achievements. A gifted but deliberate child, he had little schooling. He studied law, but without zeal, and never did practice seriously. He was immune to his strict Presbyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings and the theatre.
1. Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving‟s personal qualities on his literary success? A. His personal qualities were entirely responsible for his literary success. B. His personal qualities were primarily responsible for his literary. C. His personal qualities had some effect on his literary success. D. His personal qualities had no effect on his literary success. 2. What is implied by the comment about Scott, Poe, and Hawthorne? A. Irving enjoyed great popular admiration.
B. Scott, Poe, and Hawthorne were primarily responsible for Irving‟s success. C. Irving‟s work was not only popular, but also of high literary quality. D. More Americans than Britons admired Irving. 3. Thackery considered Irving ______.
A. the most refined European of his time. B. one of the most refined Europeans C. refined, like most Europeans
D. not inferior to Europeans of the highest refinement 4. What can be said about Irving‟s law career? A. Irving only began to practice law late in life. B. It was so successful that he won an ambassadorship. C. He was an expert on commercial law.
D. He spent very little time working as a lawyer.
5. Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving‟s Presbyterian background on his life? A. It fostered his love for the theatre. B. It developed his skill in business. C. It prompted his interest. D. It had almost no effect on his life. 【答案与解析】
1. C 从第一段中“The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself”我们可知，人们尊重他，
不仅因为他的作品，而且还有部分是由于他的人格魅力。故C项符合。
2. C 第一段提到，欧文的作品不仅受a large general public的喜爱，而且就连年轻一辈的文学家也是十分敬佩，
由此可见，其文学功底是众人认可的。故C项符合。 3. D 文章中Thackery 对欧文如此评价：“socially the equal of the most refined Europeans”，由此可知，D项，“并
不次于欧洲最精致最文雅的人”，与题意相符。 4. D 从最后一段“He studied law, but without zeal, and never did practice seriously.”可知，他以法律没有热忱（zeal），而且也没有认真练习。故D项符合。 5. D 从最后一句中的“was immune to（免疫于„„，不受„„影响）”可知，他的家庭背景对他几乎没什么影
响，故D项符合。
Questions 6-10 are based on the following passage.
The U.S. generates about four billion tons of solid waste a year. More than 90 percent is composed of agricultural and mining wastes. About 3 percent is from industrial wastes. 250 million tons of garbage and refuse spew from homes, schools, office buildings, stores and hospitals.
This mass of metals, paper, food, grass clippers, plastic, rubber and glass which winds up at a landfill or incinerator pit all mixed together seems of no earthly use to anyone.
Or is it? Scattered efforts across the country indicate that new technology, properly applied, might some day turn these millions of tons of refuse into an excellent source of raw materials for new uses.
Several new projects are studying the possibility of treating municipal wastes through pyrolysis—a system of reducing refuse to basic chemicals, liquids and gases which have commercial value. In Florida, a pneumatic tube system provides automatic transport of refuse to a central collection building.
In short, many new ideas are being tested, and many will be needed, since no one method is likely to prove suitable for every community.
However, many tough economic and social questions must be answered before real progress can be made. Can recovered materials compete with new materials? What incentives will be needed to make resource recovery work? Will citizens pay the costs of changing our waste system?
6. The article suggests that garbage and refuses from homes and public places ______. A. make up the largest percentage of solid wastes B. make up a small percentage of solid wastes C. are not really considered in the solid waste problem D. are considered of no use to the earth 7. The process known as pyrolysis ______. A. recycles scrap from industry
B. reduces refuse into basic chemicals
C. changes solid waste into a landfill
D. provides refuse for a collection building
8. The problem raised by the author in solid waste disposal and use is ______. A. economic and social B. political and industrial
C. governmental and institutional
D. traditional and habitual
9. To make his point, the author uses ______. A. social opinions
B. an emotional appeal
C. propaganda techniques D. factual information
10. This article shows that ______.
A. some communities are trying to solve their waste disposal problem B. the federal government is indifferent to the problem of waste
C. recycled materials won‟t be able to compete with new materials D. citizens will unwillingly pay the costs of changing the waste system 【答案与解析】
6. D 文章第二段提到，这些垃圾seems of no earthly use to anyone，可知，人们普遍认为它们已经都没有用。故
D项符合。从第一段第二句可知，大部分固体垃圾是agricultural and mining wastes，故A项错误。B项文章未有提及。C项，“没有真正被当作固体垃圾来考虑”，与原文不符。 7. B pyrolysis高温分解，从文章第四段可知，这种作法就是reducing refuse to basic chemicals，故B项正确。 8. A 从文章最后的三个问题来看，分别是：再次利用的材料在性能上能否比得上新的材料；促使这种回收再利
用的动机是什么；人们是否愿意为改变现在的垃圾现状多花钱。综合起来，故A项符合。
9. D factual information真实的信息。social opinions 人民群众的意见。emotional appeal情感上的呼吁。propaganda
techniques宣传手段。从整篇文章来看，作者是基于事实进行理性地论述的。故D项符合。 10. A 从倒数第二段可看出，很多国家都在测试一些处理垃圾问题的新方法，故A项正确。B项，“联邦对
垃圾问题不闻不问”，与原文不符，从第四段举的Florida的例子可看出。C与D项，文章均无该意思。
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
11. The passage is mainly discussing ______.
A. two different societies
B. the necessity of social change
C. certain factors that determines the ease with which social changes occur D. certain factors that promote social change
12. ______ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.
A. Joint interest B. Advanced technology C. Less emotional people
D. Different points of view
13. The expressions “greater tolerance” (paragraph l) refers to ______.
A. “greater willingness to accept social change” B. “quicker adaptation to changing circumstances”
C. “more respects for different beliefs and behavior”
D. “greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas” 14. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Social change tends to meet more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society. B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.
C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.
D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.
15. Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because ______.
A. people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change
B. people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty C. people there are easy to please D. people there are less disputatious 【答案与解析】
11. C 第一段作者指出了促使社会发生变革的原因是该社会有许多不同共存。第二段则指出了这样一个社会里
容易发生变革的领域、方面。第三段，指出了另一个容易使得社会发生变革的因素，即if it is gradual。D项，“促进社会变革的因素”，为第一段的主要内容，但忽略了第二、三段，故不符。故综合起来，C项
最切合题意。
12. D 从上题可知，促进社会变革的一个重要原因是differences。故D项符合。
13. C 从第一段可知，人们有自己不同的想法、信念，故这样的社会里存在着greater tolerance（更强的容忍力），
根据文意可知，这样的容忍力指的是对其他人不同于自己的相法、行为的包容。故C项符合。 14. B 文章第一段指出，由于人们存在许多不同，相应地，disagreement也会增多，而这样的社会才能更促进社
会的变革。故B是与原文不符的。
15. A 文章第一段中可知，这样的一个社会，发生变革的可能性会比较小是因为everything seems to be the same，
就算环境不如意，但它们也是customary（惯例的）and undisputed（没有异议的）。故A项符合。
Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage.
A new material that combines the temperature and corrosion resistance of ceramics with many of the properties of metals was described at a recent meeting of the American Chemical Society by Development Center at Schenectady, New York. The material is a lightweight composite, consisting of silicon carbide filaments separated by a silicon filler. The silicon carbide—one of the most heat-resistant materials known—provides the composite with its high temperature strength; the silicon filler accounts for the composite‟s toughness and its ability to bend under stress. With likely applications in gas turbines, coal gasifies, and other high temperature machinery, the material can operate at temperature in excess of 1,350—some 200℃ above the limit for components fabricated from most heat-resistant structural metals and alloys.
16. The new material described in this passage is composed of ______.
A. ceramics and metals B. silicon carbide
C. silicon carbide and silicon
D. metals and alloys
17. Which of the following descriptions of the new material is NOT true?
A. It is not easily broken. B. It won‟t be worn away by acid. C. It is easily affected by heat. D. It won‟t change shape under stress.
18. According to the passage, we can assume that if silicon carbide in the composite is replaced by some other substance
now in use, the composite will probably ______.
A. not be able to stand such high temperature B. not be as tough C. be lighter in weight
D. be more resistant to heat
19. According to the passage, the new material ______.
A. is produced by using temperature machinery such as gas turbines and coal gasifies B. can be melted and used for making machines at a temperature above 1,350℃ C. cannot withstand temperature higher than 1,350℃
D. can be used in making gas turbines and coal gasifies
20. According to the passage, most heat-resistant structural metals and alloys can stand heat up to ______.
A. more than 1,350℃ B. about 200℃ C. about 1,150℃ D. about 1,550℃ 【答案与解析】
16. C 文章提到这种材料包括silicon carbide filaments separated by a silicon filler，故C项正确。 17. C 文章提出这种材料combines the temperature and corrosion resistance，故C项与原文不符。
18. A 文章指出，The silicon carbide─one of the most heat-resistant materials known─provides the composite with its high temperature strength，故可知，其它物质的抗高温能力没有金刚砂好。故A项符合。
19. D 从倒数第二句可知，这种材料的抗高温性能上的优势使其很有可能被应用在gas turbines, coal gasifies这类
需要高温运作的产业上。故D项符合。文章提到“the material can operate at temperature in excess of 1,350”，
其中in excess of意为“超过”，故B、C两项错误。
20. C 从最后一句可知，其它大多数抗高温金属或合金的极限是比1,350℃还大约低 200℃的，故C项正确。
Section B (10 points)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and fill in each blank with the most appropriate sentence given
according to the passage.
Is there something as truth? For a good many centuries, the search for truth has been considered the noblest activity of the human mind, 1 . In fact, there are many people who feel that we are actually going backward to accumulate our knowledge. They admit, often contemptuously, that we have more “knowledge” than our ancestors, but we think that we are farther from the truth than ever, or, 2 .
If people look for anything long enough without finding it, question naturally arises whether the thing is really there to find. You have seen a picture of an animal with a lion‟s head, a goat‟s body, and a serpent‟s tail─and 3 . There is plenty of evidence that each part of this animal exists─but there is no reliable evidence that the parts ever occur in this combination. It is at least conceivable that seekers after “truth” have made a similar mistake and invented an imaginary combination.
It is enlightening to consider that the noun “truth” comes from the adjective “true”, and 4 . In both languages the notion of true─accurate, conforming to facts─seems to have developed before the notion of truth. We cannot definitely prove this, since even older words meaning “truth” may have been forgotten, but it seems reasonable. If you want to find out whether a man has told the truth, you compare his words with facts. If they fit, you decide that his statement was true. You may then say either that his words were true or that he spoke the truth─but you cannot simply examine words to find out 5 . Your second statement is merely a grammatical variable of the first. A. maybe an eagle‟s wings for good measure
B. whether there is something called truth in them
C. truth has nothing to do with facts
D. but the seekers after truth have come to such different conclusions that it often seems that very little progress has been
made E. that the Latin word for truth, veritas, also comes from an adjective, verus F. even that we have lost the truth that we once possessed 【答案与解析】
1. D 此句大意为探求真理的人们发现我们实际上依然对真理知之甚少。 2. F 此句中we once possessed可与上文our ancestors相对应。 3. A 句意：或许额外地还会有只鹰的翅膀。 4. E 此句中的also come from与上文相对应。
5. B find out whether there is something called truth in them找出他的话里是否所谓的“”。
Part IV Proof-reading (10 points)
Directions: There is one mistake in each of the following sentences. Correct the mistakes and write your answers on the
answer sheet. 1. Her grandfather would have been deep shocked at the sad news. 【答案】deep →deeply
【解析】deeply 深深地，副词。
2. The more he knows of this important subject, the well equipped he will be to attain success in his work. 【答案】well →better
【解析】The +比较级„„，the +比较级„„，越„„，越„„
3. Only recently have scientists begin to realize the shocking ruin that boxing causes in the brain. 【答案】begin→begun
【解析】only+状语位于句首，句子要倒装，正常语序为scientists have begun to realize...
4. Close by Qurneh lie the mysterious tombs in them the ancient Egyptian rulers were buried with all the grave-goods their religion considered essential for the afterlife. 【答案】them→which
【解析】in which 引导定语从句。
5. The potato yields more nutritious food, more quickly, on less lands and in worse climates than any major crops as wheat, corn, or rice. 【答案】lands→land
【解析】land作“土地”讲时为不可数名词。
6. It was not until we read the paper through carefully which we understood how important his work was. 【答案】which→that
【解析】it is not until…that…直到„„才，强调句型。
7. For more than 80 years, the Graduate School has sought to promote the best environment for advanced study among creative workers, both staff or students. 【答案】or→and
【解析】both and两者都„„
8. Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully relaxing only among people he knows well.
【答案】relaxing→relaxed
【解析】relaxed不拘束的。relaxing令人放松的。
9.Instead of being a useful member of the community as he used to being, he is now idling away his time gambling.【答案】used to being→used to be【解析】used to do过去常常做某事。
10.It is a pity that Professor Pearce has failed to make his ideas understand in his class.【答案】understand→ understood
【解析】make oneself understood使自己被理解，表达自己的意图。Part V English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
Ida Tarbell was one of the first investigative reporters. She and other journalists wrote about the political, economic, and social wrongs in the early 1900‟s. President Theodore Roosevelt gave these writers the name “muckraker”. Ida Tarbell accepted the title as mark of honor, for she thoroughly researched her subjects and carefully documented her findings (1).
After graduating from Allegheny College, Ida Tarbell became head of a private school, where she also taught eight subjects. When her contract expired, she began writing magazine and newspaper articles and books. She wrote biographies of Manon Roland (a leader of the French Revolution). Napoleon Bonaparte, and Abraham Lincoln. Her most famous work, however, was The History of the Standard Oil Company, an expose of the corrupt business practices of the oil industry (2).
When she began investigating the Standard Oil Company, she expected that her findings would fill about three articles. The first installment appeared in McClure’s Magazine in November 1902. By the time she had finished her investigation, she had written eighteen installments, the last of which appeared in October 1904 (3). The articles were later combined into a two-volume book of 554 pages.
Her research was thorough and her information accurate. She exposed the company‟s power and the corrupt practices it followed to achieve that power (4). Because of her findings, the movement to end the powerful monopolies was greatly strengthened. In 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States won its case to break the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company (5). 【参考译文】 （1）艾达••塔贝尔将这个称号视为某种荣耀，因为她每次都会仔细调查她负责的事件，并认真地把自己的发现付诸文字。
，这本书揭露了石油工业中的商业。（2）然而，她最有名的书是《标准石油公司的历史》
（3）她调查完标准石油公司时，该书已经写了十八章，剩下的在1904年10月也都完成。（4）她揭发了那公司掌控的权力及其为达到该权力所用的那些舞弊手段。（5）1911年，美国最高赢得了诉讼，从而打破了标准石油公司的垄断。
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