(新教材)人教版 2019 高中英语选择性必修一 第五单元(知识点总结全)

一、常见短语

convince的常用短语 come的常用短语

convince sb/oneself of sth 使某人/自己相信come up with 想出 提出（计划、方法等） 某事 come up 被提出 走近 破土而出 convince that相信/确信 come about 发生 产生 convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 come across 偶然碰上 be convinced of sth/that… 坚信… come around 拜访 改变观点 devote的常用短语

devote oneself to (doing) sth

致力于（做）某事

be devoted to (doing) sth

devote one’s time/energy/attention/...to (doing) sth 把某人的时间/精力/注意力/…用到…上 be devoted to sb 深爱某人 对某人忠诚

二、易混词（组）辨析 in turn, in return, in return for 易混词组 区别 例句 Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits. 加生产会继而增加利润。 The children got on the bus in turn. 孩子们依次上了公共汽车。 Tom helped me a lot. In return, I invited him to dinner. 汤姆帮了我许多，作为回报，我请他吃晚饭。 I invited Tom to dinner in return for his help. 为了回报汤姆的帮助，我请他吃了晚饭。 in turn ①意为“相应地，转而”；②意为“依次，轮流，逐个” in return 意为“作为回报”，可单独使用 in return for 意为“作为对……的回报”，相当于“in reward for”

三、常见句型与表达

1.“It + be + 过去分词 + that…”句型

① 在此句型中，It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，that仅起连接作用，不做成分。

② 常用于此句型的过去分词（短语）有 believed，said，reported，thought，hoped，suggested，known，estimated，proved，pointed out等。

It is generally believed that a good education is beneficial to young people. （人们）通常认为一个良好的教育对年轻人是有益的。 It is reported that the mayor will visit our school next week. 据报道，下周要来参观我们学校。

③ 该句型可转换为“Sb/Sth + be + 过去分词 + 不定式”句型。 据说瑜伽对人们的健康有益。

It is said that yoga is of great benefit to people’s health. Yoga is said to be of great benefit to people’s health. 注：“Sb/Sth + be + 过去分词 + 不定式”句型中的不定式除了用一般式表示一般情况和将来情况之外，还可用进行式和完成式表示动作正在进行和动作已经完成。 2. prefer to do... rather than do...（宁愿做……而不愿做）

Nowadays many people prefer to surf the Internet at home rather than take exercise outdoors. 如今许多人宁可待在家里上网，也不愿意到户外进行锻炼。

People seem to prefer to emphasize the things he does not do right nowadays，rather than look at the great things he does for the team.

现在人们似乎更愿意强调他做的不好的事情，而不愿看他为团队所做的好的事情。 3. 表示“宁愿…”的相关句型

would do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…而不愿做…

would rather do sth than do sth

would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事

（用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事） would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人做过某事 （用过去完成时表示过去的动作）

would do sth rather than do sth would rather do sth than do sth

4. “not only…but（also）…”结构（“不仅...而且…”） 关于该句型的常见考点有以下三个 ① 该句型连接两个并列结构，可以连接两个名词、代词、动词（短语）、介词短语、句子等。 He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read. 他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。

The moving story gives me not only experience but also confidence. 这个动人的故事不仅给了我经验，而且给了我信心。

② 主谓一致：not only A but also B做主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近一致”原则，即以B为准。

Not only Mr Lin but also his children like watching TV. 林先生和他的孩子们都喜欢看电视。

Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. 不但同学们反对这个计划，老师也反对。

③倒装：not only…but（also）...连接并列分句，且not only…位于句首时，not only所在的分句要用部分倒装结构，but（also）所在的分句不倒装。 Not only do I know her, but I’m her good friend. 我不仅认识她，我还是她的好朋友。

Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat. 太阳不仅给我们提供了光还给了我们热。

四、语法精解 1. 主语从句

在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词主要有从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。

① that引导的主语从句

1）that置于句首的主语从句（that在从句中不做任何成分，也没有含义，只起连接作用，不能省略）

That the college will take in more new students is true. 这所大学将要招收更多的新生是真的。

2）that从句做主语时，常用it做形式主语，that引导的真正主语从句后置，常见的句式主要有如下几种

◎ It + 系动词 + 形容词 + that从句。常用于这种结构的形容词有： necessary必要的 possible可能的 certain明确的 strange奇怪的 right正确的 obvious 明显的 clear清晰的 natural自然的 (un)likely（不）可能的 important重要的

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很明显，整个计划注定要失败。

It is obvious that you’ve made a big mistake. 很明显你犯了一个大错。

It is likely that he can’ t come to the meeting. 很可能他不能来参加会议了。

It is fortunate that I have passed the driving test. 很幸运我通过了驾照考试。

注：在“It Is necessary/ important/ surprising/strange/... + that从句”结构中，从句中谓语常用“should + 动词原形”形式，其中 should可省略。

It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages. 大学生掌握一两门外语是必要的。 It is strange that you (should) trust Jane. 很奇怪你竟然相信简。

◎ It + 系动词 + 名词 +that从句。常用于这种结构的名词词组有： a pity遗憾 good news好消息 an honour荣耀 no wonder难怪 a shame 令人遗憾的事 a fact事实 a wonder奇迹 no surprise不奇怪 It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday. 你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。

It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success. 难怪你取得了这么大成功。

◎ It + be + 过去分词 + that从句。常用于这种结构的过去分词形式有： said据说 told有人告诉 heard有人听说 reported据报道 decided有人决定 suggested有人建议 advised有人建议 ordered 根据命令 remembered有人记得 thought有人认为

considered有人认为 hoped有人希望 announced据宣布

It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment. 据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。

It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident. 据报道在事故中没有乘客受伤。

It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls. 人们普遍认为男孩比女孩更擅长理科。 注：“It be suggested/ advised/ordered/requested/insisted/ demanded/...that从句”结构中，that从句中谓语应用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。

It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 建议你花更多的时间学习英语。

◎ It + 动词（+宾语或状语）+ that从句。常用于这种结构的动词（短语）有： seem显得 happen碰巧 matter重要 occur 出现 turn out结果是

It happened that I was away when he called.他打电话时，我正好不在家。 It turns out that our team has won the game.结果是我们队赢了这场比赛。 It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager.我突然想起来我们应该与经理联系。 ② whether，if引导的主语从句

whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需用it做形式主语。whether，if在从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用，不能省略，表示”是否”。

Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful. 项工作能否按时完成还没准呢。

（可改为 It is doubtful whether the work can be completed on time. ） Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。

It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan. 不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。 ③ wh-类连接词引导的主语从句

1）wh-类连接词包括连接代词（who，whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whatever等）和连接副词（when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however等）。有时也可以用it做形式主语。

What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 让这本书如此精彩的是作者的创造性想象力。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 们在哪里开会都无所谓。

It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting. 由谁来主持会议还没有决定。

注：主语从句如果是用连接代词what，whatever，whoever等引导的，表示的是一个具体的东西或人，这种主语从句不能用it做形式主语。

What is worth doing is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事就值得把它做好。

Whatever was said here has left us much to think. 这里所说的一切都让我们深思。 Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁来都欢迎。

2）what引导主语从句时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循意义一致原则。 What the kid wanted was only a new schoolbag. 那个孩子想要的只是一个新书包

What the kid wanted were some new books. 那个孩子想要的是一些新书。

2. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句 ① 关系代词的选取

在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不能用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用 which，不能用that。

This is the student for whom I bought a book. 这就是我给他买书的那个学生。

This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai. 这就是我去上海所乘的船。 ② 介词的选取

1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。 Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这就是你花高价买的车吗?（pay for sth）

In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。（turn to sb. for help） 2）根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。 He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied. 他带来了老板满意的结果。（be satisfied with）

3）根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。

Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗?（on the day）

Do you still remember the days during which we studied and laughed together? 你还记得我们一起学习、一起嬉笑的那些日子吗?（during the days）

4）根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词或主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配。这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。 This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。 This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. 这就是救了我儿子的飞行员

③ “介词+关系代词”的特殊情况

1）介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）。 This is the book (which/that) you asked for. 这是你要的那本书。

2）在“介词+关系代词”结构中，若介词短语表示位置，则定语从句往往用倒装语序。常见的这类短语有 at the foot of，at the back of，in front of，on the top of等。 They stayed in a big hotel, in front of which was a garden. 他们住在一家大旅馆里，旅馆前面是一个花园。 3）“名词/代词/数词 + 介词of + 关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般做主语，其中“名词 + 介词of + 关系代词”有时可以用“whose + 名词”替换。

The building had been repaired, the roof of which (= whose roof) was destroyed again in a big fire.

那幢楼房曾经被修过，但在一场大火中，楼顶又被烧毁了。

注：有些固定的动词短语一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。 Is this the book which/that she is looking for? 这是她正在寻找的那本书吗? 3. 过去分词做定语

过去分词做定语时，被修饰的词是该分词所表示行为的承受者。当过去分词做定语时，在语态上通常表示“被动”和“完成”，单独的过去分词通常前置，过去分词短语通常后置。 Local people invited to attend the meeting are very pleased to share their experience. 受邀请参加会议的当地人非常乐意分享他们的经验。

The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。 4. 现在分词做状语 现在分词做状语，其中的动词和主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。在句中可以充当成分。 Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 玛丽站在学校门口等贝蒂。（伴随状语）

Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 看见汤姆，我不禁想到了他的哥哥。（时间状语） Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. 因为生病，他昨天没有上学。（原因状语） 5. 表语从句

在复合句中充当表语的句子被称为表语从句。

① that引导表语从句，that无任何意义，也不充当任何句子成分，通常不省略。 My dream is that I will have my own company.我的梦想就是我将来有我自己的公司。 ② whether引导表语从句（此时通常不可用if代替 whether）。 The problem is whether we can get there on time. 问题是我们是否能按时到达那里。

③ where可表示抽象意义，表示“...的地方，…点”。

You are saying everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree. 每个人都应该是平等的，这就是我不同意你的地方。 ④ 几类常见的表语从句句型：

1）It looks/seems as if… 好像…；仿佛... 2）This is because… 这是因为…

3）The reason why…is that… ...的原因是… 4）That is why... 那是因为...

5）The question/problem is whether/when/where… 问题是是否/何时/在哪里...

6） his dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that... 他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是…

五、写作指导（如何写议论文） 1. 技巧点拨

议论文写作要注意论点和论据之间的逻辑性以及不同论据之间的层次性。文章一般短小精悍，语言精练，准确易懂。 文章一般分三部分

第一部分：开门见山，说明议论的主题及观点； 第二部分：列举论据及支持细节； 第三部分：总结观点。

学生在写此类应用文的时候，应该注意以下几点：

① 主题要鲜明。文章第一段要开门见山提出主题及个人观点。 ② 文章层次要分明。 ③ 文章过渡要自然。 ④ 结论要点清晰。 2. 常用表达 ① 开头部分

1）Recently we have had a debate/discussion on..., and I agree with... 2）People take different attitudes towards ..., and I think...

3）Different people have/hold different views/opinions on this problem. In my opinion, I am in favor of...

② 支持观点

1）Some are for/in favor of the idea that... 2）People who are for the idea think that... 3）Most of us support it, because... 4）Some people hold the opinion that... ③ 常用衔接词

as well as, besides, in addition, what’s more, moreover, worse still, on the contrary, firstly/secondly/thirdly..., all in all ④ 个人观点

1）In my opinion, ...

2）As far as I am concerned, ... 3）As for me, ...

4）From my personal point of view, ... 5）In my opinion, it would be better to... 6）My point of view is that...

7）As far as I’m concerned, every coin has two sides. ⑤ 结尾部分

1）Through the discussion, we all think that...

2）We finally reached an agreement on this problem. 3）In conclusion/ In a word, ... 3. 写作模板

Recently we’ve had a discussion on... (问题) and I agree with... (观点). Most of us support it, because...(列举观点及支持细节)

From my personal point of view, it would be better to...(个人观点)