名词性从句中的虚拟语气（讲义）
高中英语 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1. 通过本课的学习，能够全面掌握名词性从句中虚拟语气的基本用法。
2. 通过本课的学习，能够初步了解虚拟语气在不同类型名词性从句中的具体用法。
重点：掌握与坚持、命令、建议、要求四类词相关名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法。
难点：wish宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。
近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考查主要集
中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中多次出现对虚拟语气的考查，考查难度不大。
一、主语从句中的虚拟语气：
1. It is／was + 形容词+ that从句
当形容词为important, necessary，strange，natural，appropriate, proper, right, desirable, essential, surprising, unthinkable等或名词短语a good idea时。
2. It is／was + a pity / a shame / a surprise / no wonder + that从句
3. It is demanded / suggested / ordered / required / ….that-clause
注意：
这种主语从句由连词that引导，虚拟语气为“（should）动词原形”。其中should可省略。should 常译成“应该、必须、竟然”。
It is important and necessary that we
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D. you knew nothing about 答案：C
思路分析：在it is surprising后的that从句中，谓语要用“should +动词原形”，其中should 含“竟然”之意，是最佳答案。
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气：
1. wish后宾语从句须用虚拟语气：⑴表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语须用过去式（were）；⑵表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语须用had+过去分词；⑶表示将来没有把握或者不大可能实现的愿望，从句谓语须用would / could / might+动词原形。
2. 与坚持、命令、建议及要求四类词相关的宾语从句中需要用（should）+动词原形的虚拟语气。这四类词包括⑴一个坚持：insist；⑵两个命令：order，command；⑶三个建议：advise，suggest，propose；⑷四个要求：demand，request，require，desire / ask。
I wish (that) I could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我们能够在天空中自由飞翔。
I wish I had seen you at the party yesterday.
我真希望在昨天的宴会上见到你。
I wish I would have another chance next year.
我希望下一年还有机会。
He ordered that the students (should) wash
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the clothes every week by themselves.
他命令学生们每周自己洗衣服。
The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.
医生建议她立刻手术。（should省略后，she后会紧接着have，这是正确的）
Mr. Li required the computer equipment referred ________ used in every classroom.
A. should be B. have to be C. to be D. to being
答案：C
思路分析：句中referred to是过去分词短语，作the computer equipment 的定语，意为“被提到的计算机设备”；在表示“要求”的require, request, ask, demand等动词后的宾语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”，所以从句的谓语动词是be used，省略了should。
三、表语从句中的虚拟语气：
1. 在名词“suggestion, proposal, idea, plan，order, advice, desire, requirement, request, command, decision, recommendation等”作主语时后面的表语从句中，用“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略。
2. as if ( as though)引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气。
My advice is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
我的建议是我们应该让更多的人参加会议。
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My demand is that she (should) come to see me once a week.
我的要求是她应该一周来看我一次。
It seems as if the meeting would never end. 看来会议没完没了。（与将来相反）
It seems as though he had been there many times.
好像他已经去过那里好多次了。（与过去事实相反）
It seems as if nobody knew what happened. 好像没有人知道发生了什么事。
What the customers _________ from the company is that the goods _________ right to their homes.
A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered
C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered
答案：B
思路分析：从is可知what从句中的谓语动词request或demand用一般现在时，表示一般状况；而动词request / remand有关的表语从句用虚拟语气：（should）+动词原形。第二空动词deliver与主语the goods是被动关系，省略should后，填be delivered。
四、同位语从句中的虚拟语气：
与表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的同位语从句中常用
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（should）+do结构。
The requirement that students (should) learn to protect themselves is successfully carried out in most schools.
学生必须学会保护自己，这一要求在大多数学校都能顺利实施。
I made a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
我提议我们应该下周开个会。
He made the demand that all the students (should) go home at once.
他作出要求，所有学生要立刻回家。
You’d better follow my advice that he English hard with the help of his mother.
A. studies B. studied C. study D. must study
答案：C
思路分析：本题考查虚拟语气，在advice等词后跟的同位语从句中需要（should）+动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。因此选择C选项。
1. Jane’s face suggested that she ________ ill, and her parents suggested that she________ a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has
2. How I wish every family ________ a large house with a beautiful garden.
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A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
4. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _______ right away.
A. would be arrested B. must be arrested
C. be arrested D. had to be arrested
5. Robert wishes that he __________ business instead of history when he was in university.
A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. had studied
6. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of good to her.
A. takes B. must take C. take D. took
答案：BBBCDC 思路分析：
1. 第一个suggest意为“表明”，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，谓语用was；第二个suggest表示“建议”，宾语从句用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
2. 每一家都有一个带花园的大房子是一种很难实现的愿望，wish后的虚拟语气用过去式表示对现在或将来的虚拟。
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3. insist 在此句中表示“坚决要求”，后接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，形式是should+动词原形，should可省略。
4. order的宾语从句用虚拟语气“（should）+动词原形”，因为美猴王是被逮捕的，用被动语态，前面省略了should。句意：玉帝命令立刻逮捕美猴王。
5. 从when引导的时间状语从句可知 “study business”是发生在wishes前，是与过去事实相反的希望，所以用过去完成时（had studied business）。
6. 主语是suggestion，表语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”的虚拟结构，should可以省略。
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