高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

虚拟语气用法总结大全

一． 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

与现在事实相反的假设 从句 If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did, had） 主句 主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形 例句 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 与过去事实相反的假设 与将来事实相反的假设 If +主语+had+过去分词 主语+should/would/could/might If you had taken my advice, you +have+过去分词 would not have failed in the exam. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday. ① If+主语+动词过去式 主语+ should/would/could/might+② If+主语+were to+动动词原形 词原形 ③ If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would) 二．虚拟语气在名词从句中

1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。） 常见的这类动词有: ask要求, advise, beg, Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the suggest建议, command命令, demand要求，classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开教室。 request请求, insist, require要求, order下令, He insisted that she do it right now. 他坚持她马上就做。 propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer宁愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide决定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等 在It is/was +上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中 当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时 在It is /was necessary, important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等 在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that从句中 It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。 My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身。 The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。 It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必须按时到达那儿。 It is a pity that you fail the exam. It is no wonder he be late for class.

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三． 虚拟语气的其他用法

在wish后面的宾语从句中 对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时 I wish I were a little younger. 对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语用过去完成时I wish I had been there. (had done)或“would/could+现在完成时” I wish I had not attended that party. 对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形” 在if only感叹句中 在as if/as though引导的从句中 在would rather结构中 表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时 I wish he could explain what he means. If only the rain would stop. (将来) If only I were taller. (现在) If only I had followed your advice! (过去) I really don’t like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时 He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性 would rather do sth. 表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事” would rather have done sth. 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做” It is becoming dark. It looks as if it’s going to rain. It seems as if he had been to America. I would rather go there tomorrow. He would rather not stay at home tonight. She would rather not have gone to the party. would rather sb. Did 表示的是将来或现在Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came 的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事” next weekend. would rather sb. had done 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做” I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. It is high time that we began to work. 在 It is (about, 从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的high) 事，并含有建议的意味。 time+(that)从句中 错综时间条件句 如果条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表f I If you had studied hard before, you would 示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为 college college student now. 错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表 示的时间作出相应的调整。如： 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, f I If I were at school again, I would study should提到句首，变成倒装句式 er → Were I at school again, I would study er. f you had come earlier, you would have caught bus. →Had you come earlier, you would have ht the bus. f it should rain tomorrow, we would not go bing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not limbing. 2 省 IF 省略句

一． 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

1. — If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock. —What a pity! Tina ______ here to see you. (2005 湖南) A. is B. was C. would be D. has been

2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)

A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall

3. He hesitated（犹豫） for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal. (2001 上海春) A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 4. You didn't let me drive. If we _____in turn, you_____ so tired. (NMET96) A. drove; didn't get B. drove; wouldn't get C. were driving; wouldn't get D. had driven; wouldn't have got

5. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother. (1994全国) A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 6. -----If he__________, he __________that food.

------Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (MET93)

A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; would not have taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 7. If it_____ for the snow, we_____ the mountain yesterday. (MET91) A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 8. Without electricity human life____ quite different today. (MET91)

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 11. --- Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

--- I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (福建34’)

A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended 12. I _______ through that bitter period without your generous help. ( 陕西 22’) A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone 13. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. (天津15’) A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come

14. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were

B. had been C. have been

D. was

16. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount time and energy .（2010浙江）

A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved 17. ---- The weather has been very hot and dry.

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---- Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .

（2010北京）

A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died

18. If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010湖南)

A .followed B .should follow C. had followed D. would follow

20. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (09天津 15) A. would B. should C. could D. might 21. ------ Did you go to his wedding ceremony yesterday ? ------- No. But I would if I had been free. (改错) 二．虚拟语气在名词从句中

1. — Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. — I wish they always late. （北京28’）

A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been

2. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (05 上海) A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 3. —— Don't you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York? —— I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to. (2005 江苏)

A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 4. ① The chairman suggested that the meeting _________________(put off) until the next week. ② The look on his face suggested that he ____________(be) angry with what you did.

5. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we it without you. （08山东） A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 6. The doctor recommended that you ____swim after eating a large meal.

A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t (09浙江13)

7. ①The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.

A. had done, should be B. should do, should be C. had done, had been D. should do, had been ②The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital. A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent

B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent

8.The workers demanded that their wages ＿＿＿ by 20 percent. A. raised B. raise C. should have been raised D. be raised

9. At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge ＿＿＿ over the river. A. be built B. must be built C. was to be built D. had to be built

10. It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios ＿＿＿ after 11 o’clock at night. A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play

11. It is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library ＿＿＿ back before the deadline(截止日期).

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A. be sent B. would be sent C. were sent D. must be sent 三． 虚拟语气的其他用法

1. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ＿＿＿ your advice. A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed

2. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ______, too cold for us to live. (97 上海) A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 3. It is necessary ＿＿＿ the dictionary immediately.

A. that he will return B. that he returned C. that he return D. that he has to return 4. It’s already five o’clock now. Do you think it’s about time ＿＿＿ ?

A. we are going home B. we go home C. we went home D. we can go home 5. It ‘s high time you ＿＿＿ that you are not the most important person in the world A. realized B. have realized C. realize D. should be realizing

6. You don’t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ＿＿＿ on business first. A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone

7. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he more on its culture.

A .focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused（2010江苏） 8. I have watched that movie——it’ll give me horrible dreams.

A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t （2010山东） 9. But for their help, we ___ the program in time. (09安徽34)

A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished

10. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won (09福建35) 11. What a pity? Considering his ability and experience, he better. （08江西） A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 12. If it were not for the fact that she _____ sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006 福建) A. couldn’t B. could C. can’t D. might not

13. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits would be immediately cut off.(2006 湖北) A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 14. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. (1995 全国) A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

15. ______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films often. (1995 上海) A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 16. What would have happened _________ , as far as the river bank? (NMET 2001 上海)

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther C. if Bob walked farther

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