综合教程(第2版)1册U6 练习答案

Unit 6

Text I Is an Only Child a Lonely Child?

Text Comprehension

I. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing. C

II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false. 1. T Refer to Paragraph 1.

2. F Refer to Paragraph 4 . The author actually cites the United States as one of the countries in

which the number of parents choosing to have only one child is increasing.

3. F This is all argument advocated only by some people, not by all, as is indicated in Paragraph

6.)

4. T Refer to Paragraph 6. 5. T Refer to Paragraph 7.

III. Answer the following questions.

1. Refer to Paragraph 2. The issue is whether they should have a second child.

2. Refer to Paragraphs 2 and 3. The child will feel lonely at times especially during vacations; he or she may be more spoiled than the one with siblings.

3. Refer to Paragraph 4. A third of the population in Japan will be aged 65 or over by 2020.

4. Refer to Paragraph 5. It is because the cost of supporting a child up to the age of 18 is considerable around US $160,000.

5. Refer to Paragraph 6. It is implied that a big family with more siblings tends to have favoritism or sibling jealousy, and parents offer less quality time and attention to children, thus leading to their decreased self-esteem and self-confidence.

6. No. According to the author there is no simple answer to the question. Circumstances affecting the decision vary from family to family.

IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.

1. As for the issue of single child, people are often concerned about whether an only child necessarily means a lonely child.

2. Some single-child parents feel they are too busy with their work to spend time and energy on a second child. Consequently, they choose to have no more children. 3. The conditions affecting each couple vary from family to family.

Structural analysis of the text

1. Paragraphs 3: Another common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled than one with siblings.

Paragraph 4: Despite these arguments, the number of parents choosing to have only one child is increasing in many parts of the world.

Paragraph 6: Advocates of single-child families argue that there are advantages for the child as well as the parents.

Paragraph 7: Unfortunately, there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child.

2. The word \"Another\" used at the beginning of Paragraph 3 implies that at least one argument has been presented earlier.

\"Despite these arguments...” prepares readers for something against their expectations, i.e. many parents still choose to have one child although the disadvantages of doing so have just been clearly presented.

\"Unfortunately\" tells readers that they are going to come across something disappointing, i.e. the author fails to provide a definite answer to the questions raised at the beginning of the text.

Vocabulary

I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. needing a lot of attention or effort 2. in connection with; on the subject of 3. sign of shame; feeling of being ashamed

4. willingness of each person to satisfy others‟ wishes 5. decreased

6. the feeling of wanting to get what sb. else has among brothers and sisters

II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

1. arise from 2. unique 3. self-esteem 4. stigma 5. overwhelming 6. interacted 7. favoritism 8. prime 9. involved 10. despite

III. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences. 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C

IV. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair and note the difference of meaning between them.

1. Both words refer to something that is carried or transported. Load is a more general word to be used with any kind of carrier, and it can refer to the quantity carried or conveyed, as measured by the capacity of the vehicle or bearer. Burden means that which is carried or borne physically, but it can specifically refer to something borne with difficulty ill a mental or emotional sense. a. burden b. burden c. loads d. load

2. Choose means “take one or more from a number of things available -- usually a matter of preference”; it emphasizes the act of will exercised in making the decision and the finality of the decision. Elect connotes choosing from a limited number of alternatives, especially choosing a person for office by a majority or plurality of votes. a. choose b. elected c. choose d. elected

3. An issue is an important subject that people are arguing about or discussing, while a problem is an unsatisfactory or difficult situation that people have to think about, analyze and find a solution to. A problem specifically refers to a puzzle that requires logical thought. a. issue b. problem c. problem d. issue

4. Fashion is mainly concerned with clothing, furniture, behaviour patterns in themselves, and it can also refer to the high social standing of people who are influential in establishing customs or making a style of dress popular. The word can also be used to replace \"manner.\" Trend literally means the general course, direction, or line of movement followed by a coastline, river, etc., but now it is more often used to refer to any general course, inclination, or tendency. a. trend b. trend c. fashion d. fashion

V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. Synonym: only (sole)

2. Antonym: uncommon (unusual, extraordinary, exceptional) 3. Synonym: honor (admire, esteem) 4. Antonym: decrease (diminish, lessen) 5. Synonym: worry (anxiety)

6. Antonym: insignificant (weak, feeble, powerless)

7. Synonym: first (chief, main, primary, principal, foremost, leading) 8. Antonym: fortunately (luckily)

VI. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in the bracket. 1. advocacy 2. respectfully 3. potential 4. surveyor 5. overwhelming 6. association 7. equivalent 8. inappropriate

Grammar

I. Replace the that-clause in each of the following sentences by a prepositional phrase without changing the original meaning.

1. The young man convinced everyone of his innocence. 2. Are you sure about/of Simon's disappearance? 3. No one is sorry about Lawler's resignation. 4. I assure you of my willingness to stand down. 5. They persuaded him of their need for more troops. 6. Did anyone inform you of the change of the plans?

7. I must remind you of your responsibility towards your friends. 8. No one told me of these problems.

II. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate complex prepositions listed below. 1. but for (\"But for\" means \"except for the effects of.\")

2. Except for (\"Except for\" means \"not including.\" It is used to show that a general statement made in the main part of the sentence is not completely true.}

3. in the case of (\"In the case of\" means \"in the circumstance of.\") 4. What with (\"What with\" means \"because of.\")

5. In terms of (\"In terms of\" means \"from the point of view of.\") 6. In view of (\"In view of\" means \"taking into consideration.\") 7. by way of (\"By way of\" means \"as a way of.\") 8. in point of (\"In point of fact\" means \"in fact.\")

III. Replace the underlined finite clause in each sentence by a prepositional phrase.

(\"In spite of,\" \"despite,\" \"for all,\" and \"with all\" show concession. \"ln spite of\" is a general purpose prepositional phrase. \"Despite\" is more formal than \"in spite of.\" \"With all\" and \"for all\" are colloquial forms.

\"Because of\" and \"for\" show reason or cause. \"Because of\" is more commonly used and \"for\" is used to show reason in a limited number of expressions, such as \"for fun\" and \"for joy.\") 1. In spite of the city's many attractions 2. Despite the clear scientific evidence,

3. with all his immense fortune

4. For all your huge secretarial staff, 5. because of the heavy rain 6. for money

IV. Combine each pair of sentences into one. Use the word(s) in brackets.

(Note that \"although,\" \"because\" and \"even though\" are conjunctions. They must be followed by a clause. \"Because of,\" \"in spite of,\" \"despite,\" \"except,\" and \"but for\" are prepositions or prepositional phrases. They must be followed by a noun phrase.)

1. Although I didn't speak the language, I managed to make myself understood.

2. Despite living / the fact that we live in the same street, we hardly ever see each other. 3. John didn't get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications.

4. We rarely go to the theatre except around Christmas, when we take the children.

5. But for the millions of dollars' worth of aid from governments around the world, most people in the country would have starved to death.

6. The Prime Minister returned home because of growing unrest in the country. 7. We must be near the beach because I can hear the waves.

8. We will go ahead with our project even though our partners pull out. V. In each sentence, insert an appropriate conjunction from the list. 1. because

2. as (\"As\" means \"in the capacity of\" while \"like\" means \"in the manner of.\") 3. Although 4. whenever 5. wherever

6. since (\"Since\" introduces a past date, moment, event, a point of time while \"for\" introduces a period of time.)

7. where 8. or else

VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentence given below, using a what-clause as a noun phrase.

e.g. Cultures differ in their value systems; what is acceptable in one culture may not be so in another culture.

Translation

I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1. 家里没有别的孩—子和他交往，这就使得孩手有时候感到孤独，尤其在假期里。

2. 许多人认为独生子女不善于与其他人沟通，也就不会尊重在各种关系中相互谦让的精神。 3. 对有些独生子女的家长一尤其是那些事业繁忙的家长一来说，要将时间和精力奉献给第二个孩子所带来的压力似乎太沉重了，于是他们作出再也不要其他孩子的选择。

4. 因为只有一个孩子，所以由于父母偏爱或兄弟姐妹之间的妒忌而引起家庭争端的可能性就小了。

II. Translate each of the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.

1. The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease.

2. Don't you think it a sort of stigma that you, already in your thirties, still have to depend on your old parents?

3. Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the financial issue. 4. With regard to the seminar on English teaching, I suggest that it (should) be held on the coming

weekend.

5. Whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you. 6. Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.

7. No matter what efforts the government has made, the price for housing has barely declined. 8. Ill order to pass TOEFL, he has devoted almost every minute of his spare time to English studies.

9. With his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment. 10. It is believed that sibling jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one.

Exercises for integrated skills I. Dictation

About this time / I found out the use of a key. / One morning I locked my mother up in the pantry, / where she was obliged to remain three hours. / She kept knocking on the door, / while I sat outside on the porch steps and laughed. / This naughty behavior of mine / convinced my parents / that I must be taught as soon as possible. / After my teacher came to me, / I sought an early opportunity / to lock her up in her room. / I could not be induced to tell / where the key was. / My father had to get a ladder / and take the teacher out through the window. / Months after, / I produced the key.

II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate. 1) name 2) ago 3) list 4) claiming 5) successful 6）up 7) advantages 8) language 9) attention 10) opportunities

Writing: Parallelism

Rewrite the following sentences in a parallel form. 1. You can go there on foot, by bike or by bus.

2. A gossip is someone who talks to you about others, a bore is someone who talks to you about himself, and a brilliant conversationalist is one who talks to you about yourself. 3. Faith sees the invisib!e, feels the intangible and achieves the impossible.

4. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be. 5. My father's income is smaller than my mother's.

6. What you say reflects your mind; what you do reflects your ability.

7. A single dollar could save a man's life, and a thousand dollars could better it, while a million dollars could end it.

8. I am at a loss what to do and where to go.

9. Your semester grade is based on not only how well you do on each test but also how you participate in class.

10. Endeavor, confidence and opportunity are the basic elements of one's success.

Listening TRANSCRIP

Titles Other than Mother

A woman named Emily renewing her driver‟s license at the County Clerk‟s office was asked by the woman recorder to state her occupation. She hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself. “What I mean is,” explained the recorder, “do you have a job, or are you just a ...”

“Of course I have a job,” snapped Emily. “I‟m a mother.”

“We don‟t list „mother‟ as an occupation ... „Housewife‟ covers it,” said the recorder emphatically.

I forgot all about her story until one day I found myself in the same situation, this time at our own Town Hall. The clerk was obviously a career woman, poised, efficient, and possessed of a high-sounding title like “Official Interrogator” or “Town Registrar.”

“What is your occupation?” she probed.

What made me say it, I do not know ... The words simply popped out. “I‟m a Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations.”

The clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair, and looked up as though she had not heard right.

I repeated the title slowly, emphasizing the most significant words. Then I stared with wonder as my pronouncement was written in bold, black ink on the official questionnaire.

“Might I ask,” said the clerk with new interest, “just what you do in your field?”

Coolly, without any trace of fluster in my voice, I heard myself reply, “I have a continuing program of research, (what mother doesn‟t), in the laboratory and in the field (normally I would have said indoors and out). I‟m working for my Masters, (the whole family), and already have four credits (all daughters). Of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities, (Any mother cares to disagree?) and I often work 14 hours a day (24 is more like it). But the job is more challenging than most run-of-the-mill careers and the rewards are more of a satisfaction rather than just money.”

There was an increasing note of respect in the clerk‟s voice as she completed the form, stood up, and personally ushered me to the door.

As I drove into our driveway, buoyed up by my glamorous new career, I was greeted by my lab assistants – ages 13, 7, and 3. Upstairs I could hear our new experimental model (a 6-month-old baby) in the child-development program, testing out a new vocal pattern.

I felt triumphant! I had scored a beat on bureaucracy! And I had gone on the official records as someone more distinguished and indispensable to mankind than “just another mother.”

Motherhood ... What a glorious career! Especially when there‟s a title on the door.

Does this make grandmothers “Senior Research Associates in the field of Child Development and Human Relations” and great grandmothers “Executive Senior Research Associates”? I think so!!!

I also think it makes aunts “Associate Research Assistants.” Key to listening exercises: A.

1. Herself (mother): Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations 2. Her three elder daughters: lab assistants 3. Her youngest daughter: new experimental model in the child-development program 4. Grandmothers: Senior Research Associates in the field of Child Development and Human Relations 5. Great grandmothers: Executive Senior Research Associates 6. Aunts: Associate Research Assistants in the field of Child Development and Human Relations B.

I have a list of endless things to do, both indoors and outdoors. I‟m working for my whole family,

and already have four daughters. Of course, every mother would agree that being a mother is one of the most time-consuming thing in the world, and I often have to work 14 hours a day.

Text II Changing Roles: Stay-at-Home Dads

Key to Questions for discussion

1. Traditionally, Western civilization viewed a woman as a wife and mother whose place should be in the home and a man the sole wage-earner of the family.

2. Many women decide to get jobs because of financial need or to achieve freedom from women's traditional roles of child rearing and housework. As more and more women have begun working outside the home, many families no longer have an adult at home during the day, and the demand for childcare has risen.

3. People are re-thinking men's values and their role in family life. Today, male parents are generally expected to attend childbirth classes, be there for the delivery, and to take more responsibility for child rearing than their fathers or grandfathers did. In other words, they should be more active in the care of children and the home.

4. What kids need most from their father is probably his simple presence. Often the two most important things a father should give his children are love and time. Fathers need to make a special point of devoting their home hours and energy to their children. Mutual trust and unconditional love are still the keys to successful child rearing. 5. (Open to discussion.)