上海市黄浦区2019届高三英语一模含答案

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection A

Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. Forthe blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.

Just How Buggy is Your Phone?

What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say ___21___ toilet seat, you?re wrong. Kitche n sponges top thelist. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch theirphones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.

In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during awidespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone?s owner reported the theft before ___22___（die）from the disease.Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally ___23___（confess）to the crime.

___24___ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact,they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars?“That's allyou,”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell.“That?s biological information.”

It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from ___25___ of your friends andfamily. They?re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbialfingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.

In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants? homes, ___26___ countertops and floors tocomputer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office

equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an ___27___（early）study, a different group of researchers found that theycould use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who ___28___（use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboardsat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.

One day, microbial signatures might show ___29___ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove___30___ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just botheryou?Section B

Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that

The Nile

The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as…the gift of the Nile?. The Egyptians dependon the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliestirrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.

Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a richdeposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils andleeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliverwater to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.

An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to de determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, alifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringingback timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeonsperformed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet theyalso relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition（迷信）.And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods. By the 16th centuryEgypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won

___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for worldtransportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which nowstruggles to satisfy the country?s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection A

Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in eachblank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty Cities

Water covers 71% of Earth?s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limitedresources is rising, a trend likely to continue.

It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often requiremore water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in heavilyirrigated（灌溉）areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of availablewater is as important as its ___44___.

Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___ for water resources between different userswithin river catchments or basins can also be a cause.

Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape

Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainyseason the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same weekfour years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when itwould be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billionlitres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___51___, in Britain this isconsidered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.

In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at householdwith a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both

significant areas of employment, have ___54___. It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of wateris low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.

Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of Day Zero must serve as awake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertainfuture.

41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply

43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume

45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained

50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensively

51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. What?s more52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential

53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threatSection B(A)

Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia” is grounded in reality farmore than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Paterson?s award-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and JeffStockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusuallygifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.

Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. Anintroverted(内向的) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie(Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, theirfriendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes,a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.

Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement ofa teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in theeveryday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone close to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny,perfect details.

With strong performances from all the leads, “Bridge to Terabithia” is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity. As theemotional landscape darke ns, those who haven?t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers causewithout ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they won?t be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web, “Bridge to Terabithia” is the kind of children?s movie rarely seen nowadays.At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum, the story?s上⼀页下⼀页