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高中英语虚拟语气详解及练习(含答案)

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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习

虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表: 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相should /would/could/might + have had + 过去分词 反 + 过去分词 与现在事实相一般过去时(be用would/should/could/might + 动词反 原形 were) 一般过去时或与将来事实相would/should/could/might + 动词should(were to) + 动反 原形 词原形 例句: (1)表示与现在事实相反

If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.

(2)表示与过去事实相反

If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.

(3)表示与将来事实相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow. 1. 虚拟条件句的倒装

在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如:

Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.

Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?

2. 错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如:

If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. 3. 含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如:

But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college. 二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用

在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

(一)should类

这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。其具体运用体现在:

1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.

The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible. He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.

2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:The general sent the order that the battle(should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.

My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:

It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.

It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类

英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。

1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。如:

He wished he had never been involved in such affairs. I would rather you could teach me again. 2. as if,as though引导的从句。如:

The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man. He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.

3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。如: If only I had passed the test! If only it stopped raining!

4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。如: It is time we went out for a walk.

It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment. 三、虚拟语气的其它用法

在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。如: Would you mind smoking here? May you be lucky!

Long live the people of China! God save me.

虚拟语气练习题

1.Donald. J. Trump insists that he ______ the phone in his Government office all the time, instead of his own cellphone and that the New York Times ______ the fake news. A.uses; stops C.uses; stop 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查insist的用法。句意:Donald. J. Trump坚称他一直在使用办公室的电话,而不是自己的手机,并且坚持要求纽约时报应该停止报道虚假信息。第一个insist表示“坚持说”, insist表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”,从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态,谓语一般用陈述语气,本从句根据主句用一般现在时。第二个insist表示“坚持要”后接宾语从句,宾语从句通常用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形),should可以省略。故C选项正确。 【点睛】

insist其后可接that-从句,但要根据意思的不同而分清两种情况:(1)表示“坚持要”“一定要”,从句所指的一般是尚未实现的事实,此时谓语通常用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形),而且引导词that一般不省略(尤其是当已经省略 should 时)。(2) 表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”,从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态,谓语一般用陈述语气,引导词 that 可省略。

根据句子的语境以及句意,可以判断出insist后接了两个宾语从句,insist第一个意思是表示“坚持说”,所以从句用陈述性的语气,且句子为一般现在时,所以用uses。而insist第二个意思表示“坚持要”,所以从句谓语动词用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形),所以用use。综上所述,C选项正确。

B.use; stops D.use; stop

2.This is his only request that the room_______ after being used. A.be cleaned 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

试题分析:考查虚拟语气。本题是一个同位语从句,前面的名称是request,后面的同位语从句中使用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略。句意:使用以后这个房间要被打扫干净,这是他唯一的请求。故A正确。 考点:考查虚拟语气

点评:request/order/demsnd/advice等后面的同位语从句使用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略。

B.would be cleaned C.is cleaned

D.will be cleaned

3.He is not native; if he were, we ______ this discussion over his identity. A.would not be having

B.are not having

C.had not had 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

D.will not have

试题分析:考查虚拟语气。本题考查的if条件句的虚拟语气,表示与现在的事实相反,if从句中使用过去时(be动词用were),主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”;句意:他不是本地人。如果他是本地人,我们就不会讨论他的身份了。故A正确。 考点:考查虚拟语气

点评:在条件句的虚拟语气中,如果与现在事实相反,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”,从句中使用过去时;如果与过去相反,主句中使用“情态动词+have done”,从句中使用过去完成时。

4. They didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterday. Otherwise, they _________ the report. A.had listened to C.should listen to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

试题分析:考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。句意:昨天他们没有出现在会议上,否则,他们就听报告了。这里otherwise相当于一个虚拟条件句:if they had turned up at the meeting,,主句应用:would/could/might+have done 结构,所以选D。 考点:考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气

B.would listen to D.would have listened to

5.________ the danger of traveling on the lonely island, they would not be trapped now. A.Have they been informed of C.Should they be informed of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

试题分析:考查虚拟语气和倒装省略。句意:如果他们被告知了在孤岛上旅行的危险的话他们现在就不会被困了。此题考查的是混合虚拟语气,且考查了虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合。If条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反应该是“If they had been informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”,主句是与现在事实相反,可以通过时间状语“now”判断出。依照if遇到的虚拟语气与倒装省略的结合用法可以用成“Had they been informed of the danger of traveling on the lonely island”,故D项正确。 考点:考查虚拟语气和倒装省略

B.Were they informed of D.Had they been informed of

6.—With the failure of the experiment, we reach a dead end.

—Cheer up! Many good things would never have happened if the bad events ________ first.

A.don’t happen C.hadn’t happened 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

B.didn’t happen D.haven’t happened

表示与过去事实相反的推测时,主句用would have done的形式,if从句用过去完成时。

7.(2017•天津) —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday. A.hadn’t been C.weren’t 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 试题分析: 【名师点睛】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise,相当于一个条件状语从句:If I hadn't have her phone number,即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句,可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟,故选B。 【点睛】

if的虚拟语气非常重要,首先要熟悉基本用法:1、表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句:If主语+过去时(be动词用were);主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do:2、表示与过去事实相反的情况,从句:If主语+had+done;主句:主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测,从句:①if+主语+were to do② if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were ;主句:主语+should /would/ could /might+do,另外要注意从句也可以省略if,把had,were,should提前。这句话的虚拟语气是根据标志词otherwise和句意推断出主句是对过去的虚拟。

B.wouldn’t have been D.wouldn’t be

8.The newly elected president required at the meeting that the problem ________ be solved before the National Day. A.must C.can 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:新当选的总统在会议上要求这个问题在国庆节前必须解决。require表示“要求”之意时,后面跟宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气should +动词原形,should可以省

B.need D.should

略。故选D。

【名师解析】should+动词原形的虚拟语气。

在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词主要有 :“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should通常可以省略。如

He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。 He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。

The doctor advised [suggested] that he (should) not smoke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。 He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。

注:这类句子有时可用于被动结构,前面用先行词it作主语,代指后面的从句。如: It was proposed that this matter be discussed next time. 有人提议这事下次再讨论。 动词insist后接宾语从句时除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气。两者的区别是若是谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。比较: He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。 He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。

与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气。两者的区别是,若表示建议时用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”。如果译成“表明,暗示”时,则要用陈述语。比较并体会。

He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。 What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。

9.How come you have failed again?Were I you,I_______it the first time. A.passed

C.would have passed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查错综时间虚拟条件句。句意:你怎么又失败了?如果我是你,第一次就通过了。此处是虚拟语气,从句表示与现在事实相反,省略了if;根据the first time可知,主句表示与过去事实相反,动词用would have +过去分词,故选C。 【名师点睛】

虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,要区别对待。从句表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;如果表示与现在事实相反,则用一般过去时。而主句的动作如果与过去事实不符,则用would have done结构;如果与与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符,则用would do或would be (doing)。如

①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现

B.would pass D.had passed

在也会是工程师了。

此处从句指与过去事实相反,当初没有努力学习,主句和现在事实相反,指现在就是工程师了。

②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:

If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 从句现在事实是他不认识她,主句与过去事实相反,指他没去问候。

③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如: If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好。

从句与过去相反,指今年下雨很多,主句与现在情况相反,指庄稼没有长好。

本题是第二种用法,从句与现在事实相反省略了if,根据the first time可知,主句和过去事实相反,动词用would have +过去分词。

10.Enthusiastic fans would rather they________ the super star at the airport tomorrow morning. A.should meet C.met 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:热情的粉丝们都希望明天早上在机场能见到那位超级明星。would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,用来表达主观愿望,谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来“宁愿做什么”。故选C。

【名师点睛】would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,用来表达主观愿望,谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来“宁愿做什么”。用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反,表示“宁愿过去……”、“对过去做的事感到懊悔”。 1.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。 I’d rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。 2. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I’d rather you hadn’t said it yesterday. 我真希望昨天你没有这样说过。

B.would meet D.were to meet

11.It’s required that the football match _____ put off ___ the bad weather. A.be; because of C.was; thanks to 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查主语从句中的虚拟语气和介词词组。句意:据要求足球比赛因为坏天气应该被推迟。

B.would be; due to D.was; owing to

It’s required that 主语+(should )+动词原形+---。the football match和put off之间是被动关系,第一空应该是(should ) be ,其中should 可以省略,根据句意可知答案为A。

12.I wouldn’t have punched him if it ________ for the fact that he ________ to apologize to me yesterday.

A.were not; refused C.had not been; refused 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气和时态。句意:如果不是昨天他拒绝向我道歉这个事实的话,我就不会揍他。第一空是过去完成时态,表示与过去的事实相反;第二空陈述过去一个事实,用一般过去时态。故选C。

B.were not; had refused D.had not been; had refused

13.Thank you so much for your kind assistance; otherwise, my son ___________ the project on time.

A.would never have completed C.has never completed 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:非常感谢你的帮助;要不然的话,我儿子永远不会按时完成这个项目。根据句意可知“我儿子按时完成了这个项目”,与过去的事实相反,相当于if非真实条件句的主句部分,故A项正确。

B.had never completed D.will never complete

14.If my car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A.was 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我的车靠得住的话,去年夏天我就会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机了。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用had done,选B。

B.had been

C.should be

D.would be

15.Though his face suggested that there________ nothing serious, the doctor still suggested he ________ in bed for a few days. A.was, stay C.be, stayed 【答案】A

B.was, stayed D.be, stay

【解析】 【详解】

考查suggest用法。suggest表示建议的时候,后面的句子使用虚拟语气:should do构成,should可以省略;当suggest表示暗示,说明的时候,后面使用陈述语气。第一空前的suggest意为暗示,说明,所以使用陈述语气;第二空前的suggest意为建议,后面使用虚拟语气。结合句意可知A正确。句意:尽管他的脸表明没有什么严重的事情,但医生还是建议他卧床几天。故选A。 【点睛】 Suggest用法小结 1.suggest表示建议 1)suggest+doing sth.

He suggested going out for a walk.

2)suggest +(that )+主语+(should) do+sth 其中的should 可以省略 He suggested that you should go there tomorrow. =He suggested you go there tomorrow.

注意,不可以这样说:He suggested you to go there tomorrow.也就是说suggest不可以加不定式的复合结构.

3)it is suggested that +主语+(should )do sth. It is suggested that the work (should) be finished at once.

4)suggestion做主语时,其后的表语从句也用这个结构即:The suggestion is that +主语+should +do sth

His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.

2.suggest 表示暗示或表明之意,注意此时做主语时后面的表语从句用陈述语气 Her yawn suggested that she was sleepy.她哈欠连天表明她困了。

16.If it ________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. A.had not been C.were not 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是那天他的邀请,我现在就不会在这里了。A. had not been(过去完成时) B. should not be(情态动词)C. were not(一般过去时态) D. should not have been(should not have done不应该做,但是做了)。主句“I should not be here now.”表达的是与现在事实相反的情况;而根据if从句中表示过去的时间状语 “the other day前些日子”可知,此处表达的应该是与过去事实相反的情况,所以要使用过去完成时。故选A项。

B.should not be D.should not have been

17.--- Why don't you buy the necklace since you like it so much? ---I___, but I don't have the money A.would

B.will

C.should 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

D.may

考查虚拟语气。句意:—既然你如此喜欢这条项链,为什么不把它买下来?—我要买的,但我没有钱。本句是一个表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,will和may不用于虚拟语气,should的意义不搭配。句中would后面承前省略了buy it。故A项正确。

18.I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I __________ the task on schedule.

A.might have accomplished C.must have accomplished 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:很遗憾我没有按时完成工作。如果有更好的设备的话,我或许可以如期完成任务的。这是一个含蓄条件句,表示与过去的事实相反的假设,主句用should/could/would/might+have done,故选A。

B.would accomplish D.could accomplish

19.But for the fact that he the truth , he for a week's imprisonment. A.didn’t know; would be.

C.didn’t know; would have been punished. 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是因为他不知道,他会受到一周监禁的惩罚。他不知道是过去的事实,应用陈述语气didn’t know;that he didn’t know the truth为fact的同位语。根据but for……可知,整句是对过去的虚拟,第二空应用would/could/might/should+ have done的形式。根据句意,他应该受到惩罚,应用被动语态,故选C。

B.hadn't known; might have punished. D.hadn't know; could be punished

20.Investigators urged that safety procedures at the construction site ___________ as soon as possible. A.would improve C.improved 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:调查人员敦促建筑工地上的安全操作要尽早改善。动词urge后的宾语从句要使用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。本句主语safety

B.were improved D.be improved

procedures at the construction site与improve构成被动关系,要用被动语态,句中还省略了should。故D项正确。

21.The use of solar energy saved many African countries lots of money that otherwise ______ on coal, gas and oil. A.was spent C.would be spent 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:太阳能的使用为许多非洲国家节省了很多钱,否则这些钱将花在煤炭、天然气和石油上。分析句子可知,本句为otherwise 引导的虚拟条件句。本句表示与过去事实相反的假设。otherwise 相当于虚拟条件从句=if the use of solar energy hadn’t saved many African countries lots of money,后接主句 would have been spent。故D选项正确。

B.had been spent D.would have been spent

22.______ for the fire at Notre Dame de Paris, a church famous for its large collection of art treasures, I would be there for a visit this summer vacation. A.Had it not been C.Were it not be 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查省略if的虚拟语气。句意:如果不是巴黎圣母院的大火,这个以收藏大量艺术珍品而闻名的教堂,我今年暑假就会去那里参观。此处是if引导的虚拟语气,if从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时态,且if省略则把助动词had提到主语的前面去。故选A。 【点睛】

If引导的虚拟语气: 1.表示与现在事实相反的情况

从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+

should/would/might/could+do:If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) 2.表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done:If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)

3.表示与将来事实相反

从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)

B.Should it not be D.If had it not been

23.Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time, otherwise he ______________ over to help us. A.might have come C.had come 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:史密斯先生那时正在开会,要不然他可能过来帮我们了。根据“Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time”可知,此处表示对过去事情的推测,表示“可能已经”,故A项正确。

B.would come D.were to come

24.I ___________ a full mark in the last listening exam if I hadn’t practiced it during the winter holiday. A.didn’t got C.wouldn’t get 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我在寒假没有练习听力的话,我就不会在最近的听力考试中得满分。分析句意可知,真正的事实是,我在寒假进行了听力练习,因而在听力考试中得了满分。此句应使用虚拟语气,表示对过去事实的虚拟。故已知从句部分使用过去完成时的否定形式表达虚拟(hadn’t practiced),主句应使用过去将来完成时(would have done)表达虚拟,且结合句意应使用否定形式,故选D。

B.hadn’t got D.wouldn’t have got

25.To my delight, the students are recycling many things they _______ away in the past. A.were throwing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:让我高兴的是,学生们正在回收很多东西,是他们过去本来会扔掉的。分析句子可知,空格所在句定语从句,是一个隐含的虚拟语气,in the past相当于If they had been in the past,所以句子用虚拟语气,和过去相反用would have done。故选C。

B.will be throwing

C.would have thrown D.had thrown

26._____ the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A.If it is not 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是因为免费的电影票,我就不会看电影看得那么勤。根据 I

B.Were it not for

C.Had it not been for D.If it had not been

would not have gone to the films so often.可知,这里在对过去进行虚拟,要用非真实条件句的虚拟语气,此时条件从句中谓语动词用had done。而当非真实条件句中有had时,可以省略if,把had提至主语前形成部分倒装结构。故选C项。 【点睛】

非真实条件句的虚拟语气是虚拟语气的考查中很重要的一部分。非真实条件句表示条件从句假设的动作客观上未发生,只是主观虚拟在这个动作发生的情况下主句动作的反馈。非真实条件句的虚拟语气可分为对现在的虚拟、对过去的虚拟和对将来的虚拟,每一种情况下条件从句的谓语动词和主句的谓语动词形式都是有相应要求的。而当非真实条件句中有should、had或were时,可以省略if,而把should、had、或were提至主语前,从句形成部分倒装结构。本题正好符合这种情况,首先根据分析出的非真实条件从句可以写出一般形式“If it had not been for the free ticket”,再省略if、提前had作部分倒装,即可得出正确答案。

27.With college entrance examination approaching, it's time that I ______ myself into hard work.

A.should throw 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:随着高考的临近,是我应该努力学习的时候了。It’s time that...句型中从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气,should+动词原形/过去式,should不能省略。故选A。

B.have thrown

C.throw

D.throwing

28.What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake, __________ to save their child.

A.had they not come back C.did they not come back 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

考查省略if的条件句。句意:真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子,这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知,此处为if引导的虚拟条件句,与过去事实相反,从句的谓语动词为had come back,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把had置于句首。从句“if they had not come back”省略if,提前had,句子写成“had they not come back”。故选A项。 【点睛】

if引导的虚拟条件句,当从句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首。

B.have they come back D.did they come back

29.My adviser recommended that I ______for advanced literature because I like English. A.sign up

B.signed up

C.was signed up

D.am signing up

【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:我的指导老师建议我报名参加高级文学,因为我喜欢英语。主句中谓语动词“recommend(建议)”后面跟宾语从句,从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词为“(should)+动词原形”;再根据从句主语“I”与“sign up for (报名参加)”应该是主动关系,所以该空应该填(should) sign up,should可以省略。故选A。 【点睛】

30.We should consider the students’ request _________ the school library _________ more books on popular science. A.if; provide C.that: provide 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查同位语从句。句意:我们应该考虑学生请求学校图书馆提供学生更多的关于科普方面的书籍的要求。根据名词request及后面完整的句子可知,该句是同位语从句,从句用来解释说明前面的名词request,所以需用连接词that,request后跟从句需用虚拟语气,(should) do 结构,这里should可以省略。故选C。 【点睛】

同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief, request等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。而引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,但是that不可省略,根据该题的名词request,以及空后的句子可判断该句为同位语从句,所以用that。request后需接虚拟语气,所以这里需用动词原形。

B.that; provides D.how; provides

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